Ingabe ingane yakho encane izizwa sengathi ayikuthandi? Kungaba yi-Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)!

Bomama nobaba, wake wababona noma wezwa ngabantwana abancane abangabonisi uthando noma uthando kubanakekeli babo, ngisho nabazali babo? Kunjengokungathi bodwa ezweni labo. Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu, futhi kunencazelo yezokwelapha yaso. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).'

Kuyini `Isifo Sokunamathela Esisabelayo (i-RAD)`?

Kalula nje, i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' yisimo lapho ingane encane ingakwazi ukwakha izibopho ezinempilo ngokomzwelo nabanakekeli bayo, njengonina noyise. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi ingane ayizange ithole uthando olufanele ngokomzwelo kanye nokuvikeleka eminyakeni yayo yokuqala, noma yayinganakwa noma ihlukunyezwa. Izingane ezine-'RAD' zinobunzima bokulawula imizwa yazo. Zinobunzima obukhulu bokwakha ubuhlobo obuseduze nabanye. Ngokumangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noma abanakekeli bazo benothando nomusa kakhulu, lezi zingane zingase zingasondeli kubo, futhi zingase zibonakale zesaba.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezinganakwa ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo noma ezihlukunyezwayo. Kodwa-ke, singathinta nezingane ezindala. Izingane ezisengozini enkulu yokuthola i-RAD yilezi:

• Abanakekeli abaningi: Cabanga ngengane ithuthwa isuka kwenye indawo yokukhuliswa iye kwenye, noma isuka komunye umndeni wokukhuliswa iye komunye, futhi ingakwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo nanoma ubani.
• Ukuhlukana ngemva kokunamathelana: Ngemva kokuba ingane isinobuhlobo obuhle ngokomzwelo nomnakekeli wayo oyinhloko, kumelwe ihlukaniswe nayo.
• Ukulahlekelwa okubuhlungu empilweni yakhe yokuqala: Uma ingane ibhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu noma izinkinga eziningana esemncane engakwazi ukuzithwala.
• Abazali abangazami ukusondelana ngokomzwelo: Abanye abazali noma abanakekeli abenzi mzamo wokuba seduze ngokomzwelo nezingane zabo.
• Ukuhlelwa kwezikhungo: Uma kufanele uchithe isikhathi endaweni efana nekhaya lezintandane, ngaphandle kothando lobuzali.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abazali abamukelayo, bengazi okuningi ngesikhathi esidlule somntwana, bangathola kunzima ukusondelana nomuntu omusha emndenini. Ikakhulukazi uma ingane ingenaso isimo sengqondo esizinzile. Uma ungumzali omusha, ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu ze-'RAD', noma unenkinga yokuxhumana nengane yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho bese uhlola lokhu.

Ivame kangakanani i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Eqinisweni, kunzima ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani, njengoba amacala amaningi engabikwa. Kodwa-ke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wezingane bangase babe ne-RAD. Izingane ezisuswa emakhaya azo zibekwe kwezinye izindawo, njengezindawo zokugcina izintandane, zinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-RAD. Cishe ingxenye yalezi zingane inenkinga yokwakha ubuhlobo nabanye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Izimpawu ze-RAD zingahluka kuye ngengane, kodwa ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ezibonakala ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane zifaka:

• Ukungabonisi imizwa emihle: Uma benabanye, ababonisi imizwa emihle njengenduduzo, uthando, nenjabulo.
• Ukugwema ukuthintana emehlweni noma ngokomzimba: Ukungafuni ukubheka umuntu emehlweni noma ukumthinta.
• Ukubonisa ukwesaba nentukuthelo: Ukuhlala uthukuthele, ukhala, futhi udabukile.
• Ukuzama ukulawula: Bazama ukulawula izinto ezibazungezile. Lokhu kubaholela ekuphuleni imithetho.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-'Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder' kanye ne-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)'?

Esinye isimo esihlobene ne-'Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' yi-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).' Kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini.

`RAD` (Ivinjelwe)

Izingane ezine-'RAD' ziyazi ukuthi kwenzekani ezizungezile, kodwa aziphenduli ngokomzwelo kukho. Azibonisi noma zifune uthando kubanakekeli noma kwabanye. Zikhetha ukuba zodwa. Izici zifaka:

• Ukugwema abanakekeli.
• Ukuzigcina kude nezimo zomphakathi.
• Umelana nezinto eziduduzayo (isib., ukugona).

`DSED` (Ayivinjelwanga - ivulekele ngaphandle, kodwa ayivinjelwanga)

Izingane ezine-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)' zingase zibe nobungane obukhulu nabantu ezingabazi. Zingase zibalandele ngaphandle kokubuza abazali bazo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingane ziziphatha zisencane kuneminyaka yazo futhi zingase zifune uthando kwabanye ngendlela yokungaqiniseki. Izimpawu yilezi:

• Akukho ukuxhumana okukhethiwe (njenganoma ubani).
• Ukufuna ukunakwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
• Ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanele iminyaka yakho.
• Akaqondi imingcele yezenhlalo.

Isibonelo, ingane ene-'RAD' ingase ihoxe kwabanye ephathini ihlale ekhoneni yodwa. Kodwa ingane ene-'DSED' izoya kuyo ikhulume nabo bonke abantu engabazi, mhlawumbe ize ikhwele ngisho nasemathangeni abo. Bobabili banezinkinga zokunamathelana ezinempilo, kodwa indlela abaziveza ngayo ihlukile.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Akukho sizathu esisodwa esiqondile sokuthi kungani izingane ezine-RAD zihlakulela lesi simo.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kunezizathu eziningana ezenza umntwana angakwazi ukusondelana nabanakekeli bakhe:

• Ukuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa: Ingane izizwa ilahliwe futhi iyedwa. Isibonelo, uma abazali belwa njalo futhi bengayihloli ingane, ingane ayitholi uthando nothando eludingayo.
• Ukungavikeleki kokudla: Lapho ingane ingakutholi ukudla nokuphuza okwanele, okuyisidingo esiyisisekelo.
• Ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha: Uma ingane izizwa yesaba ukuthi isengozini.
• Ukuntuleka kokuhlanzeka: Ingane ihlala egqoke amanabukeni amanzi amahora amaningi, uma kungekho muntu owashintshayo.
• Izinguquko ezivame ukwenzeka kubanakekeli: Ingane ingase ingazi ukuthi ithembe bani.
• Ukunakekelwa okungaguquguquki: Uma izidingo zengane zihlangatshezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, ikakhulukazi uma ingane ingazi ukuthi kufanele ilindele nini uthando nenduduzo evela kubanakekeli.

Izingane ezincane zakha ukunamathelana okunempilo lapho izidingo zazo eziyisisekelo zihlangatshezwa njalo futhi njalo . Lokhu kwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwengane nabanakekeli. Uma izidingo zengane zomzimba nezingokomzwelo zingahlangatshezwanga kahle, zisengozini yokuthola i-'RAD'.

I-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' ihlolwa kanjani?

Ukuze kuhlolwe i-RAD, udokotela wengane yakho uzokubuza ngomlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho kanye nezimpawu eziboniswa yingane yakho. Ukuze aqonde kangcono izimpawu zengane yakho, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ingane yakho yake yahlukunyezwa noma yanganakwa?
• Uqale nini ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu?
• Yiziphi izici ozibonile kuqala?
• Ubuhlobo bakho nomntwana wakho bunjani?
• Injani impilo yakho?
• Ingabe bakhona abanye abanakekeli abahilelekile kule ngane?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-RAD, cishe uzokudlulisela wena nomntwana wakho kudokotela wezingane, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze akusize ekuxilongeni isimo sengane yakho futhi akuncomele ukwelashwa okungasiza.

Kungenzeka yini ukudidanisa i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' ne-'Autism Spectrum Disorder'?

Ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi ingane ine-'RAD', udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimbangela, ikakhulukazi izimo ezifana ne-'Autism Spectrum Disorder'. I-'Autism Spectrum Disorder' yisimo sokukhula esithinta ukuziphatha komuntu kanye nokuxhumana. Uma sibheka phezulu, singaba nezimpawu ezifanayo ne-'RAD'. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa akuyona imbangela ye-'Autism Spectrum Disorder', kodwa kungathinta ukuxilongwa kwe-'RAD'.

Iphathwa kanjani i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Ukugxila okuyinhloko ekwelapheni i-RAD ukudala izibopho ezinempilo ngokomzwelo phakathi kwezingane nabanakekeli bazo.kanye/noma ukubuyisela ubudlelwano obesabekayo nobunzima. Lokhu kwelashwa kuqinisa ingane ngokomzwelo, okubuye kusize ingane yakhe ubudlelwano obuhle nabanye. Bobabili izingane nabanakekeli bayazuza kulezi zinhlelo zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukwelapha Ngengqondo/Ukwelulekwa: Umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo usebenza nengane nabazali ukuze ayisize ithuthukise amakhono anempilo ngokomzwelo futhi inciphise ukuziphatha okuyinkinga okuphazamisa ukusondelana.
• Ukwelashwa Komndeni: Lokhu kuhilela abanakekeli abayinhloko kanye nengane besebenzisana ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezinempilo zokuxhumana.
• Ukungenelela Kwamakhono Ezenhlalo: Lokhu kwelashwa kufundisa ingane ukuthi iziphathe kanjani ngendlela efanele nezinye izingane zobudala obufanayo ezimweni ezivamile zenhlalo. Abazali nabo bahilelekile kulokhu, besiza ingane ukuthi isebenzise la makhono afundiwe ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
• Imfundo Ekhethekile: Uma ingane iyidinga, izinhlelo zezinga lesikole zingasiza izingane zifunde amakhono eziwadingayo ukuze ziphumelele kwezemfundo nakwezenhlalo.
• Amakilasi Amakhono Okukhulisa Izingane: Kulezi zifundo, abazali bangafunda izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuphatha ukuziphatha okunzima kwengane yabo.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinkinga ezingase zihlotshaniswe ne-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Yebo, izingane ezine-'RAD' zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sobuntwana bazo kanye nokuthomba ngenxa yokunganakwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, nangokwenhlalo. Lezi zinkinga zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukunciphisa izigaba zokukhula kanye nokuncipha kokukhula ngokomzimba.
• Izinkinga zemizwa, isibonelo, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD), kanye nezinkinga zokulawula intukuthelo.
• Izinkinga zokudla.
• Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Izinkinga esikoleni (izinkinga zokufunda kanye/noma zokuziphatha).
• Izinkinga ebudlelwaneni (nontanga, abantu abadala, bese kuba abalingani).
• Ukuziphatha okuyingozi, isibonelo ukuzibandakanya ocansini usemncane noma njalo.

Ingane yami izokwakha ubudlelwano obuhle ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izingane ezine-RAD zingaba nezimpawu zize zibe sezikhulile. Kungathinta indlela ezisebenza ngayo emphakathini. Ukwelashwa kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside enikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo enganeni. Kungase kudingeke ngisho nakukho konke ukuphila. Akukho sikhathi esibekiwe sokuthi ingane yakho izokwakha nini ubudlelwano obuhle. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngokusekelwa ngabanakekeli kuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani `I-Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-RAD ukusiza izingane zakhe ubudlelwano obuhle nabazali bazo kanye/noma nabanye abanakekeli abayinhloko. Ubudlelwano obuhle buyakheka lapho abanakekeli benza okulandelayo:

• Ukuthuthukisa izibopho zomndeni ngobudlelwano obuzinzile nobuphephile.
• Ukwenza izingane zizizwe zithandwa futhi zamukelekile.
• Ukusekela izingane ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula kwazo.
• Hlangana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zengane njalo.

Ngingamsiza kanjani ingane yami ukwakha ubudlelwano obuhle?

Njengomnakekeli, ungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlakulele ukunamathelana okunempilo ngokuthi:

• Ukubeka imingcele: Indawo ehlala njalo ilungele bonke abantwana. Ngakho-ke, ukubeka imingcele kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemingcele efanelekile kanye nokujeziswa okufanele, okungekona ngokomzimba, izingane ziyaqonda ukuthi yini elindelekile kuzo nokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma zephula imithetho. Lokhu kunciphisa ukwesaba kwezingane futhi kuzikhuthaza ukuba ziziphathe ngendlela efanele.
• Hlala uzolile lapho ingane yakho iziphatha kabi: Uma ingane yakho iziphatha kabi, hlala uzolile; ungasabeli uma uthukuthela. Khuza ingane yakho ngokwemithetho oyibekile kusengaphambili nokuthi ingane yakho iyazi. Uma ingane yakho isizolile futhi isilungele ubudlelwano obuhle, bonisa uthando nomusa. Lokhu kubonisa ingane yakho ukuthi ukhona lapho uyisekela, ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima.
• Bonisa uthando nokunaka okuqhubekayo: Chitha isikhathi wedwa nengane yakho. Khuluma nayo, yiculele, udlale nayo. Yibambe, uyigone, noma wenze ezinye izinto ezibonisa uthando nothando oluvela kumnakekeli. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ezinye izingane zingase zingavuleki kangako kulolu hlobo lothando kunabanye. Ukugodla uthando nothando akulona uhlobo olwamukelekayo lwesijeziso.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma nginengane ene-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa kwe-RAD zakha ubudlelwano obuzinzile nobunempilo nabanakekeli bazo abayinhloko kanye nabanye abantu empilweni yazo. Izingane ezingatholi ukwelashwa zisengozini yezinkinga ezingokomzwelo eziqhubekayo. Ngenhlanhla, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukufuna ukwelashwa kwezimo zokukhula nezengqondo, okuhlanganisa ne-RAD. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lezi zinto:

• Izingane eziningi ezithathwe emakhaya ezintandane ziphila impilo enempilo futhi ehlelekile. Akuzona zonke izingane ezithathwe njengezizalwa zine-'RAD'.
• Izingane ezike zabhekana nokulimala okukhulu esikhathini esidlule zingase zibe nezinye izici eziyingozi zempilo yengqondo kanye nezinselele zokuziphatha. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka ezidakamizweni noma otshwaleni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma umlando womndeni wezinkinga ngokomzwelo, kungaba nomthelela ku-RAD.

Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' ikhona?

Isifo Sokunamathela Esisabelayo (i-RAD) siyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa nokusekelwa kungasiza ingane ukuba yakhe ubudlelwano obuhle kuyo yonke impilo yayo, futhi kungathuthukisa inhlalakahle yayo engokomzwelo neyomphakathi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokwakha ubudlelwano obujwayelekile, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' enganeni yakho, bona udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe noma adluliselwe kuchwepheshe. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza izingane ezinalesi simo ukuthi zifinyelele imiphumela engcono.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ingabe kufanele ngithumele ingane yami ekwelulekweni?
• Yini ebangela ingane yami ukuthi ibonise izimpawu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?
• Ungangithumela kuchwepheshe noma eqenjini lokusekela elisebenza nezingane kanye nemindeni enalesi sifo?
• Ingabe izimpawu zengane yami zizoshintsha njengoba ikhula? Ingabe kukhona izinto okufanele ngiziqaphele ngokukhethekile?

Kubalulekile ukusondelana nengane yakho nokuyiphatha ngendlela emenza azizwe ethandwa. Uma ingane yakho ingakhi ubuhlobo obukhululekile ngokomzwelo nawe noma nomnakekeli wayo oyinhloko, bheka umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa oyinhloko. Ukufuna iseluleko noma ukwelashwa akusho ukuthi ungumzali omubi. Kunalokho, kuvula umnyango wokwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile, obunempilo, nobokuphila konke nengane yakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo Sokunamathela Esisabelayo (RAD) akuyona into okufanele ikhungathekiswe ngayo. Ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nendawo enothando nezinzile, izingane zingaphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo. Khumbula:

• Ingane ngayinye ihlukile: Akuzona zonke izingane ezisabela ngendlela efanayo ekwelashweni. Yiba nesineke futhi uqonde.
• Awuwedwa: Kukhona abanye abazali abadlula ezimweni ezifanayo. Thola usizo kodokotela, abeluleki kanye namaqembu okusekela.
• Uthando nokuzinza: Into engcono kakhulu ongayinika ingane uthando olungenamibandela kanye nendawo ezinzile nephephile.
• Usizo lochwepheshe: Uma ungabaza, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Lelo usizo olukhulu kakhulu ongalunika ingane yakho.

Sonke sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza izingane zethu ubuntwana obuphephile nobunothando. Masibambisane sonke ukuze sifeze lokho!

Isifo Sokunamathela Esisabelayo , i-RAD, impilo yengqondo yengane, ukunamathela ngokomzwelo, ubudlelwano bomzali nengane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane, ukunganakwa, intuthuko yengane