Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula uma uhamba ngokushesha noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Mhlawumbe uzizwa nokuthi isikhumba sakho simhlophe kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, okuyinto esiyibiza ngezokwelapha ngokuthi i-anemia. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yalesi sifo sokuntuleka kwegazi ingaba yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesingavamile kunalokho esikucabangayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esihlobene negazi. Leso yi-Pure Red Cell Aplasia, esiyibiza ngokuthi i-PRCA ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, iyini le PRCA?
Cabanga ngomnkantsha emzimbeni wethu njengefektri yokwenza igazi. Le fektri ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu zamangqamuzana umzimba wethu owadingayo: amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo oza emaphashini ethu lapho siphefumula uye kuwo wonke amanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nenkonzo yeloli eletha umoya-mpilo.
Manje, endabeni ye-PRCA, ifektri eyenza igazi, okungukuthi, umongo wamathambo, inciphisa kakhulu noma iyeke ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuphela . Ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izinhlobo zamangqamuzana (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi nama-platelet) kwenzeka ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni lehla, izitho zomzimba wethu azitholi umoya-mpilo eziwudingayo. I-anemia enkulu ebangelwa yilokhu yinkinga eyinhloko ye-PRCA.
Yiziphi izimpawu umuntu one-PRCA angase azibone?
I-PRCA ibangela izimpawu ezifanayo ne-anemia enzima, kodwa zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu kune-anemia evamile. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathala | Ukuzizwa ungenampilo futhi ukhathele njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncane noma ukuhamba ibanga elifushane. |
| Isiyezi | Ukuzizwa unesizungu, ikakhulukazi uma uvuka endaweni yokuhlala. |
| Isikhumba esikhanyayo | Isikhumba, izindebe, kanye nangaphansi kwezinzipho kuba mhlophe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile | Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvame ukubangelwa ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo odingwa ubuchopho. |
| Ukuzwa ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-Pulsatile tinnitus) | Umsindo wokushaya kwenhliziyo uzwakala ezindlebeni ngokuvumelana nesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina) | Ubuhlungu besifuba ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo emisipheni yenhliziyo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu, ungesabi ucabange ukuthi yi-PRCA. Lokhu kungabonakala naku-anemia evamile. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungcono kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko.
Kungani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-PRCA senzeka?
I-PRCA ayisona isifo esisodwa. Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona. Ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nemiphumela emibi yesinye isimo sezokwelapha.
1. Izinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (Izifo Ezizimele)
Lena imbangela eyinhloko ye-PRCA. Kalula nje, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luqala ngephutha ukuhlasela amaseli okuqala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo enza amaseli abomvu egazi. Izibonelo zezimo ezinjalo zifaka:
- Isifo se-Lupus (i-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
- Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Rheumatoid
- Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu
2. Umdlavuza
Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nazo zingabangela i-PRCA.
- Umdlavuza ohlobene negazi: I-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) kanye ne-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (LGL) yizinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wegazi ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nalokhu.
- Izimila: I-Thymoma, umdlavuza we-thymus gland, yisona simila esiyinhloko somdlavuza esihlotshaniswa ne-PRCA.
3. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane
Ezinye izimo ezithelelanayo nazo zingabangela i-PRCA, okwesikhashana noma unomphela.
- Amagciwane: I-Parvovirus B19 yiyona eyaziwa kakhulu kulawa. Leli gciwane lihlasela ngqo amangqamuzana asemongweni wamathambo asezoba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. I-HIV, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, kanye namagciwane e-hepatitis nawo angabangela lokhu.
- Amabhaktheriya: Izimo ezifana ne-Group C Streptococcus, i-Tuberculosis, kanye ne-Bacterial Sepsis nazo zingabangela lokhu.
4. Eminye imithi
I-PRCA ingenzeka futhi njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile. Isibonelo, ama-Erythrocyte-Stimulating Agents (ESAs), okuyimithi enikezwa iziguli zezinso ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela lesi simo.
5. Ukukhulelwa
Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye besifazane bangase babe ne-PRCA ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngenhlanhla, lesi simo sivame ukuxazululeka sodwa ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
6. Izimo zofuzo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa
I-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia iyi-anemia engavamile yokuzalwa nayo. Ivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni. Lezi ziguli zingaba ne-PRCA.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni, uzokuxilonga futhi, uma esola lesi sifo, akuthumelele izivivinyo eziningana.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani lapha? |
|---|---|
| Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC) | Igazi liyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi inani lamaseli abomvu egazini liphansi kakhulu, nokuthi inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi kanye nama-platelet lijwayelekile. |
| Inani lama-reticulocyte | Lokhu kubhekisela kumaseli abomvu egazi asanda kwakheka, angakavuthwa. Ku-PRCA, leli nani liphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amaseli abomvu amasha akhiwayo. |
| Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi Okungaphandle | Iconsi legazi liyathathwa bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kuhlolwe ukuma kanye nohlobo lwamaseli abomvu egazi. |
| Ukuphefumula/Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lomnkantsha Wamathambo | Lesi yisilingo esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa lesi sifo . Isampula encane kakhulu yomnkantsha ithathwa endaweni efana ne-hip ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Endabeni ye-PRCA, amangqamuzana okuqala enza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awabonakali kuyo. |
| Ezinye izivivinyo | Ukuze kutholakale imbangela yalesi sifo, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegciwane le-Parvovirus B19 kanye ne-CT scans (ukuhlola amaqhubu afana ne-thymoma). |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-PRCA?
Ukwelashwa kwe-PRCA kuncike embangela yesifo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onikezwa ukwelashwa okufanayo. Udokotela uzohlola isimo sakho ngokucophelela futhi akhethe ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.
- Ama-immunosuppressants: Uma imbangela yesifo iyinkinga ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, le mithi isebenza ukulawula uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba olusebenza ngokweqile. Ama-corticosteroids afana ne-Prednisone ne-Cyclosporine avame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu.
- Ukufakelwa Igazi: Uma i-anemia inzima kakhulu, igazi linikezwa ngaphandle ukuze kubuyiselwe izinga legazi ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ukumpontshelwa igazi okuqhubekayo kungabangela amazinga ensimbi emzimbeni ukuba akhuphuke ngokungadingekile. Kuleso simo, kuzodingeka ukwelashwa okuhlukile (ukwelashwa nge-chelation) ukuze kususwe insimbi eningi.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma imbangela yalesi sifo kuyi-thymoma, ukwelashwa kuwukususwa kwe-gland ngokuhlinzwa (i-Thymectomy).
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Immunoglobulin: Uma i-PRCA ibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-parvovirus B19, lokhu kwelashwa kulwa negciwane futhi kulivimbele ekulimazeni amaseli abomvu egazi.
- Ukufakelwa Kweseli Lesiqu:Kubantu abanezimo zokuzalwa ezifana ne-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukufakelwa amaseli okuqala anempilo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo umongo wethambo onesifo.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
Yebo, njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngayo. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngakho konke lokhu ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Uzokunikeza neseluleko esidingekayo sokuphatha imiphumela emibi.
Isibonelo, imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ingandisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka, inyuse umfutho wegazi lakho, futhi inyuse isisindo sakho. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungabangela umkhuhlane kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka kakhulu izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Yini okudingeka uyazi uma uhlala ne-PRCA?
I-PRCA ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, lesi sifo singaphinde sibuye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa Kokugcina: Abanye abantu kungadingeka baqhubeke nokuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngomthamo ophansi ukuze bavimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabuyi.
- Ukulandelela Okuqhubekayo: Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uhlolwe igazi lakho. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone kusenesikhathi ukuthi lesi sifo sizophinde sibuye noma sizoba nezinye izinkinga.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo:
- Ukudla okunomsoco: Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo, okuhlanganisa nokudla okune-iron eningi (isipinashi, inyama, uphizi, udali). Buza udokotela wakho ngokudla okufanele wena.
- Phuza amanzi anele: Vimbela umzimba ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo. Qaphela ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Thola imijovo edingekayo.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Vivinya umzimba wakho ezingeni elingalibekezelela. Futhi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Uma uzwa nge-PRCA, ungase uzizwe wesaba. Lokho kujwayelekile. Kodwa khumbula, kuyisimo esingelapheka. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha bese ulandela ukwelashwa ngqo, ngaphandle kokuziba izimpawu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-PRCA isifo segazi esingavamile esivimba umongo wamathambo ekukhiqizeni amaseli abomvu egazi.
- Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Lokhu kungabangelwa izinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, umdlavuza, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye neminye imithi.
- Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuqinisekisa lesi sifo ukuhlolwa komnkantsha.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela yesifo, futhi ukwelashwa kungalawula izimpawu.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungaphinde kwenzeke ngezinye izikhathi, ukuqapha kwezokwelapha isikhathi eside kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezimpawu ezifana ne-anemia, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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