Uke waphawula into efana neqhubu elincane endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho muva nje? Mhlawumbe alibuhlungu ngisho. Noma ingabe ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo engalweni, emlenzeni, noma emalungeni? Ngokuvamile asizinaki izinto ezinjengalezi, akunjalo? Sicabanga ukuthi, "Mhlawumbe kumane kuyiqhubu elinamafutha" noma "Kumelwe ukuba lishaywe ndawana thile." Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nesibonakaliso esincane esinjengalesi singaba uphawu lohlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kodwa olubalulekile olubizwa ngokuthi ' i-Sarcoma .' Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kusukela ekuqaleni, kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-sarcoma?
I-Sarcoma iyisimila esibi esikhula emathanjeni noma ezicutshini zomzimba wethu. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izicubu ezithambile. Okungukuthi, izicubu ezisekela futhi zixhumanise ezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni wethu.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Imisipha
- Izicubu zamafutha (Amafutha)
- Ama-Tendon
- I-cartilage
- Ama-Ligaments
- Imithambo yegazi
- Imizwa
Lezi yizicubu ezithambile zomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke i-sarcoma ingavela noma kuphi kulezi zindawo.
I-Sarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile . I-Sarcoma ibangela u-1% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, ibangela cishe u-15% wabo bonke umdlavuza ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Kukuphi emzimbeni lapho ama-sarcomas avame ukwenzeka khona?
Nakuba lo mdlavuza ungavela noma kuphi kusukela ekhanda kuya ezinzwaneni, kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho uvame khona. Cabanga, kuma-sarcomas ayi-100 aqalayo:
- Amacala angu-40% ayenzeka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba, njengemilenze yethu , amaqakala kanye nezinyawo .
- Amaphesenti angu-15 avela emaphethelweni aphezulu, njengamahlombe , izingalo, izihlakala kanye neminwe .
- Cishe ama -30% awo akhula esiqwini sethu, esifubeni, esiswini, noma ethangeni .
- Amanye ama -15% atholakala endaweni yekhanda nentamo .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-sarcoma?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ezahlukene ngaphakathi kweqembu elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-sarcomas. Kodwa ake siwahlukanise ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-sarcomas amathambo kanye nama-sarcomas athambile ezicubu.
| Uhlobo lwe-sarcoma | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ama-Sarcomas Amathambo | Lezi umdlavuza oqala ngqo emathanjeni. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'i-primary bone sarcoma'. Zivame kakhulu kubantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 kanye nasezinganeni. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
|
| Ama-Sarcomas Ezicubu Ezithambile | Lezi umdlavuza oqala ezicutshini ezithambile njengemisipha namafutha. Zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala kune-bone sarcoma. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo (isibonelo, i-rhabdomyosarcoma) zingakhula nasezinganeni. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
|
Okubalulekile: Ngezinye izikhathi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqale kwenye indawo (njengephaphu, ibele, noma i-thyroid) angasakazekela emathanjeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wamathambo osakazekile. Lolu akulona uhlobo lwe-sarcoma. Lumane nje luhlobo lomdlavuza osakazekele emathanjeni.
Kungani le sarcoma ikhula? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, imbangela eqondile yokuthi kungani iseli eliphilile liba yiseli lomdlavuza ngokuzumayo ayaziwa. Kalula nje, i-DNA yamaseli akha amathambo ethu noma izicubu ezithambile iyashintsha (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo), okubangela ukuba lawo maseli ahlukane ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki.Lokhu kuqongelela kwamangqamuzana yilokho esikubona njengesimila. Uma kungelashwa, lawa maseli omdlavuza angahamba egazini noma ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic futhi asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Metastasis)`.
Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana eziye zatholakala ezikhulisa ingozi yokuthola i-sarcoma.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Amakhemikhali | Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-arsenic, amanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekwenzeni amapulasitiki (i-vinyl chloride), imithi yokubulala ukhula, kanye nezilondolozi zokhuni. |
| Imisebe | Njengoba ngike ngathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngomthamo ophezulu ngaphambilini njengokwelashwa kwesinye isimo somdlavuza. |
| I-Lymphedema | Ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside okubangelwa ukunqwabelana koketshezi lwe-lymph ezingalweni noma emilenzeni. |
| Izimo zofuzo | Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa (isb., i-Neurofibromatosis type 1, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome) zingandisa ingozi. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-sarcoma?
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Ngoba izimpawu ze-sarcoma ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isimila sikuphi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu nhlobo ezigabeni zokuqala.
Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:
- Ukukhula okusha: Lokhu kukhula kungaba buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu. Kungase kuzwakale njengeqhubu elingenabuhlungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Ubuhlungu: Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo engalweni, emlenzeni, esiswini, noma endaweni ye-pelvic. Kwabanye abantu, lobu buhlungu bungaba bubi kakhulu ebusuku.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba: Isimila singaba sikhulu futhi sicindezele ilunga noma imisipha, okwenza kube nzima ukugoba noma ukuqondisa ingalo noma umlenze kahle.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukuhlungu obusemhlane.
Lezi zimpawu zivamile kwezinye izimo eziningi, ngakho ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi yi-sarcoma ngoba nje unesinye salezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona into efana nale, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho bese uyahlolwa.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu njenge-sarcoma?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uma kukhona isimila, uzohlola ubukhulu baso kanye nohlobo lwaso. Ngemva kwalokho, angakuthumela ukuze uyohlolwa kaningana ukuze athole lesi sifo ngokuqiniseka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuhlola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka emathanjeni nasezicutshini ezithambile.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Ikhompyutha ihlanganisa izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze idale izithombe zomzimba ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene. Lokhu kunganikeza isithombe esicacile sesimila.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusebenzisa insimu yamagnetic kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zangaphakathi lomzimba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekubhekeni izimila ezicutshini ezithambile.
- I-Biopsy: Lolu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqinisekile. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye encane yezicubu esigaxeni ngokuhlinzwa noma ngenaliti ekhethekile bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope elabhorethri. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza, i-sarcoma, nokuthi uluhlobo luni.
Ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-PET scan noma i-bone scan nazo zinganconywa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-sarcoma?
Ukwelashwa kwe-Sarcoma akuyona into engenziwa udokotela oyedwa eyedwa. Kudinga ithimba lochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengodokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, kanye nabelaphi bemisebe, ukuthi bahlangane ukuze banqume uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu.
Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nalezi:
- Uhlobo lwe-sarcoma.
- Usayizi nendawo yesimila.
- Impilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwama-sarcomas amaningi ukuhlinzwa. Umgomo uwukususa ngokuphelele isimila. Isimila sisuswa kanye nomkhawulo omncane wezicubu ezinempilo ezizungeze isimila. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza amancane ukuthi angasali. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kukhona isimila esikhulu engalweni noma emlenzeni, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile ukuze kusindiswe isitho (ukusindisa izitho). Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, lapho isitho singakwazi ukusindiswa, ukunqunywa kungadingeka.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila noma kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi ekhethekile yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha noma ukuvimba ukukhula kwawo. Le mithi inganikezwa ngemithambo noma njengamaphilisi.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje ezifana nokwelashwa okuqondiwe, okuhlasela kuphela ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza, kanye ne-immunotherapy, evuselela amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza, manje sekusetshenziswa.
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubona udokotela?
I-Sarcoma yisifo esingelapheka ngempumelelo uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ungalibali futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha ezimweni ezilandelayo.
Uma uneqhubu elisha emzimbeni wakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi libuhlungu noma cha, ikakhulukazi uma likhulu kunebhola legalofu (cishe amasentimitha ama-5), noma uma liqhubeka nokukhula, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Futhi, uma kukhona ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ethanjeni engalweni noma emlenzeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ungabushayi indiva.
I-Sarcoma akuyona umdlavuza owodwa, kodwa yiqembu lomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kanye nokubikezela kwesifo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngohlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ekhathazekile ngalokhu, kungcono ukubona uchwepheshe ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Sarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile oluvela emathanjeni nasezicutshini ezithambile.
- Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela nganoma yisiphi isigaxa esisha, esikhulayo, noma esikhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ungasinaki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibuhlungu noma cha.
- Isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthola lesi sifo ngokuqinisekile yi-biopsy.
- Izindlela zokwelapha (ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, i-chemotherapy) zinqunywa ngamunye ngokwesiguli kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqala ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela ephumelelayo.
I-Sarcoma, umdlavuza, izimila zomzimba, umdlavuza wamathambo, umdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile, izimpawu zomdlavuza
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