Namuhla sizokhuluma nge-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia, isimo esiyingozi lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokushesha kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo!

Wake wezwa noma wabona umuntu ewa ngokuzumayo engazi lutho? Mhlawumbe ebambe isifuba sakhe? Kubonakala sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngaleso sikhathi, sicabanga ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, akunjalo? Yebo, kungenzeka. Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esiphuthumayo nakakhulu, esisongela ukuphila. Okusho ukuthi, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia" njengoba odokotela besibiza kanjalo. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le nhliziyo esheshayo ngaphandle kokushaya kwenhliziyo? (I-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)

Kalula nje, inhliziyo yakho inamakamelo amane amakhulu. Amakamelo amabili amancane phezulu abizwa ngokuthi i-atria. Amakamelo amabili amakhulu, aqinile phansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle. Lawa ma-ventricle asebenza njengamaphampu ayinhloko enhliziyo. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho inhliziyo ishaya, lawa ma-ventricle ayafinyela futhi aphompa igazi emzimbeni wonke nasemaphashini. Kubaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

Ake ucabange nje, kwenzekani uma la ma-ventricle eqala ukushaya ngesivinini esimangalisayo, ukushaya okungaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu, mhlawumbe okungu-200-300? Kufana nomshini. Uma lokho kwenzeka, lawo makamelo awasenaso isikhathi sokugcwala igazi kahle. Ayafinyela futhi ngaphambi kokuba agcwale. Kwenzekani-ke? Igazi alimpompi emzimbeni wonke. Lapho igazi liyeka ukugeleza, asikwazi ngisho nokuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-pulseless ventricular tachycardia. I-Tachycardia yilapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu.

Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngoba, lapho igazi liyeka ukugeleza liye emzimbeni, izitho zethu azitholi umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okunempilo. Ngakho-ke , izitho zomzimba zingasheshe zingasebenzi ('ukwehluleka kwezitho'), inhliziyo ingasheshe ingasebenzi ('ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo'), kanti inhliziyo ingavele ime ngokuzumayo ('ukumiswa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo'). Lokhu kufana nokulwa phakathi kokuphila nokufa.

Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungaba yinto eyodwa noma i-polymorphic. Odokotela bangakuthola lokhu kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwe-ECG.

Ingabe i-Ventricular Tachycardia ihlala iyisimo esingenamaphaphu?

Cha, akwenzeki njalo ngaleyo ndlela. I-Ventricular tachycardia yinoma yisiphi isimo lapho ama-ventricle enhliziyo eshaya khona ngokushesha kunokushaya okungu-100 ngomzuzu. Ngokuvamile, inhliziyo yomuntu ophilile ishaya phakathi kokushaya okungu-60 no-100 ngomzuzu uma ephumule.

Ubunzima balo "(Ventricular Tachycardia)" bunqunywa yizici eziningana:

• Yeka ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani.
• Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani?
• Lesi simo sivame kangakanani ukwenzeka?

I-Ventricular Tachycardia ivame ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ingalawulwa, noma uma yenzeka kumuntu onezinye izifo zenhliziyo, ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi ikhule ibe yi-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Empeleni, lesi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Kodwa, siyazi ukuthi ezweni elifana neMelika, abantu ababalelwa ku-350,000 bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35? Iningi lalabo abafayo libangelwa ukujikeleza kwenhliziyo okungavamile kuma-ventricles (ventricular arrhythmias). Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona into engathathwa kalula.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngaphandle kokushaya kwenhliziyo?

Inhliziyo yethu ishaya sisebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lwezinzwa zikagesi. Njengohlelo lwezintambo endlini, lezi zinzwa zikagesi zihamba enhliziyweni ngendlela ethile, okubangela ukuba izingxenye zenhliziyo zifinyele ngendlela ehlelekile.

Cabanga nje, kuthiwani uma kukhona okungahambi kahle endleleni yalezi zimpawu zikagesi, noma uma isignali entsha iqala endaweni engafanele? Yilapho inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngamandla ngokushesha nangokungajwayelekile. `(I-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)` ibangelwa iphutha ohlelweni lokubonisana lukagesi.

Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo lungaphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile, imbangela eyinhloko yizinye izifo zenhliziyo eziphathelene nokwakheka kwazo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Isifo senhliziyo se-Valvular: Izinkinga ngama-valve asebenza njengeminyango enhliziyweni.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Isifo lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka noma iqine khona.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Ukuncipha noma ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (`i-myocardial infarction`): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yenhliziyo yonakele.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Isimo lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngendlela efanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izizathu:

• Izifo zofuzo ezithinta isigqi senhliziyo: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-'Long QT syndrome' kanye ne-'Brugada syndrome'.
• Imithi ethile: Isibonelo, i-erythromycin yama-antibiotic noma imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-methadone. Lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
• Ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte emzimbeni: Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwenani likasawoti emzimbeni wethu, njenge-sodium ne-potassium, kungathinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Uma umuntu ene-"Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia", okungukuthi, lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha ngaphandle kokushaya kwenhliziyo, lowo muntu:

• Ukungazi lutho.
• Akaphenduli lutho (`Aluphenduli`).
• Ngaphandle kokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Lesi yisigaba esiyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokufinyelela kulesi sigaba, lapho inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha (i-Ventricular Tachycardia), izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha futhi isifuba sakho siyashaya (`Ukushaya kwenhliziyo`).
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu futhi uphelelwa amandla (`Ukungabi naso isizungu`).
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu? (`Ukuxilongwa`)

Eqinisweni, `(I-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)` iyi-`isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha`. Ngakho-ke, asikho isikhathi sokwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile ngaphambi kokuyisa umuntu esibhedlela. Uma umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo, futhi kungekho ukushaya kwenhliziyo lapho ehlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kufanele ushayele isevisi ye-ambulensi ka-1990 ngokushesha futhi, uma kungenzeka, uqale i-`CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).` Lokhu kusho ukucindezela isifuba nokuphefumula ngomlomo.

Ngemva kokulethwa esibhedlela, odokotela benza i-ECG kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa lesi simo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Uma lolu hlobo lwesimo esiphuthumayo luvela ngaphandle kwesibhedlela, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukwenza i-CPR ngabasebenzi be-ambulensi noma othile oqeqeshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho:

• Ukushintshashintsha kwenhliziyo: Cishe uke wakubona kumamuvi, lapho ushaqisa khona isifuba. Yilokho okuvimba ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile bese uzama ukukubuyisela emuva ngendlela evamile.
• I-oxygen eyengeziwe: Yandisa izinga le-oxygen egazini.
• Ukunikeza imithi: Imithi inikezwa ukuze kwandiswe umfutho wegazi futhi kulawulwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Umgomo oyinhloko ukwenza inhliziyo ishaye ngendlela evamile futhi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, umzimba uhlolwa ukuthi awunawo yini umonakalo obangelwe yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa i-hypothermia yokwelapha. Uma lokhu kungenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, lokhu kwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kwabanye abantu, odokotela batusa idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) efakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze iqaphe ukushaya kwenhliziyo yabo, futhi uma kudingeka, ilungise isigqi ngokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi. Le ICD ifana nomlondolozi wokuphila kwenhliziyo. Iqapha isigqi senhliziyo amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto, futhi uma ithola inkinga, ikhipha ukushaqeka ukuze ilungiswe. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi la madivayisi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo.

Sizivikela kanjani kulesi simo esiyingozi? (Ukuvimbela)

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzama ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni eziningi zenhliziyo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza ukusiza:

• Ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunosawoti omncane, uwoyela, ushukela kanye ne-cholesterol, kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi.
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Gcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla nezinto zokuzilibazisa.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo: Okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Ukunciphisa utshwala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-caffeine ngokweqile.
• Ukugcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
• Uma unezifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi nesifo sikashukela, zilawule kahle.
• Ukuzithiba ngokuphelele ekubhemeni nasekusebenziseni ugwayi.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani lokhu uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo?

Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, ungesabi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho ngqo. Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi, futhi ubone udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uyohlolwa. Ukwenza lezi zinto ngendlela efanele kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba isifo senhliziyo yakho sibe sibi kakhulu futhi sibe nesifo esiyingozi njenge-`(Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)`.

Iyini i-prognosis kumuntu onalesi simo? (Isibikezelo)

Eqinisweni, isibikezelo sinqunywa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi inhliziyo iyeke ukushaya kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo kubuye. Uma sekwephuzile ngemizuzu engaphezu kwengu-15, ithuba lokusinda lingancishiswa libe ngu-5%. Lokho kusho ukuthi umzuzwana ngamunye uyigugu. Yingakho sithi, uma umuntu ewa equlekile, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yalokhu? (Izinkinga)

Uma inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya futhi igazi eliya ebuchosheni linqamuka imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-3-5, kungenzeka umonakalo wobuchopho unomphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinye izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Okunye ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba (`Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba`) - njengezinso nesibindi.
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
• Amahlule egazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza konke okusemandleni alo ukunciphisa lezi zinkinga futhi likusize ululame ngokushesha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Izimpawu ze-`(Ventricular Tachycardia)` owatshelwa ngazo ngaphambilini, okungukuthi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isiyezi
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha
• Ukuzizwa unekhanda elibuthakathaka futhi uphelelwa amandla
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula

Uma uhlangabezana nento efana nale, ungayinaki. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngoba kungaba uphawu lwesimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi `(Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)`.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

`(I-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia)` iyisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila. Sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha. Nakuba amathuba okululama ephansi, kuyisimo esingavinjelwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe njalo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungumqondisi wakho ongcono kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, sonke masinakekele izinhliziyo zethu. Masihlale siphilile!

'I-Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia, Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe, i-CPR, i-Defibrillation, isifo senhliziyo