Ukuphefumula nokukhipha umoya kuyizinto ezilula, zemvelo ezenzeka kithi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi sikhathazwa yizinto ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula kanzima, kanye nokuqina kwesifuba. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu esingavamile esibi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa abantu abaningi abakaze bezwe ngaso. Lokhu akuvamile ukukhulunywa ngakho. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sikhuluma ngezifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile okufanele siziqaphele.
Yiziphi lezi zifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile?
Kalula nje, izifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile ziyizimo ezimbi kakhulu, ezingamahlalakhona ezithinta inani elincane kakhulu labantu. Amaphaphu ayizitho eziyinhloko zesimiso sethu sokuphefumula. Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni uyanezelwa egazini bese i-carbon dioxide esegazini ikhishwa iphindele emaphashini. Ngakho-ke, lezi zifo ezingavamile ziyaphazamisa le nqubo ebalulekile emaphashini.
Odokotela bathole amakhulu ezifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile. Lezi zifo zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye zingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Into edabukisayo ukuthi ayikho ikhambi lalezi zifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula izimpawu futhi zinciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa amaphaphu njengendlela yokugcina.
Yiziphi izifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile ezivame kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezingavamile ezithinta amaphaphu. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo ngokuningiliziwe etafuleni. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kahle lezi zifo.
| Igama Lesifo | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. | Izindlela zokwelapha |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AATD) | Ukwehla kwamazinga e-AAT, iphrotheni ekhiqizwa yisibindi, egazini. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo zamaphaphu nezesibindi (isib. i-COPD, i-cirrhosis). | Ukwelashwa ngokwandisa amandla, imithi, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen, ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu. |
| I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Ulwelwesi olunamathelayo nolujiyile luyanqwabelana ezithweni zomzimba ezifana namaphaphu kanye nepancreas. | Ukwelashwa kokuqeda ukuminyana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, ama-antibiotic, imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme Wemithambo Yephaphu (i-PAH) | Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) emaphashini iyaqina futhi inciphe, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kwandise umfutho wegazi emaphashini. | Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela yalesi simo. Ukwelashwa ngemithi yikona okuyinhloko. |
| Izifo Zamaphaphu Ezingaphakathi Kwezitho Zomzimba - Iqembu lezifo ezilimaza izicubu zamaphaphu | ||
| I-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) | Imbangela eqondile ayaziwa. Izicubu zamaphaphu ziyaqina, ziqine, bese kuba nezibazi. | Imithi elawula ukusabalala kwesifo, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen, ukufakelwa amaphaphu. |
| Ukuzwela okukhulu kwe-Pneumonitis (HP) | Ukungezwani komzimba okubangelwa ukuhogela izinto ezisendaweni ezungezile (isikhunta, amagciwane, amakhemikhali) kungabangela ukuvuvukala kanye nezibazi emaphashini. | Ama-corticosteroids, ama-immunosuppressants, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen. |
| I-Sarcoidosis | Kuvela amaqhubu amancane (ama-granuloma) ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Imbangela eqondile ayicaci. | Ama-corticosteroids, imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, imithi kamalaleveva. |
Kungani lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi isifo samaphaphu "esingenabazali"?
Nakuba leli igama elingajwayelekile, kunendaba enkulu ngemuva kwalo. Lezi zifo zibizwa nangokuthi "Izifo Zamaphaphu Ezintandane". Isizathu salokhu ukuthi abantu abanalezi zifo bazizwa sengathi "babodwa" ezweni lezokwelapha. Cabanga nje, ngoba lezi zifo azivamile, kunzima ukuthola odokotela abangazixilonga futhi bazelaphe ngokunembile. Futhi, kuncane ucwaningo olwenziwayo ngalezi zifo. Ngakho-ke, lezi ziguli kanye nemindeni yazo zishiywa zingenalusizo olukhulu.
Yini ebangela lezi zifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile?
Akukho imbangela eyodwa yalezi zifo. Kungaba nezici eziningi ezahlukene ezibangela lokhu.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Ezinye izifo, njenge-cystic fibrosis, zidluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo. Lesi simo singase sibe khona lapho kuzalwa.
- Izici zemvelo: Lezi zingabangelwa nezinto ezisemoyeni esiziphefumulayo. Isibonelo, ukuhogela i-asbestos isikhathi eside, uthuli lwamalahle, indle yezinyoni, isikhunta, intuthu kagwayi, noma amanye amakhemikhali.
- Ukutheleleka: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta nazo zingabangela lokhu.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo ezihlasela umzimba ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona umzimba wawo, nazo zingabangela ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Isibonelo, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne-lupus.
- Izimbangela ezingakaziwa (Idiopathic): Ezinye izifo, isibonelo idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), zimbi kakhulu kangangokuthi odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani zenzeka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lezi zifo azithelelani. Lokho kusho ukuthi azikwazi ukudluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isiguli kuya kwesinye.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalezi zifo?
Nakuba izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo, eziningi zalezi zifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile zinezici ezithile ezifanayo. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukukhathazeka.
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo: Ukukhwehlela okomile noma okunezikhwehlela okuhlala amasonto noma izinyanga.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya (ukuphelelwa umoya): Ukuphelelwa umoya, ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca, uhamba, noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphelelwa umoya kungenzeka nalapho umi nje.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ukuqina kwesifuba okuqhubekayo noma ubuhlungu.
- Imisindo engavamile lapho uphefumula: Umsindo othi "chirchir" noma umsindo wokushaya ikhwela ovela esifubeni (ukushaya umoya).
- Ukutheleleka kwesifuba okuvamile: Uma unezifo ezivamile njenge-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia.
- Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo:Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama ukwehlisa isisindo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zimpawu onesifo samaphaphu esingavamile. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Zitholakala kanjani lezi zifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza imibuzo eminingi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onalesi sifo, kanye nendawo osebenza kuyo. Angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Hlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha bese ubheka izimbangela zofuzo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe | Kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kukhona yini izibazi noma ezinye izinkinga emaphashini. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wephaphu | Kukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho angaphefumula kahle kangakanani ngaphakathi nangaphandle. |
| I-Bronchoscopy | Ipayipi elincane elinekhamera lidluliselwa endleleni yomoya ukuze libheke ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Ngezinye izikhathi ingcezu yezicubu (i-biopsy) nayo ingathathwa ukuze ihlolwe. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lamaphaphu | Lesi sifo sihlolwa ngokunembile ngokuhlinzwa ngokususa ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini bese siyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. |
Uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka, kungcono ukubona udokotela wamaphaphu ngaphezu kukadokotela wakho ojwayelekile.
Indlela yokwelapha nokuphatha?
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, ayikho ikhambi eliphelele lezi zifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, zinciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo, futhi zenze impilo ibe lula.
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesiguli kanye nakwesifo ngasinye.
- Imithi: Kusetshenziswa imithi ehlukahlukene, njenge-corticosteroids enciphisa ukuvuvukala, imithi elawula amasosha omzimba, kanye nama-antibiotic.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Kubantu abanamazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini, i-oxygen eyengeziwe inikezwa ngepayipi lamakhala noma i-mouthpiece. Lokhu kunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Lolu uhlelo olukhethekile oluhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla okunempilo, imfundo ngalesi sifo, kanye nokwelulekwa. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amandla omzimba nawengqondo esiguli.
- Ukufakelwa Amaphaphu: Lokhu kungaba yindlela kuphela yeziguli ezisesimweni esibucayi ezingakwazi ukulawulwa yinoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa.
Ngingazivimbela yini lezi zifo?
Asikwazi ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ufuzo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yezinye izifo:
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Uma usebenza endaweni lapho kunezinto eziyingozi njengamakhemikhali noma uthuli, gqoka umshini wokuphefumula ofanele .
Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo samaphaphu esihambisana nofuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola ukwelulekwa ngofuzo ngaphambi kokuba nezingane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izifo zamaphaphu ezingavamile ziyizimo ezimbi, zesikhathi eside ezingaba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, ungazinaki bese ubona udokotela. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
- Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphelele kweziningi zalezi zifo, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula izimpawu, zenze ukuphila kube lula, futhi zandise isikhathi sokuphila.
- Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enalesi simo, ungaphelelwa yithemba. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokusekelwa, ungaphila impilo engcono.
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