Kuyini Impilo Yomphakathi? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula!

Sonke sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle nenjabulo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngendawo ekhethekile esiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho, yomndeni wakho, yabangani bakho, kanye nomphakathi wonke. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Public Health . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama ngaphambili. Ake sibone ukuthi liyini ngamagama alula nokuthi lithinta kanjani izimpilo zethu.

Kuyini Impilo Yomphakathi? Kulula kakhulu!

Manje, uma unomkhuhlane, uya kudokotela. Udokotela uyakuxilonga futhi akunike imithi eqondene nawe. Yilokho ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuvamile, okusho ukwelapha umuntu ngamunye ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, impilo yomphakathi ihlukile kancane, umqondo obanzi. Lapha, ochwepheshe ababheki umuntu ngamunye, kodwa babheka iqembu lonke labantu, noma umphakathi wonke. Babheka izinkinga zezempilo endaweni ethile, noma iqembu elithile labantu, nokuthi bangazixazulula kanjani.

Cabanga ngalokhu. Edolobhaneni, idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isifo sohudo siya ngokuya sivame ezinganeni ezincane. Bese kufika ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi bezofuna ukuthi kungani. Mhlawumbe ukuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, noma mhlawumbe kukhona ukuntuleka kwezindlu zangasese. Bese behlangana nabantu bendawo, bakhulume nabaholi bomphakathi, futhi bathole izixazululo zale nkinga. Mhlawumbe baqala uhlelo lokuhlanza imithombo yamanzi, noma bafundise abantu ngokubaluleka kokugeza izandla zabo. Uyabona? Lokhu akuzuzisi umndeni owodwa kuphela, kodwa wonke umuzi, abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufana nesivikelo udokotela wakho wezingane akunikeza sona, ngaphezu kweseluleko osithola kudokotela wakho wezingane. Kalula nje, impilo yomphakathi imayelana nokucabanga ngempilo yomphakathi wonke, hhayi ngomuntu oyedwa kuphela.

Ubani ofaka isandla kule misebenzi yezempilo yomphakathi?

Lokhu kufana neqembu elikhulu elisebenza ndawonye. Ngamunye unendima ekhethekile. Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani laba bantu?

• Ososayensi bezifo: Laba bantu bangabizwa nangokuthi "abaphenyi bezifo." Yibo abafuna amaphethini ekusabalaleni kwezifo phakathi kweqembu elithile labantu, nokuthi yini ebangela zona. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ubhubhane lwe-dengue, yibo abafuna izinto ezifana nendlela olusakazeka ngayo, nokuthi ubani osengozini enkulu.
• Ochwepheshe Bezemfundo Yezempilo: Njengoba igama lisho, laba bantu bafundisa abantu ngemizimba yabo, indlela yokuhlala bephilile, kanye nendlela yokufinyelela izinsizakalo zezempilo. Ukukhulisa ulwazi kubalulekile. Baqhuba imihlangano yokufundisa, basabalalise amapheshana, futhi banikeze ulwazi ngemidiya eyahlukahlukene.
• Odokotela Bezempilo Yomphakathi: Laba odokotela baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile kwezempilo yomphakathi. Basebenza ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi futhi ngezinye izikhathi bathatha izindima zokuhola ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zezempilo zikahulumeni.
• Izisebenzi Zezempilo Zomphakathi: Laba ngabantuBanjengebhuloho elihlanganisa abantu basemakhaya kanye nedolobha kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo. Basebenzisana eduze nomphakathi, bahlonze izidingo zabo, futhi babasize. Ezweni lethu, ababelethisi bezempilo yomndeni bayisibonelo esihle salokhu. Baya emakhaya futhi banikeze izeluleko nezinsizakalo ezidingekayo komama nezingane.
• Izazi ze-Biostatisticians: Kuzwakala njengegama elingavamile, akunjalo? Kalula nje, yibo abaqoqa, bahlaziye, futhi bahumushe idatha ehlobene nezempilo. Lolu lwazi lusiza abenzi bezinqubomgomo nabanye ukuba benze izinqumo ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwabo kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu eminyaka kanye nezifunda okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba nesifo esithile.
• Ochwepheshe Bezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ehhovisi noma efektri, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho. Laba ngabantu abahlola ukuthi izindawo zokusebenza ziyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ukuhlolwa kwabo kusiza ukugcina abasebenzi bephephile ezingozini.
• Abahloli Bezindawo Zokudlela: Uma sithenga ukudla esitolo, asikwazi ukubona ukuthi kulungiswe kahle futhi kuhlanzekile. Yilapho laba bantu beba ngababalulekile khona. Bahlola izindawo zokudlela namahhotela futhi baqinisekise ukuthi balandela amazinga ezempilo adingekayo. Yingakho singakujabulela ukudla ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ezweni lakithi, abahloli bezempilo yomphakathi (PHIs) nabo benza lo msebenzi.

Ngakho-ke, sisho ukuthini ngezindaba zezempilo zomphakathi?

Izinkinga zezempilo zomphakathi yizinto ezisizungezile ezithinta ukuthi siphila isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi siphila kahle kangakanani. Lezi zinkinga azithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Yingakho ochwepheshe befunda amaqembu athile abantu (isibonelo, abantu abavela esifundeni esithile, uhlanga oluthile, noma iqembu elithile lobudala). Bafuna ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga iqembu ngalinye elinazo nokuthi yini engenziwa ukuze zithuthukiswe.

Cabanga ukuthi bekuyoba kuhle kangakanani ukube wonke umuntu ubenokufinyelela okufanayo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuhle nasezikhungweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele abe nokufinyelela okulinganayo nokulinganayo ezinsizeni azidingayo ukuze alondoloze impilo yakhe. Asikafiki lapho okwamanje. Kodwa umkhakha wezempilo womphakathi uzibophezele ekusifikiseni lapho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lezi zinkinga zezempilo zomphakathi ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingozi ezintsha zempilo zingase zivele. Futhi, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, ezinye izifo ezaziyinkinga enkulu aziseyona inkinga enkulu. Futhi, lezi zinkinga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe.

Isibonelo, ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo zomphakathi esikhuluma ngazo eSri Lanka yilezi:

• Ukulawula ubhubhane lwe-dengue.
• Ukwanda kwezifo ezingathathelwana (ama-NCD), njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukungondleki kahle kwezingane nezinkinga zokudla okunempilo kubantu abadala.
• Ukunciphisa izingozi zomgwaqo.
• Izifo zezinso, ikakhulukazi isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKDu - Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona esingaziwayo) kwezinye izindawo.
• Ukunaka kakhulu impilo yengqondo.
• Ukunciphisa imiphumela yezempilo yokungcola kwemvelo.
• Kusenesidingo sokulawula izifo ezithelelanayo ezifana nesifo sofuba.
• Amaqembu athile abantu asengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zempilo ngenxa yokubandlululwa (njengokucwasa ngokohlanga) .
• Ukulungiselela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe zesikhathi esizayo noma ubhubhane.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Impilo yomphakathi iyindaba ebanzi kakhulu. Ifuna izixazululo zezinkinga esezinesikhathi eside kanye nezidingo ezintsha ezisanda kuvela.

Uhlelo lwezempilo yomphakathi lusebenza kanjani ezweni elinjengeSri Lanka?

Emazweni afana neMelika, kunenethiwekhi enkulu yezikhungo ezifana neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ezweni lethu, uMnyango Wezempilo yiwona mnyango oyinhloko, futhi lezi zinsizakalo zezempilo zomphakathi ziqaliswa emazingeni esifundazwe, esifunda kanye nesifunda. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngamahhovisi omqondisi wezempilo wesifunda, amahhovisi e-Medical Officer of Health (amahhovisi e-MOH). Futhi, izikhulu ezifana ne -Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) kanye ne-Family Health Midwives zivakashela amakhaya asemakhaya futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo.

Kufana nokuthi wonke umuntu uhlangana ukuze alethe amanzi edolobhaneni. Hhayi izikhungo zezempilo zikahulumeni kuphela, zisebenza nezinye eziningi. Isibonelo:

• Eminye iminyango kahulumeni, njenge-Environmental Protection Agency kanye noMnyango Wezokuthutha.
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi, izindawo zenkolo ezifana namathempeli namasonto .
• Izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo.
• Izibhedlela nezinye izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
• Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zomphakathi.

Ukusekelwa kwawo wonke umuntu kubaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni umhlaba lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi ukufinyelela khona izinsizakalo zezempilo azidingayo.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinsizakalo esizitholayo kulolu hlelo lwezempilo lomphakathi?

Uhlelo lwezempilo yomphakathi luhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene. Zonke zihlose ukunika wonke umuntu ithuba elihle lokuba nempilo enhle ngangokunokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye zezinto ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi abazenzela imiphakathi kulo lonke izwe:

• Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yezempilo: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi Ukuqapha Impilo Yomphakathi.Ochwepheshe bafuna amaphethini okuqonda izidingo zomphakathi. Isibonelo, bakhomba ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu yesifo esithile. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izindawo lapho kubikwe khona amacala e-dengue, amaqembu eminyaka, njll.
• Ukusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zezempilo: Uma kuvela ukuqubuka kwesifo esithathelwanayo, kuvela inhlekelele yemvelo, noma kuvela esinye isimo esiphuthumayo, ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi basuke besemgqeni ophambili. Baqoqa ngokushesha idatha futhi benze izincomo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele bayenze ngokulandelayo. Sikubonile lokhu ngokucacile ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.
• Imfundo yomphakathi: Impilo nezifo kuyizihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi bayasiza ekuhumusheni la maqiniso esayensi abe ngolimi esiluqondayo sonke. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuqwashisa mayelana nokudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokugoma.
• Ukubeka nokuphoqelela izindinganiso zokuphepha: Laba bantu bahlola izindawo ezidinga imithetho ethile yezempilo noma yokuphepha (njengezindawo zokudlela, izikole, izindawo zokusebenza). Bayaqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhambisana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.
• Ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo eziqinisekisa ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo ezinsizeni zezempilo: Kunezici eziningi ezingezona ezezokwelapha ezithinta impilo yethu nsuku zonke. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izici zomphakathi zempilo . Isibonelo, izinto ezifana namanzi ahlanzekile, imfundo enhle, izindlu eziphephile, kanye nemisebenzi. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi bafunda ukuthi lezi zici zithinta kanjani amaqembu athile abantu, bese bethuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba elifanele.

Iziqu kwezempilo yomphakathi? Kuyini lokho?

Yebo, kukhona ngisho nezinhlelo zeziqu ezikhethekile zalabo abafuna ukufunda lesi sihloko esibizwa ngokuthi impilo yomphakathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngeziqu ze-`(MPH)` (Master of Public Health) . Lesi yiziqu ze-postgraduate. Okusho ukuthi, ezingenziwa ngemuva kweziqu ezijwayelekile. Sinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okujulile ezindaweni ezifana ne-epidemiology, i-biostatistics, isayensi yezempilo yemvelo, ukuphathwa kwezinsizakalo zezempilo, kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo nokuziphatha.

Futhi, kwamanye amanyuvesi , ungakhetha i-Public Health njenge-major bese wenza iziqu zokuqala, okungukuthi, iziqu ze-`(BSPH)` (Bachelor of Science in Public Health) . Ngemva kokuqeda lesi sifundo, ungaqhubeka wenze i-`(MPH)`, noma ungagxila emsebenzini kulo mkhakha.

Kodwa impilo yomphakathi akuyona nje insimu yobungcweti. Ingaphezu kwalokho. Kungumzamo ohlangene wabantu abafuna amathuba okusiza abanye baphile impilo enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya kule ndaba? Ungaba negalelo kulokhu futhi?

Impilo yomphakathi iyinto ethinta okuhle kwethu sonke, inhlalakahle yomphakathi wonke. Luhlelo olulwela ukugcina bonke abantu bephilile, kunokwelapha izifo zomuntu ngamunye.

Uma ufunde lesi sihloko wabe usucabanga ukuthi, "Wow, ukusiza ukugcina abanye bephilile futhi bephephile kuyinto enhle," kusho ukuthi usuvele uzibophezele empilweni yomphakathi! Ngisho noma ungenazo iziqu noma ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, izinto ozenzayo nsuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yabanye.

Cabanga ngezinto ezinjengalezi:

• Uma othile omaziyo enenkinga yokuya kudokotela, msize ahambe.
• Ungahamba ngezinyawo usuku olulodwa ngesonto nomakhelwane ocabanga ukuthi udinga ukuhamba kancane.
• Vakashela isihlobo noma umngane ohlala yedwa bese ubapha ukudla okunempilo okuphekwe ekhaya.
• Yabelana ngolwazi olubalulekile lwezempilo kanye nezihloko nomndeni wakho nabangani. Isibonelo, ungabelana ngesihloko esinjengalesi.
• Yazisa abameleli bomphakathi bendawo ngenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi ocabanga ukuthi ibalulekile.

Impilo yomphakathi iyinto esithinta thina, wena, mina, wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, sonke sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokusekela leyo mizamo.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uyakuqonda lokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla. Impilo yomphakathi akuyona nje igama, imayelana nokuphila kwethu konke. Uma sonke sihlangana futhi sinikele ngezindlela ezincane, singakha umphakathi onempilo nojabulayo. Uyaqonda?

Impilo Yomphakathi , Impilo Yomphakathi, Uhlelo Lwezempilo, Ukuvimbela Izifo, Ukukhuthazwa Kwempilo, Imfundo Yezempilo