Wake waba nokusabela okungajwayelekile kokungezwani komzimba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi? Kungaba ukugula kwegazi!

Wake wathatha umuthi, kwathi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe isonto noma amabili, wavele waba nezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, kanye nomkhuhlane? Ngaleso sikhathi, sicabanga ukuthi, "O, kukhona okungenzekile kimi." Mhlawumbe lokhu kuwukusabela kokungezwani komzimba okubambezelekile emuthini owuthathile. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukugula nge-serum. Ungakhathazeki, yilokhu esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.

Kuyini ukugula kwe-serum? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, ukugula nge-serum kuyindlela yokusabela kwesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba olusivikela ezifweni, emithini ethile. Uhlelo lokuzivikela lubona le mithi njengezinto zakwamanye amazwe (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antigen) ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke, luqala ukusabela ngokumelene nayo.

Lokhu ukusabela okubambezelekile. Ungase ungabi nalezi zimpawu isonto kuya emavikini amathathu ngemva kokusebenzisa umuthi. Kodwa-ke, uma usube nalokhu kusabela, uma usebenzisa umuthi futhi, izimpawu zingase zivele zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela sihileleke kanjani kulokhu? (Indlela Yokugula Kwegazi)

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho amasosha omzimba wethu esabela khona kokuthile okuvela ngaphandle (sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Antigen"). Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Hypersensitivity Reactions". Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zalokhu. Ukugula kwe-Serum kuyindlela yokusabela "yohlobo 3".

Cabanga nje, kukhona umnyango wamaphoyisa emzimbeni wethu, okuyisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Uma isela (okungukuthi, "i-antigen", isibonelo, into equkethwe umuthi) livela ngaphandle, lo mnyango wamaphoyisa uyahamba uyolibamba.

Kunezinhlobo ezine zokusabela kwe-hypersensitivity:

• Uhlobo 1: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungezwani komzimba. Isibonelo, abanye abantu baqala ngokuzumayo ukuba nama-hives kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula ngemva kokudla amakinati noma ukuhlatshwa yinyosi. Lokhu kubangelwa ama-antibodies abizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Lawa abopha kumaseli omzimba emzimbeni wethu futhi akhiphe amakhemikhali afana ne-histamine. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba njenge-anaphylaxis kanye ne-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba okubangelwa yizibungu zothuli.

• Uhlobo 2: Yilapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela amanye amangqamuzana ethu. Ama-antibodies ahilelekile abizwa ngokuthi i-immunoglobulin G (IgG) kanye ne-immunoglobulin M (IgM). I-IgG iyi-antibody evame kakhulu emzimbeni wethu esivikela ezifweni. I-IgM iyi-antibody yokuqala eyenziwa umzimba ukulwa nokutheleleka okusha. I-hemolytic anemia ebangelwa izidakamizwa iyisibonelo salokhu.

• Uhlobo 3:Ukugula kwe-serum kungokwalolu hlobo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi i-`(Antigen)` yangaphandle (isib., ingxenye yomuthi) ihlangana nama-antibodies omzimba wethu '(IgG)` noma '(IgM), akha 'ama-clots' amancane, okungukuthi, ama-immune complexes '(Immune Complexes). Lawa 'ma-clots' afakwa ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wethu, noma ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu kuwo wonke umzimba '(Systemic Reaction).'

• Uhlobo 4: Lokhu kusabela akubangelwa ama-antibodies, kodwa uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-T-lymphocytes noma ama-T-cell, asebenza njengamasosha akhethekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka kamuva, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Isibonelo, i-contact dermatitis, eyenzeka lapho insimbi efana ne-nickel noma isitshalo esifana ne-poison ivy sithinta isikhumba, iyisibonelo salokhu.

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi kuyini ukugula kwe-serum? Kuyingxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wethu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyashesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zokugula kwe-serum?

Izimpawu zokugula kwe-serum zingahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda ( ukuzizwa ungaphilile, ukhathele, ungenampilo )
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Ama-hives afana nesinambuzane esikhulu .
• Isikhumba esilumayo
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele - Lawa angazwakala entanyeni, emakhwapheni, nasesinqeni.

Izimpawu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zingase zivele ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Yini ebangela ukugula kwe-serum?

Ukugula kwe-serum kubangelwa kakhulu imithi ethile kanye nokwelashwa okuqukethe ama-antibodies (ikakhulukazi lawo atholakala ezilwaneni). Nasi uhlu:

• Ama-antibiotic: Imithi efana ne-penicillin, i-sulfonamides, kanye ne-tetracyclines.
• Ama-Antivenom: Ukwelashwa kwezinto ezifana nobuthi benyoka kanye nobuthi besicabucabu.
• Amanye amaphilisi okulala kanye nemithi yesifo sokuwa (ama-Barbiturates).
• Imithi efana ne-Bupropion, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezinjengokucindezeleka.
• Imithi equkethe amaprotheni atholakala ezilwaneni noma ezinambuzaneni.
• Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal: Lawa ayindlela ethile yokwelapha izifo ezifana nomdlavuza kanye nesifo samathambo.
• Ukuhlatshwa noma ukulunywa yizilwane ezifana nezinyosi, iminyovu, omiyane, kanye namakhizane.
• I-Streptokinase: Lona umuthi oncibilikisa amahlule egazi.
• Imijovo: Ezinye izinhlobo zemijovo nazo azivamile ukubangela ukusabela okunjalo.

Lolu hlu aluphelele. Eminye imithi eminingi ingabangela ukugula kwegazi. Ngakho-ke uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Yiziphi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokugula kwe-serum?

Izinto ezivame kakhulu ezingabangela ukugula kwe-serum namuhla yilezi:

• Ama-antibiotic
• Ama-Antitoxin
• Ama-antivenom
• Imigomo
• I-Streptokinase

Ingabe ukugula kwe-serum kwenzeka nakubantu abadala?

Yebo, impela. Ukugula kwe-serum kungathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, kusukela ezinganeni ezincane kuya kubantu abadala.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Ukugula kwe-serum ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu, futhi izimpawu ziyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kungalashwa noma uma umuntu ephuza umuthi isikhathi eside, kungaba nezinkinga.

• Ukulimala kwezinso: Lena ingozi enkulu.
• I-Vasculitis: Lokhu kusho ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-Neuropathy): Lokhu kungabangela ukungazweli kanye nobuhlungu ezithweni.
• Ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuzumayo (Shock): Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isifo segazi singabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-glomerulonephritis (GN). Lokhu kuwukulimala kwezihlungi ezincane zegazi ezinso (glomeruli).

Okubalulekile: Uma unezimpawu zokungakhululeki kwe-serum, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sikadokotela. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinjengalezi.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo se-serum?

Uma uthatha umuthi bese uba nezimpawu ezifana nalezo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amasonto ngemva kokuwuthatha, kungaba ukugula kwegazi. Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke, udinga ukubona udokotela. Udokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Buza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.
• Bazobuza nganoma yimiphi imithi kanye nemijovo osanda kuyithatha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuzosiza ekutholeni imbangela.
• Kuzohlolwa ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukuvuvukala noma ukuthamba kwama-lymph node.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokunquma ubucayi besimo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Ukugula kwe-serum ngokuvamile kungatholakala ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa futhi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Isampula encane yegazi ithathwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese ihlolwa elabhorethri. Lokhu kungabheka izinto ezifana namazinga okuvuvukala kanye namazinga e-antibody emzimbeni.
• I-biopsy yesikhumba: Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye encane yesikhumba ingathathwa esilondeni sesikhumba bese ibhekwa nge-microscope. Lokhu kungabheka ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibodies.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Kuzothathwa isampula yomchamo kuwe bese ihlolwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhlola izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso emchameni, njengoba ukugula kwegazi kungathinta izinso.

Ingabe ukugula ngegazi kungalapheka? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Yebo, ukugula nge-serum kuyisimo esingelapheka. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zizophela zodwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi zisheshise ukululama:

• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka imithi ebangele ukugula kwegazi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa anciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Ama-Antihistamine: Lawa anciphisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengokulunywa kanye nama-hives.
• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID): Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. Isibonelo, i-ibuprofen.

Ululama kanjani kulesi simo?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokululama ngokushesha ekuguleni kwe-serum ukulandela ngqo ukwelashwa okunqunywe udokotela wakho. Iningi labantu liqala ukuzizwa lingcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu onesifo se-serum angalulindela?

Impilo iyonke yomuntu onesifo segazi ngokuvamile inhle. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma ngokuphindaphindiwe emuthini obangela isifo segazi kungalimaza izinso, okungenzeka kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema umuthi obangela lesi sifo.

Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside yalokhu?

Ukugula kwe-serum ngokuvamile akubangeli imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi kahle ukuthi yimiphi imithi ebangela lesi simo kuwe bese uyigwema. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo ezingathi sína njengokwehluleka kwezinso.

Ingabe ukugula kwe-serum kungavinjelwa?

Indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuvimbela ukugula kwe-serum ukugwema imithi ebangela lezi zimpawu. Uma uke waba nokusabela okufanayo emuthini esikhathini esidlule, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho nanoma yiliphi ikhemisi olisebenzisayo.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma uthatha umuthi noma into efana ne-antiserum bese uba nezimpawu zokugula kwe-serum emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Udokotela uzobe esekwenza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo bese ekunikeza omunye umuthi ongeke ubangele lesi simo.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma uya kudokotela, ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo:

• "Dokotela, wazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo segazi?"
• "Uma ngingenaso isifo se-serum, kungaba yini enye?"
• "Yimuphi umuthi obangela lesi sifo segazi?"
• "Ingabe kukhona omunye umuthi engingawuthatha esikhundleni salowo ongenazo lezi zinkinga?"
• "Ingabe lesi sifo segazi sibangele umonakalo ezinso zami?"

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Arthus Reaction kanye ne-Serum Sickness?

I-Arthus Reaction nayo iyindlela yokusabela kwe-hypersensitivity yohlobo lwesithathu. Ingavela futhi ngemva kokugonywa okuthile noma, ngokungajwayelekile, ngemva kokulunywa yizinambuzane okuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa-ke, i-Arthus Reaction iyindlela yokusabela yendawo. Iphinde ivele ngokushesha kakhulu kunokugula nge-serum, ngokuvamile kungakapheli amahora angama-24.

Ukugula kwe-serum kuwukuqala kwesifo segazi esiqala sekwephuzile, impendulo yomzimba wonke ethinta umzimba wonke. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa imithi, futhi izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukugula kwe-serum kumane kuyisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokweqile emithini ethile. Kungaba ukukhathazeka kancane uma ungazi kahle ukuthi ziyini izimpawu noma ukuthi zibangelwa yini. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu azibonakali kuze kube amasonto amaningi ngemva kokuthatha umuthi, ungase ungacabangi ukuthi kuyinto ebangelwa umuthi.

Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ungesabi ukubona udokotela. Bazokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo, bathole imbangela, futhi bakunikeze imithi yokukusiza uzizwe ungcono. Bangase batuse nomuthi ohlukile ongeke ubangele ukugula kwegazi, uma kungenzeka. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imithi ekubangela lokhu kusabela bese uyigwema. Khona-ke ungahlala uphilile.

ukugula kwegazi , ukungezwani komzimba, ukungezwani komzimba nemithi, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela