Uhlobo olubi lomdlavuza wamaphaphu: Uyazi ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane?

Wake wezwa nge-"Small Cell Lung Cancer"? Lokhu kungase kube yinto entsha kuwe. Luhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile, olukhula kancane oluvela emaphashini. Luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhema ugwayi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lungathinta noma ubani. Uma lutholakala kusenesikhathi, odokotela bangelapha abanye abantu futhi basize abanye baphile isikhathi eside. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukugwema ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.

Uyini Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu Wamangqamuzana Amancane?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu . Nakuba ungakhula kunoma ubani, uvame kakhulu kubantu asebesebenzise ugwayi isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababheme ugwayi . Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, odokotela bangabaphulukisa abanye abantu. Kwabanye, kungabasiza ngisho nokuba baphile nalesi sifo isikhathi eside. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela kulo mdlavuza ukuyeka ukubhema .

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Sekukonke, cishe abantu abangu-57 kwabangu-100,000 e-United States bahlushwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Cishe u-15% walokho kutholakala komdlavuza umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane . Lokhu kuphansi kunohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane."

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC) uwuthinta kanjani umzimba wakho?

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane uqala lapho amaseli aphilile emaphashini akho eshintsha, noma eshintsha, abe amaseli omdlavuza. Lawa maseli abe esehlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki . Ekugcineni, la maseli omdlavuza akha izimila emaphashini akho.

Amaseli omdlavuza angaphuma kulezi zimila futhi ahambe emzimbeni wakho wonke ngegazi lakho noma nge-lymph (uketshezi oluya kuma-lymph node akho).

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane uvame ukusabalala ku:

• Kuma-lymph node.
• Emathanjeni.
• Ebuchosheni.
• Isibindi.
• Izindlala ze-adrenal. Lezi zindlala ziseduze nezinso zakho.

Uma amangqamuzana esesakazekile, angakha izimila ezintsha kuma-lymph node akho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane ungabangela noketshezi oluqongelelekayo emaphashini akho noma ezindaweni ezizungeze amaphaphu akho. Lokhu kungasunduza umoya uphume emaphashini akho futhi kubangele ukuthi amaphaphu akho ahluleke ukusebenza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-pleural effusion .

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC):

• I-Small Cell Carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane.
• I-Carcinoma Yamangqamuzana Amancane Ahlanganisiwe:Lokhu kubala u-2% kuya ku-5% kuphela wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaseli amancane. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luyinhlanganisela yohlobo lomdlavuza "olungeyona iseli encane" kanye "nezinhlobo ezincane".

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC)?

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane ongakasabalali awuvamile ukukhombisa izimpawu . Uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki.
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okuqhubeka noma okuba nzima.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukuhosha kwezwi.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Imithambo yentamo evuvukele.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuphefumula.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukufana nezinye izifo ezingatheni kangako. Ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhema noma uke wabhema ngaphambili, bona udokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu. Uzokwazi ukuhlola isimo sakho futhi ancome izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC)?

Nakuba noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abantu ababhemayo, abake babhema esikhathini esidlule, noma ababhema intuthu ebhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zifaka:

• Ukuchayeka emisebeni, kungaba ngenxa yokwelashwa ngomdlavuza noma ukuskena izithombe.
• Ukuchayeka kugesi we-radon. I-Radon iyigesi engenambala, enemisebe engavuza emakhaya nakwezinye izakhiwo.
• Ukuchayeka ku-asbestos, i-arsenic, i-nickel, i-tar, noma amakhemikhali anobuthi endaweni yokusebenza.
• Kukhona othile emndenini onomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Odokotela bawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC)?

Uma kusolwa noma yimuphi umdlavuza wamaphaphu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba . Uma ikhombisa amabala asolisayo emaphashini, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa okulandelayo noma ngaphezulu:

• Ukuskena kwezithombe: Ukuskena kwe-Computed Tomography (CT) kanye nokuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) kungathola izimila zamaphaphu. Ukuskena kwe-CT kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola futhi izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza.
• I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampula yezicubu emaphashini kusetshenziswa inaliti. Odokotela bezifo elabhorethri bahlola lesi sampula ukuze babone amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-Bronchoscopy:Esebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscope, udokotela wakho uzobheka izimila emigudwini yomoya yamaphaphu akho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bangase bathathe amasampula ezicubu ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC)?

Odokotela basebenzisa indlela enezigaba ezimbili ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane ususakazeke kangakanani. Lolu lwazi luphinde lusize ekunqumeni ukwelashwa. Izigaba ezimbili zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane yilezi:

• Isigaba Esilinganiselwe: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usesinye samaphaphu akho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usakazekele endaweni ephakathi kwamaphaphu akho noma kuma-lymph node angaphezu kwe-collarbone yakho. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane unesifo kulesi sigaba esilinganiselwe lapho etholakala ukuthi unaso.
• Isigaba Esibanzi: Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ususakazekele kwelinye iphaphu lakho, kuma-lymph node ngale kwamaphaphu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazekele nasemathanjeni, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC)?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-20 onomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane unomdlavuza ongakasabalali ngale kwamaphaphu. Kuleso simo, udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa ingxenye noma wonke amaphaphu akho. Abantu abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa banganikezwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa umshini ukuqondisa ama-X-ray anamandla ngqo esimila. Ngaphezu kokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa nezimpawu. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane angenasigaba esinqunyelwe.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Uma uke wahlinzwa, udokotela wakho angahlanganisa imithi yamakhemikhali nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuze abulale noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukunikezwa abantu abanomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu. Nakuba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungenakukwelapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane, kunganciphisa umdlavuza, kunciphise izimpawu, futhi kusize abantu baphile isikhathi eside.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Immunotherapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi alwe futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. "Ama-Immune checkpoint inhibitors" uhlobo lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy olusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane othuthukile. Odokotela bangase banikeze lokhu kwelashwa kanye ne-chemotherapy ukuze banciphise izimila futhi banciphise izimpawu.

Kuthiwani uma ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli?

Kunezinketho eziningana udokotela wakho angase azincome, futhi ungase uzicabangele:

• Ukushintsha kusukela ekuzameni ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane kuya ekwelashweni okunciphisa izimpawu . Isibonelo, uma izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zivinjiwe, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-bronchoscope ukuze azivule.
• Cabanga ngokuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo . Isibonelo, izivivinyo zakamuva zezokwelapha zibonise ukuthi ukuhlanganisa i-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy kusize abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu osezingeni eliphezulu baphile isikhathi eside. Cishe abantu abangu-15% abathole ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe babesaphila eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa.
• Ukucabanga ngokunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu : Lokhu kunakekelwa kugxile ekukusizeni ukuphatha izimpawu, okuhlanganisa nobuhlungu, kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Iyini i-prognosis yomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC)?

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane uyisifo esibi kakhulu . Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane liyafa zingakapheli izinyanga bexilongiwe. Nakuba odokotela bengelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane, lesi sifo kungenzeka sibuye. Ucwaningo lwango-2020 lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abaye belashwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane baye baphinde babuye. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2020, cishe u-7% wabo bonke abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane abasaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukubikezelwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane:

• Isigaba somdlavuza : Uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali ngalé kwalapho waqala khona, odokotela banethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela ekwelapheni.
• Izindlela zokwelapha : Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-20 onomdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane ongakabi sezingeni elifanele angakwazi ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Kulabo abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nemisebe kunganikezwa.
• Ukuphindaphindeka : Uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane uphindeka, odokotela banezinketho ezimbalwa zokwelapha.

Akungabazeki ukuthi isibikezelo somdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane asisihle neze. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isibikezelo siyinto engenzeka, hhayi isiqiniseko . Uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane futhi ufuna ukwazi isibikezelo sakho, cela udokotela wakho akuchazele ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda?

Amazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu ahlukene . Cishe abantu abangu-70% abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane batholakala benawo ngemuva kokuba umdlavuza ususakazeke (umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane osezingeni eliphezulu). Izinketho zokwelapha laba bantu zilinganiselwe. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2020:

• Sekukonke, cishe abantu abangu-7% abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokutholakala benalesi sifo.
• Cishe abantu abangu -27% abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane ongakafiki esigabeni esithile basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane ongakafiki esigabeni esithile une-cancer kwelinye iphaphu kanye nama-lymph node aseduze.
• Cishe abantu abangu -16% abanomdlavuza osakazekele ezicutshini nasezithweni eziseduze ngaphandle kwamaphaphu basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Khumbula — njengezibikezelo, amazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu ahlukene . Okwenzekile kwabanye kungase kungasebenzi esimweni sakho.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola lesi simo?

Ukugwema ugwayi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane . Uma usebenzisa ugwayi njengamanje, zama ukuyeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki noma ukuthi usubheme isikhathi esingakanani, amaphaphu akho azoqala ukuphola ngokushesha nje lapho uyeka . Ukunikeza amaphaphu akho ithuba lokuphola kunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane. Uma usebenzisa ugwayi futhi ufuna ukuyeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezindlela nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema.

Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane.

Yini enye engenziwa ukunciphisa ingozi?

Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza futhi:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Hlola ikhaya lakho ukuthi alinagesi yini i-radon. Uma kudingeka, faka uhlelo lokususa i-radon ekhaya lakho.
• Zivikele kumakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza (i-Arsenic, i-Asbestos, i-Nickel) endaweni yokusebenza.

Uma nginomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC), ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza kungaba nzima ngokomzimba. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uhlale unamandla phakathi nokwelashwa:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Izimpawu zomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza kungathinta isifiso sakho sokudla. Uma unenkinga yokudla, buza mayelana nokusebenza nochwepheshe wezokudla. Bangakunikeza iziphakamiso zokukusiza ukuthi uthole ukudla okudingayo.
• Zivocavoce: Umdlavuza uyinkinga ebangela ukucindezeleka. Ukuzivocavoca okulula kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
• Funa ukwesekwa:Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane uyisifo esingavamile nesingelapheki. Ukuba phakathi kweqembu elincane labantu abanesimo sezokwelapha kungaba nesizungu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamaqembu okusekelana angakuxhumanisa nabantu abaqondayo ukuthi ubhekene nani.
• Cabanga ngokusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo: Ungase uzizwe sengathi kufanele ufihle ukukhathazeka kwakho ngomdlavuza, ukuze ungabacasuli abathandekayo bakho. Uma kunjalo, cabanga ngokusebenza nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane, ungase ucabangele ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Kungani ngithole umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane?
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusiphi isigaba?
• Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngesibikezelo sami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komuntu osesimweni sami?
• Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngihlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo?
• Ngidinga ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okunjani ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe umdlavuza uzobuya?
• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ophindaphindayo wamaseli amancane?
• Ngingakuyeka kanjani ukubhema?

Uyini umehluko phakathi "komdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona amaseli amancane" kanye "nomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane"?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomehluko:

• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane uvame ukuqala ohlotsheni olulodwa lweseli endaweni eyodwa yamaphaphu akho. Umdlavuza wamaseli angewona amancane ungaqala ezinhlotsheni ezintathu ezahlukene zamaseli nasezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Isibonelo, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma luthinta izindlala eziseduze kwezitho zakho zomzimba. Kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona amaseli amancane, i-adenocarcinoma iqala ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zamaphaphu.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane usakazeka ngokushesha kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona owamangqamuzana amancane.
• Uma kubhekwa nge-microscope, amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu amangqamuzana amancane mancane kakhulu kunamangqamuzana "omdlavuza wamaphaphu angewona amancane amangqamuzana".

Ekugcineni, umyalezo obalulekile

Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusha, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane manje sebephila isikhathi eside . Odokotela banezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza iziguli ukuba ziphile isikhathi eside, zibe nempilo engcono, futhi kwezinye izimo, zize zelaphe lesi sifo.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane. Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka. Ngisho noma usuvele unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuyeka ukubhema . Cela udokotela wakho akusize ekutholeni uhlelo lokuyeka ukubhema.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu , umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane, ukubhema, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, impilo yamaphaphu, ingozi yomdlavuza