Mhlawumbe uke waba nomkhuhlane, ukutheleleka kwendlebe, noma umphimbo obuhlungu waya kudokotela wanikezwa uhlobo lomuthi 'we-penicillin'. Mhlawumbe ingane yakho nayo inikwe lomuthi. Ngakho-ke, iyini le 'penicillin' esetshenziswa abantu abaningi ezweni lakithi? Empeleni yenzani emizimbeni yethu? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngamazwi alula namuhla.
Uhlobo luni lomuthi i-Penicillin?
Kalula nje, i-penicillin iyiqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibiotic . Ama-antibiotic uhlobo lomuthi olwa futhi ubhubhise izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingene emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngamabhaktheriya njengebutho lesitha elingene emizimbeni yethu. I-Penicillin ifana nebutho lethu elihlasela lelo butho lesitha.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zemithi ezikuleli qembu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-penicillin. Zonke lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-penicillin'. Lezi ziyiqembu elincane lomndeni omkhulu wama-antibiotic abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-beta-lactam'.
Sithola lo muthi ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ifomu lomlomo: Amaphilisi noma amasiraphu esivame ukuwasebenzisa ekhaya.
- Ifomu le-Intravenous (IV): Umuthi onikezwa ngqo emthanjeni ngudokotela noma umhlengikazi esibhedlela noma emtholampilo.
Yiziphi izifo ezisetshenziswa yi-penicillin?
Odokotela banikeza i-penicillin imithi yokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane. Cishe uke wezwa ngalesi sifo ngaphambilini. Ake sibheke ukuthi siyini.
| Ukutheleleka | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka komphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu) | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okubangela umphimbo obuhlungu nobunzima bokugwinya. |
| Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (i-Otitis media) | Ukutheleleka kwendlebe kanye nobuhlungu bendlebe kuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. |
| Izifo Zomgudu Womchamo (UTIs) | Ukutheleleka okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala kwe-urethra kanye nokuchama njalo. |
| Inyumoniya | Ukutheleleka okuthinta amaphaphu, okubangela ukukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Amathumba kanye nezifo zesikhumba (ukutheleleka kwe-Staph) | Izinto ezifana namathumba esikhumba kanye namanxeba abhibhayo. |
| Ezinye izifo ezingathi sína | Iphinde isetshenziswe ezimweni ezifana ne-meningitis, i-Salmonella, i-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, kanye nokutheleleka kwamazinyo. |
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-penicillin?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-penicillin. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe endleleni enziwa ngayo kanye nezinhlobo zamagciwane angawabulala.
1. Ama-Penicillin Emvelo
Lezi azidalwanga ngumuntu. Zaqala ukutholwa ohlotsheni lwesikhunta olutholakala endaweni ezungezile. Ososayensi bahlukanisa i-penicillin kuphela kulolo khunta bese benza imithi. I-Penicillin G (enikezwa ngemithambo yegazi) kanye ne -Penicillin V (ethathwa ngomlomo) ziyizibonelo zalolu hlobo.
2. Ama-penicillin angenziwanga kahle
Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthatha i-penicillin yemvelo bese uyishintsha elabhorethri ukuze iqine futhi isebenze kangcono ngokumelene nohlu olubanzi lwamagciwane. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo:
- Ama-Aminopenicillin: Lawa aziwa kakhulu phakathi kwethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge -Amoxicillin ne -Ampicillin . Odokotela banikeza lawa maphilisi ezifweni eziningi ezivamile, njengokutheleleka kwendlebe kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
- Ama-penicillin amelana ne-penicillinase: Amanye amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-enzyme (i-penicillinase) ebhubhisa i-penicillin. Lolu hlobo lwenzelwe ukuvimbela leyo enzyme ukuthi ingabhubhisi. Imithi efana ne-'Nafcillin' kanye ne-'oxacillin' ingeyaleli qembu.
- Ama-penicillin e-extended-spectrum: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinzima okunzima ukuzelapha. I-'Piperacillin' ingenye yemithi enjalo.
3. Ama-Penicillin Ahlanganisiwe
Ngezinye izikhathi i-penicillin inikezwa kanye nomunye umuthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanye amabhaktheriya athuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela ngokumelene ne-penicillin. Omunye umuthi uyangezwa ukuze uhlukanise lezo zindlela zokuzivikela. Kungenzeka ukuthi unikezwe umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Augmentin® (inhlanganisela ye-amoxicillin ne-clavulanic acid). Umuthi ohlanganisiwe.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Kulula kakhulu. I-penicillin iya ngqo odongeni lweseli lwebhaktheriya bese izinamathisela kulo. Cabanga ngamabhaktheriya njengendlu ezungezwe izindonga. Lokho okwenziwa yi-penicillin kuwukonakalisa lolo donga. Njengoba nje noma yini ingangena endlini lapho udonga luphukile, lapho udonga lweseli lonakele, amabhaktheriya awakwazi ukusinda futhi abhujiswe.
Kodwa kunenkinga encane lapha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amabhaktheriya afunde ukumelana nalokhu kuhlasela kwe-penicillin. Okusho ukuthi, athole izindlela zokuphunyuka kukho lapho kufika umuthi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukumelana nama-antibiotic . Lena inkinga enkulu yezempilo. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya, njenge-'MRSA', ziyamelana nezinhlobo eziningi ze-penicillin, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelapha lezo zifo.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-penicillin?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-penicillin ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Evame kakhulu yile:
- Isicanucanu
- Ukuhlanza
- Uhudo
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
- Shintsha ekunambithekeni noma ephunga lokudla
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
Le miphumela emibi ngokuvamile ayibi mibi kakhulu. Ukuthatha umuthi nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo. Kodwa uma imiphumela emibi ikukhathaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho .
Yiziphi izingozi okufanele uziqaphele kakhulu?
Kunezinto ezintathu okudingeka siziqaphele ngokukhethekile uma sisebenzisa i-penicillin.
1. Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba
Lena ingozi enkulu kakhulu. Nakuba abantu abaningi bethi bane-allergy ku-penicillin, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanayo i-allergy enjalo. Kodwa uma une-allergy, kungaba yingozi. Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okusakazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke, kanye nokuvuvukala kobuso , kungaba uphawu lwe-allergy enkulu. Esimweni esinjalo, iya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
2. C. ukutheleleka kwe-diff
Lokhu kungase kubonakale kungavamile. Uma sithatha ama-antibiotic, amabhaktheriya amahle asemathunjini ethu nawo angafa. Lokhu kuvumela i-bacteria embi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium difficile (C. diff) ukuba ikhule ingalawuleki. Lokhu kungabangela uhudo olunzima, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, kanye nomkhuhlane . Lesi futhi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Uma unesifo sohudo esibi ngenkathi uthatha ama-antibiotic, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
3. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic
Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu. Uma sithatha ama-antibiotic lapho engadingeki (isibonelo, ngenxa yomkhuhlane wegciwane), noma uma siyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngaphambi kokuba udokotela awunike umuthi, amabhaktheriya anethuba lokukhula ukumelana nomuthi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono, thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile izinsuku ezigcwele. Uma ungakwenzi lokho, amabhaktheriya asele emzimbeni wakho angaba namandla futhi abangele ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye. Umuthi ungase ungasebenzi ngesikhathi esizayo.
Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokubona udokotela?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa noma ukubona udokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo.
| Ithuba | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungawuthatha kanjani umuthi | Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuqinisekise ngokuqinisekile. |
| Uma ukuthatha imithi kunzima ngenxa yemiphumela emibi | Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka umuthi. Uzokunikeza okunye. |
| Uma unesifo sohudo esinzima | Uma unesifo sohudo esinamanzi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku noma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (izindebe ezomile, amehlo acwilisiwe), hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha. |
| Uma kuvela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba | Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuhlanza, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso , iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Penicillin iyi-antibiotic ebaluleke kakhulu enikezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ayisebenzi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane (njengomkhuhlane ovamile).
- Sebenzisa inani eliqondile lemithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphelele. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
- Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, thatha kanye nokudla. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, tshela udokotela wakho.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso, noma ukuqunjelwa, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise ama-antibiotic asele avela esifweni sangaphambilini kwesinye isifo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho