Uma udokotela ekutshela noma othandekayo wakho ukuthi unomdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "ukwelashwa ngemisebe" lapho ekhuluma ngokwelashwa okulandelayo. Uma uzwa leli gama, kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwe wesaba futhi wethukile kancane. "Ingabe lokhu kuzolimaza?", "Kuzokwenzekani emzimbeni?", "Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi?" Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Kuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa uma sazi kahle futhi kalula ngale ndlela yokwelapha, singakuqeda lokho kwesaba okungadingekile. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kwelashwa ngemisebe.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukwelashwa ngemisebe?
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha umdlavuza. Kusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Cabanga ngakho njengomsebe we-laser osusa ngokukhetha amangqamuzana amabi emzimbeni wethu kuphela.
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa kodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kunikezwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy. Udokotela we-radiation oncologist uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini kuwe, ukuthi kunikezwa kanjani, nokuthi kufanele kunikezwe malini. Uzohlela ukwelashwa okuhloselwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, anciphise umonakalo kumaseli akho aphilile.
Khumbula, umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kwelashwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli akho aphilile.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ngemisebe?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha ngemisebe. Zombili zinomgomo ofanayo: ukubhubhisa i-DNA etshela iseli lomdlavuza ukuthi likhule futhi lihlukane. Uma lezo ziqondiso zilahlekile, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayafa futhi isimila siyancipha.
1. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Lena yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Lapha, umshini omkhulu ngaphandle komzimba wakho uhlose imisebe yemisebe kuphela lapho umdlavuza ukhona.
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphakathi: Lapha, kufakwa into ekhipha imisebe emzimbeni wakho, eduze kakhulu namaseli omdlavuza.
Ake sibheke lezi zindlela ezimbili ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
1. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT) - ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngaphandle
Kulokhu, akukho lutho olukushaya emzimbeni. Umshini uhambahamba eduze kwakho futhi ugxilise imisebe endaweni efanele kuphela. Le ndlela manje isithuthuke kakhulu. Yingakho ingelashwa ngokunembe kakhulu, kuncishiswe umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo.
| Uhlobo lokwelashwa kwe-EBRT | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Ye-3D Conformal | I-CT scan idala imodeli yomdlavuza enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) futhi iqondise imisebe yemisebe kuyo ngqo. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Okuguquliwe Kakhulu (IMRT) | Lena indlela ethuthuke kakhulu. Isebenzisa imisebe yamandla ahlukene ukuletha imisebe eminingi kumdlavuza futhi incane ezicutshini eziphilile ezizungezile. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Okuqondiswa Yizithombe (IGRT) | Ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye, kuthathwa i-X-ray encane noma i-CT scan ukuqinisekisa indawo eqondile yomdlavuza bese kuba khona imisebe. Lokhu kwenza ukunemba kube phezulu kakhulu. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemisebe Ye-Stereotactic (isb. Ummese We-Gamma) | Lokhu kunembile njengokuhlinzwa, kodwa ngaphandle kokusikwa. Kusebenzisa umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wemisebe ukubhubhisa izimila ezincane ebuchosheni. |
| Imisebe Yangaphakathi Kokuhlinzwa (IORT) | Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa, uma kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza amancane kakhulu angasuswanga, kunikezwa imisebe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze iwabhubhise. |
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphakathi - Ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngaphakathi
Le ndlela isetshenziswa emidlavuzeni emincane ezindaweni ezifana nekhanda, intamo, ibele kanye nomlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kunikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Brachy:Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka "imbewu" encane equkethe into ekhipha imisebe ngaphakathi noma eduze kakhulu nesimila. Ezinye zalezi zikhipha imisebe kancane kancane esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa. Ezinye zikhipha umthamo ophezulu phakathi nemizuzu embalwa. Ezinye zazo zingezesikhashana, kanti ezinye zihlala emzimbeni unomphela (ukusebenza kwazo okukhipha imisebe kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).
- Ukwelashwa Okuhlelekile: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza into enemisebe njengoketshezi. Inganikezwa njengoketshezi lokuphuza noma njengomjovo ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Into ihamba egazini, ithole amangqamuzana omdlavuza, inamathele kuwo, bese iwabhubhisa.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-EBRT, kuba nomhlangano wokuhlela obizwa ngokuthi "ukulingisa". Phakathi nalowo mhlangano, uzokwenza okulandelayo:
- Ukukubeka: Uzobekwa etafuleni lokwelashwa. Unganikwa isikhunta noma imaski ukusiza ukugcina umzimba wakho unganyakazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo eqondile okufanele iphathwe izophawulwa.
- Ukuskena: Kwenziwa i-CT scan noma i-MRI ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ukuphi ngqo. Ithimba lezokwelapha lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha.
Ngosuku lokwelashwa kwakho, uzolala etafuleni elifanayo njengoba wenza ekulingiseni. Umshini wokukhipha imisebe uzohambahamba nawe, kodwa awusoze wakushayisa. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngemisebe uzosebenzisa umshini ekamelweni elihlukile. Ungakhuluma naye nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nge-intercom. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ekwelashweni kwangaphakathi, i-anesthesia isetshenziswa ukufaka izinto ezikhipha imisebe, ngakho-ke akukho ubuhlungu obuhilelekile.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ngemva kokwelashwa?
Yebo, njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kunemiphumela ethile emibi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Le miphumela emibi ivame ukuthinta ingxenye yomzimba ephathwayo kuphela. Futhi, njengoba ukwelashwa kunganikezwa njalo kodwa kunikezwa ngezikhathi eziningana njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amangqamuzana akho aphilile anesikhathi sokululama. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu imiphumela emibi.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yile:
- Ukukhathala
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Uhudo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Izinguquko zesikhumba endaweni yokwelashwa (ububomvu, ukoma, ukulunywa)
- Izilonda zomlomo
- Ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ukusha lapho uchama noma isidingo sokuphuza njalo
Bika udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okufana nalokhu. Uzokunikeza imiyalelo edingekayo kanye nemithi yokulawula imiphumela emibi.
Ingabe kukhona ingozi kwabanye ngemva kokwelashwa?
- Ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Akukho. Akukho misebe esele emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokwelashwa. Ungaya ekhaya ngokujwayelekile, ube nomndeni wakho, futhi uhlanganyele nezingane ezincane. Azikho izingozi.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi: Njengoba kukhona into ekhipha imisebe emzimbeni, kuzodingeka ulandele izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha isikhashana. Isibonelo, inani elincane lemisebe lingakhishwa ngokujuluka nomchamo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi unciphise ukuxhumana eduze nabesifazane abakhulelwe noma izingane ezincane isikhashana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ethuthukisiwe esetshenziswa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ungakwesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT), awubeki ingozi kwabanye.
- Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ingeyesikhashana futhi ingalawulwa. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nakho.
- Abanye abantu bangaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kanti abanye badinga ukuphumula. Lalela umzimba wakho.
- Kuyilungelo lakho ukubuza nokucacisa noma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho nethimba lezokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
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