Ubuwazi lezi zinto ngamathe? Ake sixoxe!

Wake wacabanga ngokujulile ngamathe emlonyeni wakho? Mhlawumbe akunjalo, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi la mathe awuketshezi olumangalisayo oludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Uma sikhuluma, lapho sidla, lapho sijabulela, konke lokhu akuhlukaniseki nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amathe. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngala mathe, okungukuthi `(amathe)`, ngemininingwane ethe xaxa .

Kuyini amathe? Kalula nje...

Amathe awuketshezi olunamanzi olukhishwa yizindlala zamathe (ezibizwa nangokuthi izindlala zamathe) emlonyeni wakho. Sivame ukuwabiza ngokuthi “amathe” noma “itshoki.” Nakuba ikakhulukazi kungamanzi, aqukethe nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, njengeprotheni nama-enzyme.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bahlola amathe akho ukuze bathole ngempilo yakho. Isibonelo, bangahlola amazinga akho e-cortisol, ukuthi ngabe usebenzise yini imithi ethile (ezivivinyweni zemithi), nokuthi ngabe unamagciwane afana ne-HIV noma ezinye izifo. Akumangalisi lokho?

Ziyini izinzuzo zamathe emzimbeni wethu?

Amathe awayona nje into ewuketshezi. Asiza kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela empilweni yethu yomlomo, kodwa nasempilweni yethu iyonke. Bheka lezi zinzuzo.

Kusiza ukugcina umlomo nomphimbo kumanzi futhi kukhululekile

Amathe asiza ukugcina ulwelwesi oluthambile (i-mucosae) emlonyeni wakho lumanzi futhi lunganamatheli ndawonye. Akha futhi ungqimba oluvikelayo emlonyeni wakho, oluwuvikela ezintweni eziyingozi njengebhaktheriya , ubuthi kanye nokulimala.

Kwenza ukudla nokugwinya kube lula

Cabanga ukuthi kungaba nzima kangakanani ukugwinya ukudla okudlayo ukube komile. Amathe ayamanzisa ukudla, akwenze kube yibhola elincane (`(bolus)`), futhi enze kube lula ukudlulisa emphinjeni, okungukuthi, nge-esophagus (`(esophagus)`) bese kungena esiswini (`(esiswini)`). Ngaphandle kwamathe, ukugwinya ukudla kungaba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Inqubo yokugaya ukudla iqala.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ukugaya kuqala emlonyeni? Kukhona i-enzyme ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-amylase ematheni. Yilokhu okuqala ukugaya ukudla okunesitashi (isib. ilayisi, isinkwa) esikudlayo. Lokhu kusiza isisu.

Kuvikela ezifweni

Amathe aqukethe enye i-enzyme ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-lysozyme . Lokhu kubhubhisa izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane futhi kuvimbele ukusabalala okungafuneki kwamagciwane emlonyeni. Ngamanye amazwi, kusebenza njengesivikelo semvelo somlomo wethu.

Ivikela amazinyo

Amathe nawo enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu emazinyweni ethu. I-calcium hydroxyapatite ematheniLe nhlanganisela ivimbela ukulahleka kwe-calcium emazinyweni (`(demineralization)`). Amathe ayasiza futhi ekuhlanzeni izinhlayiya zokudla ezisele ngemva kokudla. Futhi, amathe ayasiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo emazinyweni ngenxa yokudla okune-asidi esikudlayo. Konke lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yemifantu (`(imifantu)`) kanye nesifo sezinsini (`(isifo sezinsini)`).

Kugcina i-pH yomlomo ilinganisela

Amathe asiza ukugcina i-pH (isilinganiso se-acidity/alkalinity) emilonyeni yethu phakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5. Uma sidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla, amanani e-pH alokho kudla ayahlukahluka. Amathe asiza ukubuyisela i-pH yomlomo ezingeni elifanele ngemva kokugwinya ukudla.

Kusiza ekwelapheni izilonda emlonyeni

Uma usikeka ngaphakathi esihlathini sakho noma inxeba elincane emlonyeni wakho, amathe angasiza ukuthi aphole ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanye amaprotheni nezinto ezikhula ematheni ziyasiza ekuvuseleleni izicubu futhi zisheshise ukuphola kwamanxeba.

Kusiza ukunambitha ukudla

Ukuze ukudla okomile kunambitheke kahle, kudingeka kube manzi. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ama-nambitha olimini lwethu angakwazi ukubona ukunambitheka. Lo mswakama unikezwa ngamathe.

Akumangalisi yini ukuthi amathe angayenzela imizimba yethu okungakanani? Kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, kodwa bheka ukuthi kuyenza kangakanani!

La mathe akheka kanjani? Avelaphi?

Amathe akhiqizwa, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yizindlala zamathe emlonyeni wakho. Lawa ma-gland enza amathe bese ewakhipha emlonyeni wakho ngemigudu emincane (imigudu).

Sinezinhlayiya ezintathu ezinkulu zamathe:

• Izindlala ze-Parotid: Lezi zitholakala phambi kwezindlebe zakho, eduze kwezihlathi zakho. Lezi yizindlala ezinkulu kakhulu zamathe . Amathe avela kulezi zindlala aphuma emlonyeni wakho eduze kwezihlathi zakho eziphezulu.
• Izindlala ezingaphansi komhlathi: Lezi zitholakala emhlathini wakho ongezansi. Amathe avela kulezi zindlala aphuma emlonyeni wakho ngaphansi kolimi lwakho.
• Izindlala ezingaphansi kolimi: Lezi zitholakala ngaphansi kolimi lwakho, phansi komlomo wakho. Amathe avela kulezi zindlala aphuma emlonyeni wakho ngaphansi kolimi lwakho.

Lezi zindlala ezintathu ezinkulu zikhiqiza u-90% wamathe ethu aphelele. U-10% osele uvela kwezinye izindlala ezincane zamathe ezingamakhulu emlonyeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala ukhiqiza amalitha angu-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 (okungukuthi phakathi kwezinkomishi ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha) ngosuku.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kulawulwa kanjani?

Ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kulawulwa kakhulu yi -Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).Lolu uhlelo olulawula imisebenzi yomzimba wethu engahleliwe (njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo) esingacabangi ngayo. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kokubili lapho silele nalapho sivukile.

Izingxenye ezimbili zesimiso sezinzwa esizimele zithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamathe:

• Uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelana: Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi lapho sizizwa sicindezelekile noma sesaba. Sikubiza ngokuthi impendulo "yokulwa noma yokubaleka". Uma lolu hlelo luvuselelwa, lukhiqiza amathe aqinile, anamathelayo. Uyakhumbula lapho uzizwa umlomo wakho womile lapho wesaba noma ukhathazekile? Yingakho.
• Isimiso sezinzwa se-Parasympathetic: Lokhu kwenza okuphambene nohlelo lwangaphambilini. Sinesibopho sezinqubo zomzimba "zokuphumula nokugaya". Uma lolu hlelo lukhuthazwa, lukhiqiza amathe amaningi anamanzi namanzi. Lolu hlobo lwamathe yilona olwenza kube lula ukudla nokugwinya ukudla.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhuthazwa kwesimiso sezinzwa se-parasympathetic kunomphumela omkhulu futhi ohlala isikhathi eside ekukhiqizweni kwamathe.

Ingabe ezinye izinto zithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamathe?

Yebo, ezinye izinto zansuku zonke kanye nokudla nakho kuthinta inani lamathe akhiqizwayo.

• Uma udla ukudla okumuncu , izindlala zakho zamathe zikhiqiza amathe amaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudla okumuncu kune-asidi eningi. Ngakho-ke, amathe engeziwe ayayinciphisa i-asidi, anciphise umonakalo ongayenza emazinyweni akho nasesimisweni sokugaya ukudla.
• Uma ucabanga ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla okuthandayo, umlomo wakho uqala ukukhafula amathe, akunjalo? Lokho kuhlobene nalokhu.
• Izindlala zamathe zisebenza kakhulu emini. Ebusuku, ukuvuza kwamathe kuncipha kakhulu. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinqubo ehlobene nesigqi semvelo sansuku zonke somzimba wethu (`(isigqi se-circadian)`).

Yini equkethwe amathe?

Amathe angama-99% amanzi, kanti i-1% esele ingamaprotheni, ama-electrolyte , nezinye izinto.

Abacwaningi bathole izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 zamaprotheni ematheni. Kodwa-ke, cishe yi-10% kuphela yazo ekhona iningi. Lawa maprotheni angama-molecule amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi enza imisebenzi eminingi ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaprotheni atholakala ematheni:

• I-Amylase: Lena yi-enzyme esikhulume ngayo ngaphambilini esiza ekugayeni ama-carbohydrate. Ikhiqizwa kakhulu yi-pancreas kanye nezindlala zamathe.
• Ama-peptide acebile nge-proline (ama-PRP): Lawa umndeni omkhulu wamaprotheni amathe akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-parotid kanye ne-submandibular. Akha cishe u-70% wamaprotheni aphelele ematheni. Isibonelo, ama-PRP ane-acid akha ifilimu evikelayo (i-pellicle) ebusweni bamazinyo.
• Ama-peptide okuzivikela kombungazi: Lawa ayingxenye yesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela. Abalulekile ekulweni nezifo kanye nokuvuvukala.
• Ama-Mucin: Lawa maprotheni amakhulu agcina izinto ezingaphakathi emlonyeni, njengolimi nezinsini, zishelela (zigcoba). Asebenza njengesivikelo esibonakalayo sokuvikela amagciwane ayingozi, isikhunta, kanye namagciwane.
• I-IgA eyimfihlo: Lena i-antibody. Ibopha futhi ilawule amagciwane ayingozi (amagciwane) kanye namagciwane angenangozi (amagciwane avamile) emlonyeni. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yethu yokuzivikela.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amathe aqukethe nezinye izingxenye eziphilayo:

• I-glucose (ushukela)
• I-Urea (imfucuza)
• I-Cortisol ("i-hormone yokucindezeleka")
• Ama-hormone ocansi (isb. i-estrogen, i-testosterone)
• Izinto ezithile ezihambisana nohlobo lwegazi lakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezivamile ezihambisana namathe?

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa (isib. imithi ethile, ukwelashwa ngemisebe) kungathinta inani kanye nekhwalithi yamathe akho.

Izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko zamathe yi-hyposalivation kanye ne-hypersalivation. Kulezi, i-hyposalivation yiyona evame kakhulu. Zombili lezi zimo zingaba zesikhashana noma ezingamahlalakhona.

Ukwehla kwamathe (hyposalivation)

Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlala zakho zamathe azikhiqizi amathe anele. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-xerostomia , okusho umlomo owomile .

Kwenzekani uma amathe ehla?

Uma ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kuncipha, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene :

• Umoya omubi (halitosis)
• Ukungakhululeki komlomo nomphimbo
• Izinkinga zempilo yomlomo: imigodi, ukubola kwamazinyo, nezinye izifo zomlomo
• Ukungakhululeki kulabo abagqoka amazinyo okufakelwa
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuncipha kwamathe?

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyimbangela enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho:

• Ezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Isibonelo, i-Sjögren's syndrome, i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: `(HIV)`, i-hepatitis C`(i-hepatitis C)`.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini aqhubeke ekhuphuka, okuholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo owomile ungaba umphumela omubi wemithi engaphezu kuka-500 . Eminye yemithi evame kakhulu ebangela umlomo owomile ihlanganisa:

• Imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka kanye nemithi yokucindezeleka.
• Imithi Yokulwa Nezinso: Le mithi inikezwa izimo eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukungalawuleki komchamo, ukusebenza kwesinyi ngokweqile, kanye ne-COPD.
• Ama-antihistamine, ama-decongestant, kanye neminye imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, njenge-beta-blockers.
• Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali yomdlavuza.
• Imithi yesifo sikaParkinson.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokuncipha kwamathe.

Ukwanda kwamathe (ukwanda kwamathe)

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-sialorrhea . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izindlala zamathe zikhiqiza amathe amaningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuza amathe. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuza amathe ngokweqile akuyona yodwa imbangela yokuvuza amathe. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma imisipha ethile emlonyeni noma emphinjeni ibuthakathaka. Lesi futhi yisona sizathu esenza izingane zivuza amathe.

Kwenzekani uma amathe eningi kakhulu?

Uma ukuvuza amathe kunzima noma kuthatha isikhathi eside, kungabangela izinkinga zempilo. Isibonelo, kungabangela isimo sesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi i-angular cheilitis, esibangela izilonda ezibuhlungu neziqhekekile emakhoneni omlomo. Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, amathe amaningi angangena emigudwini yomoya (i-aspiration), okubangela ukuminyana noma i-aspiration pneumonia .

Yiziphi izimbangela zokwanda kwamathe?

Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo, ingabangela ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile njengomphumela ongemuhle. Isibonelo umuthi i-Clozapine.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimo zingabangela ukwanda kwamathe:

• Imigodi engalashwanga: Imigodi ingabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhule emlonyeni, okungashukumisa izindlala zamathe ukuthi zikhiqize amathe amaningi ngenhloso yokuhlanza umlomo.
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-asidi yesisu ibuyela phezulu e-esophagus. Izindlala zamathe zibe sezikhiqiza amathe amaningi ukuvimbela i-asidi ukuthi ingaphinde ibuyele emlonyeni.
• Isicanucanu: Uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuhlanza, izindlala zakho zamathe zikhiqiza amathe amaningi ukuze zizame ukuvimbela i-asidi yesisu ehambisana nokuhlanza ukuthi ingonakalisi ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho.
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kunganda okwesikhashana. Izindlala zamathe ziyakhuthazeka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi, isicanucanu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singabangela ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kwande.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela uma unenkinga yamathe?

Uma unomlomo owomile noma ukhipha amathe amaningi, futhi kuqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Angakuhlola, enze ezinye izivivinyo uma kudingeka, bese ethola imbangela eyinhloko. Bangabe sebencoma ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kungani amathe ami ezwakala ejiyile?

Amathe aba makhulu futhi anamathele, ngokuvamile lapho okuqukethwe kwawo kwamanzi kwehla. Ngezinye izikhathi, lo muzwa "oqinile" futhi "onamathelayo" ungazwakala nalapho amathe exutshwa ne-mucus.

Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Izinto ezifana nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukubhema, kanye nokungezwani komzimba okungapheli. Into eyinhloko okufanele uyenze ukuze unciphise ukujiya kwamathe akho ukuphuza amanzi amaningi. Kodwa-ke, uma une-saliva ejiyile engapheli, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela. Kungase kube nenye imbangela eyisisekelo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Amathe yinto esingayicabangi kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi sinawo amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ayinto ematasa kakhulu ebalulekile empilweni yethu. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana namathe akho noma impilo yomlomo, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakusiza.

Umlomo onempilo uyisiqalo esihle somzimba onempilo! Ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukubaluleka kwamathe.

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Amathe , izindlala zamathe, impilo yomlomo, umlomo owomile, ukwanda kwamathe, ukugaya ukudla