Wake wambona umuntu engakwazi ukuhamba noma ukulahlekelwa yilungu ngemuva kwengozi? Imbangela enkulu yalezi zimo ezinzima ingaba ukulimala komgogodla, okuyi-nerve cord eyinhloko edlula emgogodleni wethu. Lesi yisimo abantu abaningi abasesabe, futhi siyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela ukulimala komgogodla?
Kalula nje, ukulimala komgogodla (SCI) yinoma yimuphi umonakalo kumgogodla, intambo eyinhloko yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla wethu. Le ntambo yemizwa ithwala futhi idlulise imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni bethu iye cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Lo monakalo ungasukela emazingeni amancane, alawulekayo kuya emazingeni anzima kakhulu, okuphila konke.
Cabanga ngesimiso sethu sezinzwa njengendlela ehamba phambili. Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zalo mgwaqo omkhulu ubuchopho nomgogodla. Lo mgwaqo omkhulu unemigwaqo yezimoto (imiyalezo) evela ebuchosheni, kanye nemigwaqo ehlukene yezimoto (imiyalezo) eya ebuchosheni.
Imizwa ephuma emgogodleni ifana nemigwaqo evulekile nengaphandle kwalomgwaqo omkhulu. Imiyalezo iya kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ngalezi migwaqo evulekile.
Manje, ukulimala komgogodla kufana nokuvalwa komgwaqo omkhulu. Kodwa empilweni yangempela, ngokungafani nomgwaqo omkhulu, azikho izindlela eziphambukayo lapho umgogodla wonakele. Uma umgwaqo uvaliwe, izimoto (imiyalezo) ezidlula kuwo azikwazi ukufika lapho kudingeka ziye khona. Uma umonakalo umkhulu, lokhu kuvalwa komgwaqo kungaba unomphela. Yingakho kuvela izimpawu ezinzima njengokukhubazeka.
Uzihlukanisa kanjani lezi zindleko?
Odokotela bahlukanisa ukulimala komgogodla (SCI) ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Enye isekelwe endaweni yokulimala. Enye isekelwe ebunzimeni bokulimala. Khumbula, lokhu kungaphazamisa imiyalezo ehamba iye futhi ibuya kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ezingaphansi kokulimala.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngendawo yomonakalo
Umgogodla wethu uhlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye eyonakele.
- Umgogodla wesibeletho: Lokhu kutholakala entanyeni yakho. Kusuka phansi kwekhanda lakho kuye ezingeni lamahlombe akho. Umonakalo kule ndawo ungowona omkhulu kakhulu.
- Umgogodla wesifuba: Lokhu kusukela esifubeni esingaphezulu kuya ezingeni le-pelvis.
- Umgogodla we-Lumbar: Lokhu kutholakala esiqwini esingezansi.
- Umgogodla we-Sacral: Lokhu kuqukethe izimpande zemizwa ezisuka phansi zisuka ezinqeni.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngobukhulu bomonakalo
Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi kungakanani umonakalo owenzekile entanjeni yezinzwa.
- Umonakalo ongaphelele:Kufana nokuthi kuvaliwe imizila embalwa nje yomgwaqo omkhulu. Eminye yemigwaqo isasebenza, ngakho-ke kusekhona ukusebenza okuthile ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komonakalo.
- Qedela: Lokhu kusho ukuthi yonke imizila yomgwaqo ivaliwe. Akukho miyalezo engahamba. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni unomphela kwayo yonke imisebenzi engaphansi komonakalo.
Ikakhulukazi ngemva kwengozi, ngemva kokulimala kokuqala, ukulimala kwesibili kungenzeka emahoreni nasezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvuvukala komgogodla. Lokhu kungandisa umonakalo.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Izimpawu ezenzeka lapho umgogodla wonakele zincike ekutheni yiziphi izinhlobo zemiyalezo eziphazamisekile. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemiyalezo zingathinteka.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Incazelo nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuzwa | Lezi yimiyalezo ethwala ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni oluya ebuchosheni. Izibonelo: ukuzwa izinto ezifana nokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokuthinta.
|
| Izimpawu zemoto | Lezi yimiyalezo evela ebuchosheni eya emisipheni ukuze ihambise izingxenye zomzimba. |
| Izimpawu zokuzimela | Lezi yimiyalezo elawula izinqubo ezenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuba sicabange ngazo. |
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokulimala komgogodla?
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuthi lesi simo esibi senzeke. Izingozi ziyimbangela eyinhloko.
- Izingozi zezimoto: Lokhu kuyimbangela yokulimala komgogodla okungu-37%.
- Ukuwa: Izinto ezifana nokuwa usuka phezulu, ukushelela, njll. Lokhu kubalelwa cishe ku-31%.
- Izenzo zobudlova: Ukulimala komgogodla okubangelwa izinto ezifana nokudutshulwa nokugwazwa. Lokhu kubalelwa cishe ku-15%.
- Izingozi zemidlalo: Cishe u-8% wokulimala kwenzeka ngenxa yemisebenzi efana nokuntywila emanzini, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zingozi, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nazo zingabangela umonakalo emgogodleni.
- I-Osteoporosis.
- Izimila kanye nomdlavuza womgogodla.
- Ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi ngaphakathi komgogodla (i-Syringomyelia).
- Izifo.
- Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuya emgogodleni (ischemia).
- Ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa (i-Spina bifida).
- Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba njenge-Guillain-Barré syndrome kanye ne-multiple sclerosis.
- Ukushaqeka kukagesi.
Yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi zalokhu?
Imiphumela yokulimala komgogodla ingaba yingozi futhi ibe yingozi impilo yonke. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhubazeka.
- I-Tetraplegia: Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "i-quadriplegia." Lokhu ukulahlekelwa amandla kusukela entanyeni kuye ezansi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho ulimele.
- Ukukhubazeka: Lokhu ukulahleka kokusebenza engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, okungukuthi, imilenze kanye nomzimba ongezansi. Lokhu kwenzeka uma izingxenye zesifuba noma ezingezansi zonakele.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinkinga eziningi zingavela:
- Ubuhlungu be-neuropathic
- Inyumoniya
- Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
- Amahlule egazi emilenzeni nasemaphashini
- Izilonda zokucindezeleka
- Izifo ezinzima njenge-sepsis
- Ukufa (ikakhulukazi uma ukulimala kungemuva eliphezulu)
Udokotela wakho angakuchazela kangcono izinkinga ongase ubhekane nazo, ngakho ungesabi ukukhuluma naye ngazo.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukulimala komgogodla, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukuqinisekisa lokho.
1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Thola umbono oyisisekelo ngobukhulu bomonakalo.
2.Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yezinzwa: Kuhlola ukuthi izitho zingashukunyiswa yini, ukuthi zinamandla kangakanani, zizizwa kanjani, futhi ziyashesha kangakanani.
3. Ukuskena izithombe: I- CT scan (Computed Tomography) ingasheshe ibone umonakalo emathanjeni. I -MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ingaveza isithombe esicacile samathambo, izicubu ezithambile, kanye nemizwa.
4. Ezinye izivivinyo: Izivivinyo ezifana ne-electromyography, elinganisa izimpawu zikagesi ezivela emisipheni, zingasiza ekutholeni indawo eqondile yomonakalo wezinzwa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo kanye nembangela yomonakalo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma usola ukuthi ulimele umgogodla ngenxa yengozi, kuhlale kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Uma usola ukuthi othile ube sengozini futhi walimala emhlane, ungazami ukumshukumisa noma ukumphakamisa nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile ukuthi uma umuntu engasuswanga futhi kunengozi enkulu yokulimala okusongela ukuphila (isibonelo, uma imoto isha). Uma umuntu ongaqeqeshwanga emshukumisa, umonakalo ungaba mubi nakakhulu. Shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha bese umyisa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) esibhedlela.
Egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo kanye negumbi lokunakekelwa okujulile esibhedlela (ICU), umgomo oyinhloko wodokotela ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe emgogodleni.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi emgogodleni futhi kulungiswe umonakalo ezicutshini ezizungezile.
- Imithi: Imithi efana nama-steroids inikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuzungeze umgogodla.
- Ukudonsa: Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukugcina indawo elimele ingashukumi.
- Amadivayisi okusekela: Amadivayisi anjengezikhola (ama-brace) nama-halo asiza ekuqiniseni indawo elimele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bagxile ekwelashweni okusha okusesesigabeni sokucwaninga.
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuvuselelwa
Umuntu onesifo sokulimala komgogodla uzodinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe amasonto nezinyanga, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuphila kwakhe konke.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ekwakheni amandla nokujwayela ukuphila nokulimala.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Ukuqeqeshwa ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuzimela.
- Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Kusiza abantu abanokulimala komgogodla ongenhla abanezinkinga zokugwinya kanye nokuxhumana.
- Ukusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo:Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, ingaba yingozi kakhulu, hhayi ngokomzimba kuphela, kodwa nangokwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.
Ingabe lesi simo singagwenywa?
Ukulimala okuningi komgogodla kubangelwa izingozi ezingalindelekile, kodwa kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Gqoka imishini yokuphepha namabhande esihlalo ngendlela efanele.
- Shayela ngokucophelela nangokuphepha.
- Gwema ukuwa. Qaphela izindawo ezishelelayo ekhaya lakho.
- Gwema ukucwila ezindaweni lapho ungeke ukwazi ukubona khona phansi kwamanzi.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungandisa kakhulu ingozi yezingozi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukulimala komgogodla (SCI) ukulimala kwendlela enkulu yezinzwa ethwala imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho nomzimba. Kuyisimo esibi kakhulu.
- Izingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, kanye nezenzo zobudlova yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukungazweli, ukuthuthumela, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula isinyi.
- Uma usola ukuthi umgogodla ulimele engozini, ungalokothi ushukumise isiguli. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela umonakalo owengeziwe, kodwa umonakalo omningi uhlala unomphela.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, kanye nokusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo kubalulekile kumuntu obhekene nalesi simo.
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