Ubani udokotela wezifo zengqondo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wezwa ngodokotela wezifo zengqondo? Ungase ucabange ukuthi abantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yengqondo kuphela okufanele babone udokotela wezifo zengqondo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi ungubani udokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuthi benzani, nokuthi hlobo luni losizo abangalunikeza.

Ubani lo dokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Kalula nje, udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungudokotela oneziqu zobudokotela . Ugxile emkhakheni wezifo zengqondo. Lo mkhakha ugxile kakhulu ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni, nasekusizeni ekuvimbeleni izinkinga nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zengqondo, ngokomzwelo, nezokuziphatha . Babheka impilo yakho yengqondo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zomzimba ezingase zihlobane nazo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sengqondo kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Kulungile, cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungudokotela. Lokho kusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukuxilonga izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, banikeze imithi, futhi banikeze ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Kodwa-ke, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuvamile umuntu oneziqu ze-PhD. Bavame ukwenza ucwaningo ngesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo noma ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha. Belapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngokusebenzisa i-psychotherapy, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-talk therapy'. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo asikwazi ukukunikeza imithi.

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo bavame ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezazi zengqondo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga imithi noma ukwelashwa . Ngamanye amazwi, i-psychology iwukufunda ingqondo, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha. I-Psychiatry iwumkhakha wezokwelapha oxilonga futhi welaphe izinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

Ngakho-ke umehluko uyini phakathi kodokotela wezifo zengqondo nodokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Umeluleki ngumuntu oneziqu ze-master emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo, njenge-psychology, i-counseling psychology, noma i-family therapy. Bayafaneleka ukuhlola impilo yengqondo yomuntu nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelapha ngokukhuluma. Isibonelo, izisebenzi zezenhlalo ezinelayisensi kanye nabeluleki bezokwelapha abangochwepheshe abanelayisensi bawela kulesi sigaba. Kodwa-ke, umeluleki akanakukunikeza imithi.

Khumbula, udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungudokotela. Angakwazi ukuxilonga izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, anikeze imithi, futhi anikeze ukwelashwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kodokotela wezifo zengqondo nodokotela wezinzwa?

Kubalulekile ukwazi lokhu futhi. Udokotela wezinzwa naye ungudokotela.Kodwa uchwepheshe ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni, nasekuphatheni izifo zobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa (okungukuthi, ubuchopho, umgogodla, kanye nemizwa). Udokotela wezinzwa unolwazi ngesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, kanye nezifo eziluthintayo.

Manje, ngenkathi bobabili odokotela bezifo zengqondo nodokotela bezinzwa besebenza ngezimo ezihlobene nobuchopho, odokotela bezinzwa bagxila kakhulu ezicini zomzimba kanye nezimpawu zesifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, odokotela bezifo zengqondo bagxila kakhulu ezimpawini zengqondo (ezihlobene nemicabango) kanye nezokuziphatha zesifo. Futhi, odokotela bezinzwa belapha izifo ezithinta imizwa kanye nomgogodla, kodwa odokotela bezifo zengqondo abelapha.

Bobabili laba odokotela bangakunikeza imithi. Bangase basebenzisane futhi ukuphatha izimo ezithile ezithinta ubuchopho. Isibonelo, kuvamile ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson noma labo abake baba nesifo sohlangothi babhekane nokucindezeleka.

Yini eyenziwa udokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo ngokuyinhloko uhlola, axilonge, futhi elaphe izinkinga zakho zengqondo, zemizwa nezokuziphatha.

Ngenxa yokuthi odokotela bezifo zengqondo bangodokotela, banga-oda noma benze izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye/noma kwengqondo. Odokotela bezifo zengqondo baxilonga izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngokuhlanganisa lezi zivivinyo nengxoxo mayelana nezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nowomndeni.

Basebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola eziku-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukuze bahlole izinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

Futhi, kwakhiwa uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe ngqo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma), imithi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimo eziphathwa odokotela bezifo zengqondo?

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo bangaxilonga futhi baphathe izinkinga eziningi zempilo yengqondo kanye nokuphazamiseka. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala kanye nezinye izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Izinkinga zokukhathazeka
• Isifo sokungakwazi ukunaka/sokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD)
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum
• Isifo se-Bipolar
• Isifo sokuphazamiseka komzimba (ukukhathazeka okungenangqondo ngokubukeka komzimba)
• Ukucindezeleka
• Izinkinga zokuzihlukanisa - izimo lapho uzizwa ungelutho kuwe kanye nendawo okuyo
• Izinkinga zokudla
• Isifo sokugembula
• Inkinga yokuqongelela imali
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa
• Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD)
• Isifo sokwesaba
• Ukuphazamiseka kobuntu
• Isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kokucindezeleka (PTSD)
• Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha
Isifo se -Schizoaffective I-Schizophrenia-ngokomzwelo `(Schizophrenia)`
• Izinkinga zokulala

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo?

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo basebenzisa futhi banikeze imithi ehlukahlukene yokwelapha. Ngokuyinhloko:

• Ukwelapha ngengqondo (ukwelapha ngokukhuluma)
• Imithi
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, isibonelo, ukwelashwa nge-electroconvulsive (ECT) noma i-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Khumbula, ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Khetha ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle kuwe. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Okunye okwengeziwe mayelana nokwelashwa ngenkulumo (Psychotherapy)...

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukwelashwa kokukhuluma' noma 'ukwelashwa' ngamafuphi, kuyindlela yokwelapha ehilela ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiwe ukuze abone futhi abhekane nezimbangela ezithinta impilo yakho yengqondo noma ezivusa imizwa yakho.

Umgomo uwukususa noma ukulawula imicabango nokuziphatha okungafunwa okukukhathazayo futhi okuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngendlela evamile. Kuye ngezimpawu nesimo sakho, lokhu kwelashwa kungaba okwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside.

Kunezindlela eziningana ze-psychotherapy:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuxhumana Nabantu (IPT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuqonda Okusekelwe Engqondweni (MBCT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokukhuluma (i-DBT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuxazulula Izinkinga (i-PST)
• Ukwelashwa Kwengqondo

Izinhlobo zemithi...

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo bangakunikeza imithi yokwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha izimpawu zamakhemikhali kanye nokuxhumana ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zezinye izifo zengqondo.

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo bavame ukunikeza imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo.

Eminye yemithi evame ukunqunywa odokotela bezifo zengqondo yile:

• Imithi yokucindezeleka
• Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo
• Ama-hypnotics
• Izinzisa isimo sengqondo
• Imithi yokudambisa ukucindezeleka kanye ne-anxiolytics
• Izikhuthazi
• I-Ketamine (ezimweni ezikhethekile)

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha...

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo basebenzisa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo:

• Ukwelashwa Nge-Electroconvulsive (ECT)
• Ukukhuthazwa Kwamagnetic Kwe-Transcranial (TMS)
• Ukwelashwa okulula kwesifo sokuzwela kwesizini (i-SAD)

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona futhi ukwelashwa okusetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu:

• Ukukhuthazwa Kwemizwa Yesitho Sangasese Sowesifazane (VNS)
• Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Obujulile (i-DBS)

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Ukuze unqume ukuthi udinga ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma cha, udinga ukucabanga ngobuqotho ngezimpawu zakho kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ungazami ukuthola isifo sengqondo wedwa. Kodwa ungaqaphela futhi uqophe ukuziphatha okungenampilo, imizwa, kanye nezindlela zokucabanga eziphazamisa impilo yakho.

Ukucela usizo ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kungaba nzima futhi kukhungathekise ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukwenza kanjalo. Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zivame kakhulu. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho udokotela womndeni wakho (uMhlinzeki Wezempilo Oyinhloko) ekutshela ngezimpawu zakho, angase akuthumele kudokotela wezifo zengqondo. Kodwa-ke, uma uthanda, ungabonana nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ngqo ukuze uthole uhlelo lokuxilongwa nokwelashwa.

Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zingaba ngokuzumayo, ngezikhathi ezithile, noma ziqhubeke. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma zithinta kabi izinga lempilo yakho, kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi udinga usizo.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu noma ulwazi, cabanga ngokubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo, noma utshele udokotela womndeni wakho:

• Ukungakwazi ukulawula noma ukulawula imizwa yakho.
• Ukuthukuthela njalo noma njalo, ukuthukuthela.
• Ukuzizwa ukwesaba okweqile noma okungavamile.
• Ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini oyingozi.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kakhulu kanye/noma udabukile.
• Izinguquko ezinkulu emaphethini okulala.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
• Izinkinga zokudla.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle esikoleni noma emsebenzini.
• Ukuziqhelelanisa nomphakathi.
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza.

Khumbula, akukho namahloni ngokuba nenkinga yempilo yengqondo noma ukufuna usizo ngayo. Uma uthola usizo nokwelashwa ngokushesha, uzozizwa ungcono ngokushesha.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uya kudokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Ukuze uthole okuningi ngokuvakashela kwakho udokotela wezifo zengqondo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuya lapho uzilungiselele. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza ukwenza lokho:

• Bhala uhlu lwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ofuna ukukhuluma ngazo nodokotela wakho wezifo zengqondo.
• Khuluma nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko ezimpawu zakho zangaphambilini. Uma kungenzeka, bhala ngezimpawu zakho nsuku zonke encwadini yezindaba. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukhumbule ukuthi zishintsha kanjani nokuthi zithinta kanjani impilo yakho.
• Uma kukhona izinguquko empilweni yakho yomzimba, sicela usitshele ngazo.
• Sitshele ngezifo zomzimba nezengqondo umndeni wakho onazo .
• Ngitshele ngendlela umndeni, abangani kanye nozakwethu abakukhathalela ngempela abakubheka ngayo.
• Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa nezinto ozisebenzisayo njengamanje. Faka konke kusukela emithini kadokotela, imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, amavithamini, izithasiselo, imithi yendabuko, kanye nezidakamizwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho wezifo zengqondo, kungaba usizo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngiphethwe yini? Ufike kanjani kukho?
• Uyini ulwazi lwakho ngokwelapha isimo sami?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngingalindela nini ukuthi ngilulame?
• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngiyathuthuka?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma nginobunzima obukhulu?
• Ubani okufanele ngimshayele ucingo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo mayelana nesimo sami?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yemithi yami?
• Uzosebenzisana nabanye odokotela bami?

Ungaba kanjani udokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Ukuze ube udokotela wezifo zengqondo, kufanele uqedele ngempumelelo okulandelayo:

• Imfundo ye-undergraduate yeminyaka emine evela ekolishi noma eyunivesithi iholela ku-bachelor's degree.
• Imfundo yesikole sezokwelapha yeminyaka emine iholela esifundweni sezokwelapha, kungaba "uDokotela Wezokwelapha - MD" noma "uDokotela Wezokwelapha Nge-Osteopathic - DO".
• Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwezindawo zokuhlala lweminyaka emine.

Ngemva kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlala, odokotela bezifo zengqondo abaningi baba odokotela bezifo zengqondo abaqinisekiswe yibhodi ngokuthatha ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe nangomlomo okwenziwa ngokuzithandela okulawulwa yi-American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Abanye odokotela bezifo zengqondo baze balandele izinhlelo zobudlelwano ukuze bathole ulwazi endaweni ethile yezifo zengqondo, njengokwelashwa kwengqondo kwezingane nentsha (okugxile empilweni yengqondo yezingane) noma i-consultant liaison psychiatry (efunda indlela impilo yomzimba nengqondo exhumana ngayo nabantu bezokwelapha).

Yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile kwezokwelapha ngengqondo?

Ezinye zezifundo ezikhethekile kwezokwelapha ngengqondo yilezi:

• Ukwelapha ngengqondo kokulutha
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo okuphuthumayo
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kwe-forensic (ngokomthetho)
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwabantu abadala
• Umuthi wobuhlungu
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwengane kanye nentsha
• Ukubonisana-ukuxhumana kwengqondo
• Umuthi wokulala

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuvuma ukuthi unenkinga yempilo yengqondo nokufuna usizo ngayo kungase kuzwakale kungaphezu kwamandla, kodwa khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukwenza kanjalo. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo angakunikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi aphakamise uhlelo lokwelashwa. Bangochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo, futhi banolwazi olusha ngocwaningo lwakamuva, imithi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza. Udokotela wakho wezifo zengqondo uzosebenza nawe ukuze anqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi noma ube namahloni okucela usizo. Impilo yakho yengqondo iyakufanelekela!

Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo, Impilo Yengqondo, Isazi Sezifo Zengqondo, Ukwelashwa Kwengqondo, Ukucindezeleka, Ukukhathazeka