Uyayesaba iListeria? (Listeriosis) Ake sifunde kahle ngaleli gciwane eliyingozi!

Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama elithi 'Listeria'. Kodwa lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyiqaphele. Kalula nje, i-Listeria uhlobo lwebhaktheriya, okungukuthi, igciwane elincane. Uma lokhu kungena emizimbeni yethu, singaba nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Listeriosis ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Iyini i-Listeria? Kungani iyingozi?

I-Listeria uhlobo lwebhaktheriya. Uma leli bhaktheriya lingena emizimbeni yethu, silibiza ngokuthi i-Listeriosis. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu zivame ukufaka uhudo, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu ziyaphela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangathinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo. Lokhu kungaba yiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kanye nabantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (njengalabo abenza i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza). Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Siyithola kanjani i-listeria?

Ukutheleleka nge-Listeria empeleni uhlobo lokudla okunobuthi . Kwenzeka uma singazi sidla noma siphuza ukudla okuqukethe i-Listeria bacteria. Kulungile, pho likuphi leli gciwane?

Leli gciwane lihlala kakhulu enhlabathini, okungukuthi, emhlabathini. Kodwa lingatholakala nasemizimbeni yezilwane, emanzini, nakwezinye izindawo eziningi. Ukutheleleka kwe-Listeria kuvame ukubangelwa yi:

• Ukudla inyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane: Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezifana nezinkomo nezimbuzi zingangenwa yileli gciwane. Uma lokho kwenzeka, singagula futhi uma sidla inyama noma ubisi oluvela kulezo zilwane ezingaphekwanga kahle.
• Ukudla ukudla okuthintene nendawo engcoliswe yibhaktheriya: Cabanga ukuthi leli bhaktheriya belisendaweni yokulungisa ukudla. Khona-ke leli bhaktheriya lingangena entweni efana nenyama esikiwe (isib. `(inyama edliwayo)`).
• Ukuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe (oluluhlaza) noma ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi eyenziwe ngalo: Ubisi olungaphekiwe ubisi olungakaze ludlule kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokubulala amagciwane. Lolu hlobo lobisi lunamathuba amaningi okuqukatha amagciwane e-Listeria.
• Ukudla imifino nezithelo ezingcoliswe amabhaktheriya avela enhlabathini ngaphandle kokuwageza kahle: Siyazi ukuthi imifino nezithelo zikhula enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, la mabhaktheriya akhona enhlabathini angawangcolisa. Uma siwadla ngaphandle kokuwageza kahle, singangenwa yileli gciwane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-Listeria akudluliswa ngokuqondile kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukwazi ukusabalala ngokukhuluma noma ngokuxhawulana nomuntu ogulayo.

Nokho, nakuba imbangela eqondile ingacacile, abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Uma besenza kanjalo, umntwana osesiswini naye angasithola lesi sifo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Listeria?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka yi-Listeria zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngokuthi amasosha omzimba womuntu anamandla kangakanani.

• Kumuntu onesimiso somzimba esiqinile sokuzivikela: Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo (ukuphazamiseka kwesisu), kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala: Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu kulaba bantu. Izimo ezinzima ezifana namagciwane aqoqana egazini (`(Bacteremia)`) noma ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho (`(Meningitis)`) kungenzeka.
• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: Okumangalisayo ukuthi uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethola i-listeria, angase abe nezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu. Mhlawumbe umkhuhlane omncane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni esibelethweni. Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangela ukuthi ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi), iphuphuke, noma ibelethe ingane ifile (ukuzalwa kwengane ifile). Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukuthola kanjani ngokunembile ukutheleleka kwe-Listeria?

Uma unezimpawu ze-listeria, udokotela uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi yini oyidlile futhi oyiphuzile muva nje. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela basola ukuthi unesifo se-listeria uma abantu abaningana endaweni efanayo benezimpawu ezifanayo, noma uma abantu abaningana abadle ukudla okuvela endaweni efanayo begula.

Amabhaktheriya e-Listeria awavamile ukutholakala ekuhlolweni kwendle. Ngakho-ke odokotela abavamile ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngaphandle kokuthi bafuna ezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka benze izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amabhaktheriya egazini, ukumpompa komgogodla ukuhlola ukutheleleka kobuchopho, noma i-placenta ukuhlola ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-Listeria?

Uma izingane eziphilile, abantu abadala abasebasha, kanye nabantu abadala bethola ukutheleleka nge-listeria, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Kufanele futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele. Eminye imithi yokulwa nohudo ayinconywa ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba ingenza uhudo lube lubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungathathi noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela kuqala.

Kodwa-ke, kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokutheleleka yi-Listeria (isib., abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka), odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotic. Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).

Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-listeria?

“Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha,” basho. Ngakho-ke, kunezinyathelo ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu, esingazithatha uma kukhulunywa ngokudla nokuphuza ukuze sihlale siphephile ku-Listeria. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Pheka inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, ingulube, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle kahle: Uma upheka lokhu, kupheke kuze kuphekwe kahle ngaphakathi. Ungayidli inyama noma inhlanzi engaphekiwe kahle.
• Pheka izikhupha zamaqanda zize zibe nzima kakhulu: Gwema ukudla amaqanda aluhlaza.
• Uma uthenga imikhiqizo yobisi, hlola ukuthi ingabe i-pasteurized: Gwema ukudla ubisi olungaphekiwe kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngalo, njengoshizi ne-yogurt.
• Faka okusele esiqandisini zingakapheli amahora ama-2: Futhi, ungakugcini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4.
• Uma ufudumeza ukudla okusele, kufudumeze kuze kube yilapho sekubheme kahle.
• Geza izithelo nemifino kahle ngaphambi kokudla: Ikakhulukazi izinto ezifana namazambane namazambane ambiwe emhlabathini, kanye nezinto ezikhula enhlabathini njenge-lettuce, kufanele zihlanzwe kahle.
• Yidla izithelo ezifana ne-watermelon ngokushesha ngemva kokuzisika, noma uzifake efrijini: Ungadli i-watermelon esikiwe ebilokhu isezingeni lokushisa legumbi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-4 noma esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-7, yilahle.
• Geza kahle yonke ibhodi yokusika, ummese, isitsha, kanye nekhawunta ethinte inyama eluhlaza, inkukhu, ama-hot dog, kanye nenyama emnandi.
• Gcina isiqandisi sakho kuma-degree Celsius angu-4 (40 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphansi. Gcina isiqandisi sakho kuma-degree Celsius angu-18 (0 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphansi. Ukulawula lokhu kushisa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwamagciwane.

Uma ukhulelwe noma usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-listeria (isib., umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka), qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini enye ongayenza ukuze uzivikele kulokhu kutheleleka. Bangase bakutshele nokuthi ugweme ukudla okuthile ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ingane yakho inesifo sohudo isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, noma inezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha:

• Imfiva
• Ukuhlanza
• Uma kukhona igazi elihambisana nesifo sohudo
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (isib., ukuchama kancane kunokujwayelekile, umlomo owomile, ukukhala okuncane uma ukhala, amehlo atshonile)
• Ukulala ngokweqile

Abazali bamazi kangcono umntwana. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye izinto ezikukhathazayo noma okwesabayo ngengane yakho ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, ungazinaki. Shayela udokotela uthole iseluleko.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-Listeria namuhla, akunjalo? Ngamafuphi, i-Listeria igciwane elisakazeka ngokudla. Nakuba livame ukuxazululeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kumuntu ojwayelekile, lingaba yingozi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, kanye nalabo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuphepha kokudla. Uma senza lezi zinto ngendlela efanele lapho sipheka, sigcina futhi sihlanza ukudla, singagwema hhayi nje kuphela i-listeria, kodwa nezinye izinto eziningi ezinobuthi ekudleni.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othile emndenini wakho angaba nezimpawu ze-Listeria, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela nokuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

I- Listeria, i-Listeriosis, ubuthi bokudla, amagciwane, ukukhulelwa, ukuphepha kokudla, izimpawu