Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu ziphenduka zibe bomvu ngokuzumayo, zibe nama-blister amancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zilume kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi kubuhlungu, futhi kuyaluma. Lokhu yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'ukuqubuka', i-eczema, noma ukuqubuka. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu cishe wonke umuntu abhekana nayo okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe. Ngakho-ke, ingabe lokhu kuyinto okungafanele sikhathazeke ngayo? Noma ingabe kuyinto okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa futhi namuhla.
Iyini lesi sifo sesikhumba (Skin Rash)?
Kalula nje, isifo sesikhumba noma 'ukuqubuka' ushintsho olwenzeka esikhumbeni sethu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhumba siba bomvu, sivuvuke kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibe lukhuni. Ezinye izinhlobo 'zokuqubuka' zomile kakhulu futhi ziyaluma. Ezinye zibuhlungu. Kunezimbangela eziningi zalezi zifo zesikhumba. Zingabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nezimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema.
Zivame kangakanani lezi zifo zesikhumba? Ubani ongazithola?
Empeleni lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu. Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongakaze abe nenkinga yesikhumba okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe. Kuvamile kakhulu ukuba nokulunywa okuncane, ukubomvu, noma ukucasuka.
Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakhe. Noma ubani kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya kumuntu omdala angaba nezifo zesikhumba.
- Kwabantwana abancane: Ukuqubuka kwe-diaper kanye nesivalo se-cradle, okuyizimo ezibukeka njengezingcwecwe ekhanda, kuvamile ezinganeni.
- Ezinganeni: Izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuthola izimo ezifana ne-atopic dermatitis. Ukuqubuka okubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-chickenpox nakho kuvamile ebuntwaneni.
- Abantu abadala: I-contact dermatitis, isimo esibangelwa ukungezwani nezinto ezithile, sivame kakhulu kubantu abasha nakubantu abadala.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zesikhumba?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zesikhumba. Kodwa ake sibheke ezimbalwa zezinhlobo eziyinhloko esivame ukuzibona. Kuzoba lula ngawe ukuqonda le mininingwane etafuleni.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Kalula nje... | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Xhumana ne-Dermatitis | Isimo esenzeka lapho umzimba wethu uthinta into ethile enokungezwani komzimba nayo. Lokhu kuyindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kuleyo nto. | I-Nickel, insimbi etholakala kumakha, izithasiselo, namacici ashibhile, kanye nezinye izinsipho, izinsipho zokuhlanza kanye namakhemikhali okuhlanza. |
| I-Eczema/I-Atopic Dermatitis | Lokhu kuvame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, kodwa kuncipha kakhulu njengoba ingane ikhula. Kungaba yifa. | Abantu abane-asthma noma ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo. Isikhumba siba soma, sibe bomvu, futhi silume. |
| Ama-Hives/Urticaria | Cabanga ngokulunywa umiyane, okushiya amaqhubu amakhulu, alumayo yonke indawo. Lawa abomvu, avuvukile, futhi ayaluma. | Kungabangelwa ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nento ethile, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ukushisa okukhulu noma ukubanda, noma ngisho nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. |
| I-Psoriasis | Lesi yisimo sesikhumba esihlala isikhathi eside esibangela ukuqubuka kwamabala aqinile, anamabala esikhumbeni. | Kuvame ukuvela ezindololwaneni, emadolweni, emhlane ongezansi, ekhanda nasezindaweni zobulili. Kungaba futhi yifa. |
| Ukuqubuka Okubangelwa Yigciwane | Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kungabonakala njengophawu oluyinhloko lwezifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. | Izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Chickenpox, i-Masles, kanye ne-Molluscum Contagiosum. |
Kungani sithola izifo zesikhumba ezinje?
Kunezinto eziningana ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zesikhumba. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ama-allergen:Izinto ezifana nothuli, impova, kanye nokudla okuthile endaweni ezungezile.
- Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Isibonelo, ukutheleleka komphimbo (strep throat) nakho kungabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
- Izimo zesikhumba: Izimo ezifana ne-eczema, esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni.
- Izinto ezicasulayo: Ukufaka insipho enamandla, insipho yokugeza, namakhemikhali esikhumbeni.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amagciwane afana ne-chickenpox kanye ne-measles.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sesikhumba?
Izimpawu zesifo sesikhumba ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela nohlobo lwaso. Ngezinye izikhathi singathinta indawo eyodwa kuphela yomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi singasakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:
- Isikhumba esomile
- Amabhamuza amanzi
- Ukubukeka okufana namachashaza
- Ukuzwa kokushisa noma ukuhlaba
- Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba
- Ukudala umonakalo omkhulu njengesidleke sezinyosi
- Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba
- ukulunywa okukhulu
- Ubuhlungu
- Ukubomvu kwesikhumba
Udokotela uthola kanjani ukuthi lokhu kuyini ngempela?
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi zezimo zesikhumba, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi kuyini. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ahlole ukuqubuka kwakho ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, bangase benze nezivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye encane yesikhumba (i-Biopsy)
Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yesikhumba endaweni lapho kukhona khona ukuqubuka bese uyihlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ibangelwa yigciwane noma amagciwane.
Ukuhlolwa Kokungezwani Komzimba
Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-allergy yini kokuthile. Eziyinhloko yi-"Skin Prick Test" kanye ne-"Patch Test". Lokhu kuhilela ukuveza isikhumba sakho entweni encane kakhulu ocabanga ukuthi une-allergy kuyo nokubona ukuthi isikhumba sakho siyasabela yini kuyo. Uma isikhumba sakho siba bomvu, sivuvukele, noma sinokuqhuma, kusho ukuthi une-allergy kuleyo nto.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi
Ezinye izifo zesikhumba zibangelwa izinto ezithile (ama-antibodies) egazini lethu. Lezi zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi izifo zesikhumba zingavela njengomphumela wesinye isifo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ezinye izitho zomzimba zithintekile yini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zesikhumba?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yalesi simo. Amanye amaqhubu angathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuphola. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi:
- Imithi yokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba:Ama-antihistamine aphuzwayo anciphisa ukulunywa.
- Okhilimu abalwa nokuvuvukala: Okhilimu abanjengo-`(Hydrocortisone)` banciphisa ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba nokulunywa.
- Ama-immunosuppressants: Uma ukuqubuka kubangelwa ukusabela kwesistimu yomzimba, njenge-eczema, le mithi inikezwa ukunciphisa lokho kusabela.
- I-Oatmeal Bath: Lokhu akwenziwa nge-oats yangempela. Kuyi-oatmeal eyenziwe ngokukhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Colloidal Oatmeal'. Ukucwilisa emanzini afudumele kungasiza ekuthobiseni isikhumba esomile nesilumayo.
- Ama-steroid: Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-steroid, kungaba njengokhilimu wangaphandle noma njengephilisi elifana ne-Prednisone. Lokhu kunganciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokulunywa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungalokothi usebenzise noma yimuphi ukhilimu ozizwa ukhululekile ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ingabe lokhu kungadala izimo eziyingozi?
Nakuba izimo zesikhumba zivame ukubangela ukukhathazeka, zingelashwa ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergy (i-Anaphylaxis)
Lesi yisimo esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo . Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba kungenzeka kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umzimba uvuvuke kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi umphimbo nomlomo kungavuvukala futhi kuvimbe indlela yokuphefumula. Umuntu onalesi simo kufanele anikezwe umjovo we-`(Epinephrine)` (`(EpiPen)`) ngokushesha bese eyiswa esibhedlela. Uma wake waba nokuqubuka futhi wazizwa sengathi umphimbo noma umlomo wakho uyavuvukala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola iseluleko sokugcina i-`(EpiPen)` eduze uma kwenzeka uyidinga.
Ukutheleleka
Ukuqubuka okuqhubekayo okulumayo kungaholela ekuklwebhekeni, okungavumela amagciwane ukuthi angene enxebeni futhi kubangele ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Uma inxeba liba bomvu, livuvuke, lifudumale, futhi likhipha ubomvu obuphuzi, kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuhle ukubona udokotela ngisho noma unamaqhubu amancane. Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, ungalibali bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha noma uye e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Izimpawu zesixwayiso okufanele uziqaphele |
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Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kuvame kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, akulona ingozi, kodwa kungacasula.
- Thola ukuthi yini ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba nokuthi yini elimaza isikhumba sakho, bese uzama ukuzigwema.
- Uma uthola ukuqubuka, gwema ukuklwebha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuklwebha kungalimaza isikhumba futhi kuholele ekuthelelekeni.
- Uma unesifo sokuqubuka esihambisana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengomkhuhlane kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.
- Kunoma yisiphi isimo sesikhumba, bona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kakhulu kanye nohlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu. Ungaqageli nje bese uziyelaphisa.
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