Ingabe ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu ezingavamile? Ake sifunde nge-multiple sclerosis yobuntwana (MS)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkinga yokuhamba ngokuzumayo? Noma ingabe umbono wayo ufiphele noma awufiphele? Ngezinye izikhathi lezi kungaba yizinto ezincane nje ezivelelayo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zimpawu zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esingakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Multiple Sclerosis' noma i-'MS', esithinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini i-"multiple sclerosis (MS)" ekhula yilaba bantwana?

Kalula nje, lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela sinjengebutho elivikela izwe. Umsebenzi walo ukuvikela imizimba yethu ngokulwa namagciwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, enganeni ene-'MS', lesi simiso somzimba sokuzivikela senza iphutha elincane. Siqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana aphilile omzimba waso.

Ukuze kube sobala, lokhu kuhlasela kuhlose iSistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi yengane. Okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Imizwa ebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla inesembozo esivikelayo esizungezile, njengesigqoko sepulasitiki esizungeze ucingo lukagesi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ``Myelin.'' ``Myelin'' yilokho okuvumela imiyalezo ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha nangokushelela ngemizwa.

Ku-MS, amasosha omzimba ahlasela futhi alimaze la maseli e-myelin. Kufana nokuthi i-sheath yentambo kagesi inqunywa ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imiyalezo yezinzwa evela ebuchosheni iye kuwo wonke umzimba ivinjwe noma iphazanyiswe.

Ukulimala kwale myelin kubangela izimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nezinguquko embonweni.

Cabanga nje, ingane yakho inomngane ogama lakhe linguNilanthi. UNilanthi uqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu esweni elilodwa ngokuzumayo, futhi umbono wakhe uyancipha. Kulapho ekhombisa khona udokotela kuphela lapho ethola khona ukuthi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-MS.

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-MS. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokulawula izimpawu nokunciphisa ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside okubangelwa yilesi sifo. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-MS ezenzeka ezinganeni?

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-MS ezinganeni yi -``Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)` `. Cishe ama-98% ezingane analolu hlobo. Kulesi simo, izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo (ukuqubuka/ukubuyela emuva), zihlala isikhashana, bese zincipha noma zinyamalale ngokuphelele (ukuxolelwa). Zingase zibuye ngemva kwesikhashana. Ngale ndlela, izimpawu ziyafika futhi zidlule kuyo yonke impilo yengane.

Olunye uhlobo yi -`Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)`.Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu ezinganeni. Okwenzekayo ukuthi izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akuvamile ukwehla kwezimpawu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-MS ezinganeni?

Lapho bexilonga i-MS, odokotela banaka kakhulu lezi zimpawu zokuqala:

• I-Optic Neuritis: Lesi yisimo esibangela ubuhlungu kwelinye iso noma kuwo womabili, kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Ikakhulukazi, i-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso iyavuvukala. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe noshintsho ekuboneni kwazo umbala.
• I-Transverse Myelitis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuvuvukala engxenyeni yomgogodla kubangela izibazi, kuvimbe izimpawu zemizwa. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka ezithweni, ukungazweli, kanye nokungakwazi ukuhamba.

Cabanga nje, ingane yakho, ake sithi igama layo nguKavindu. Ngolunye usuku, lapho uKavindu ebuya esikoleni, uthi, "Mama, imilenze yami izizwa ingasasebenzi." Ngemva kwesikhashana, uthola kunzima ukuhamba. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa ye-Transverse Myelitis.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-MS ezinganeni?

Izimpawu ze-MS zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngisho nakumntwana ofanayo, izimpawu zingahluka usuku nosuku. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, kodwa ngokuvamile zimbalwa kuphela ezizobonakala.

• Ukuba ndikindiki, ukuqaqamba (i-paresthesia) : Lo muzwa ungenzeka ezindaweni ezifana nezandla, izinyawo, nobuso.
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukugcina ibhalansi
• Ukukhathala: Lokhu akukhona nje ukukhathala okuvamile. Kuwumuzwa wokukhathala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukuthuthumela/ukuthuthumela
• Izinkinga ngokugxila noma inkumbulo
• Izinkinga zokubona: njengokubona okufiphele noma ukubona okukabili.

Ngenxa yokuthi unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi ukuthi yi-MS. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka noma ingane yakho inenkinga, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela ukuba izingane zibe ne-MS?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-MS ukuqedwa kwe-myelin . Sikhulume ngaphambilini nge-myelin sheath. Ukuqedwa kwe-myelin kuwumonakalo we-myelin sheath.

Amasosha omzimba wengane yethu, ngesizathu esithile, aphatha kabi le ngxenye enempilo ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Myelin' njengento eyingozi emzimbeni. Bese iqala ukuyihlasela. Lokhu kuhlasela kulimaza i-'Myelin'. Izibazi (ezibizwa nangokuthi 'izilonda' noma 'ama-plaque' ngodokotela) zingakheka kulezi zindawo ezonakele. Lezi zibazi zingabonakala ngeziskeni ezifana ne-'MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)'.

Uma i-myelin yonakele, ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo kusuka ebuchosheni kuya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba kuyaphazamiseka. Yilokho okubangela izimpawu ze-MS.

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba eziphatha kabi kanje.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi ezinganeni ezithola i-MS?

Kutholakale ukuthi izici ezithile ezithinta umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingandisa ingozi yokuba ingane yakhe ibe ne-MS:

• Ukuchayeka ebuthi: Isibonelo, ukuchayeka entuthwini ephuma komunye umuntu, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll.
• Amazinga aphansi e-vitamin D egazini.
• Ukuchayeka ezifweni ezithile zegciwane: Isibonelo, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr noma i-mononucleosis (eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sokuqabulana).
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uphilile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha kunganciphisa lezi zingozi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-MS yobuntwana?

Izingane zingaba nezinkinga ezithile ngenxa ye-MS. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubonakali ngokushesha, futhi kungabathinta kuphela njengoba zikhula.

• Ubunzima bokuhamba ngaphandle kosizo.
• Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka.
• Ubunzima bokwenza umsebenzi wesikole.
• Ukungaxhumani kahle kwezandla.
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo noma indle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).

Akuzona zonke lezi zinto ezithinta yonke ingane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Odokotela baxilonga kanjani i-MS ezinganeni?

Udokotela uxilonga ingane ene-MS ngokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa okukhethekile . Phakathi nalezi zivivinyo, udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zengane yakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalesi sifo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kusiza futhi ukuqeda ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana neze-MS. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezifana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans (kukhona nokuhlolwa okubheka imizwa yeso, njenge-Optical Coherence Tomography).
• Ukubhoboza Kwe-Lumbar:Kulokhu, kuthathwa uketshezi oluzungeze umgogodla bese luhlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwekhono Elivukile (EP): Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini imiyalezo ehamba ngaso ngemizwa.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-MS zifana nezezinye izifo eziningi, kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola isimo esiqondile. Lokhu kungaba inkinga kubazali, futhi kungadinga ukuvakashelwa kaningi kudokotela. Kodwa-ke, uma sekutholakale ukuxilongwa okufanele, kungenzeka ukwelapha ingane yakho ngendlela efanele futhi uyisize ibe nobuntwana obujabulisayo nobungenazo izinkinga.

Ingabe izingane ezincane zingayibona i-'MS'?

Izimpawu ze-MS azibonakali lapho kuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umntwana atholakale ene-MS. Izimpawu ziyabonakala njengoba ingane ikhula. Lesi simo sivame ukuqala ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sitholakala singakafiki eminyakeni engu-16.

Iphathwa kanjani i-MS ezinganeni?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-MS ephindaphindayo (RRMS), okuvamile ezinganeni, ukwelashwa okuguqula izifo (DMT). Le mithi ye-DMT ilawula ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi inciphise ukuvama kwezimpawu. Umuthi owodwa ovunyelwe yi-FDA (Food and Drug Administration) yiphilisi elibizwa ngokuthi i-fingolimod . Linconywa izingane ezineminyaka eyi-10 nangaphezulu. Amanye ama-DMT okwamanje ayahlolwa ukuthi asetshenziswe yini ezinganeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela baphinde belapha izimpawu ezithile zengane. Lezi zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kusiza ekwakheni amandla omzimba kanye nokulinganisela.
• Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokugwinya.
• Ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwe-neuropsychological: Kusiza ngezinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ukunaka, nokufunda.

Uma lesi sifo sithinte inkumbulo yengane kanye nekhono lokucabanga (umsebenzi wokuqonda), kungase kudingeke ukwesekwa okwengeziwe esikoleni.

Ungase futhi ube nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ezihlola ukwelashwa okusha. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wengane yami?

Uma ingane yakho ikutshela ngokungezwani, izinguquko embonweni, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-MS kungcono kakhulu. Odokotela bangahlola ingane yakho futhi banqume inkambo engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga.

Ngemva kokuba isifo sesitholakele, wena noma ingane yakho kufanele yazise ithimba lezokwelapha uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo (ukuqubuka).

Liyini ikusasa lezingane ezine-MS yobuntwana?

Izingane ezitholakale zine-MS ngokuvamile zingaba nombono omuhle ngekusasa. Kunezindlela zokwelapha zokunciphisa ukuvama nobukhali bezimpawu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, lesi sifo kumele silawulwe impilo yonke. Ingane yakho kuzodingeka ihlangane nethimba layo lezokwelapha le-MS njalo impilo yayo yonke.

Ezinye izingane ezine-MS ephindaphindayo (RRMS) zingaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-secondary progressive MS (SPMS) lapho sezikhulile. Yilapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abatholakale bene-MS ebuntwaneni banezinga eliphansi lokuqhubeka kwesifo kunalabo abathola i-SPMS lapho sezikhulile.

Ingabe i-MS izothinta impilo yesikole yengane yami?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-MS ingathinta inkumbulo yengane kanye namakhono okucabanga (umsebenzi wokuqonda), ingane ingabhekana nezinselele emsebenzini wesikole. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuba okungenani nokuhlolwa okukodwa kwe-neuropsychological. Ngemva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nothisha bengane njalo. Ungathola ukwesekwa ukusiza ingane ukuthi iqhubekele phambili ngejubane layo kanye nemigomo yayo yemfundo.

Izingane eziningi ezine-MS ziyazwana kahle nezinye izingane ezingontanga yazo. Zingadlala futhi zihlanganyele emisebenzini efana nezinye izingane.

Uma unemibuzo, udokotela uzokweluleka ngokuthi imisebenzi ethile iphephile yini enganeni.

Njengomzali, ungase ukhathazeke kakhulu uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-MS. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa khumbula, izimo eziningi ze-MS ezithinta izingane ziyi-relapsing-remitting (RRMS). Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyafika zihambe. Udokotela angakha uhlelo lokwelapha ukuze anciphise ukuvama nobukhali bezimpawu. Nakuba i-MS iyisifo sokuphila konke esingenalo ikhambi, uma iphathwa kahle, ungasiza ingane yakho idlale futhi ifunde ngokuphazamiseka okuncane.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• I-Childhood MS yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
• Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, futhi zingase zihlanganise izinkinga zokubona, ukuba ndikindiki, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nokukhathala.
• Lesi sifo singalawulwa ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa njenge-'DMT'.
• Ingane ingadinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe esikoleni nasempilweni yansuku zonke, kodwa iningi lezingane lingaphila impilo evamile.
• Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ezingavamile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungesabi, ngolwazi olufanele kanye nokusekelwa, ungabhekana nalesi simo.

'I-MS Yobuntwana, I-Multiple Sclerosis, Uhlelo Lwezinzwa, I-Myelin, Uhlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa