Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa wesaba, ushaqekile, futhi unemibuzo eminingi. Uma udokotela ethi, "Lona umdlavuza weSigaba sesi-2" noma "Ibanga lesi-3," ungase uzibuze ukuthi la magama asho ukuthini ngempela. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba nakakhulu uma uzwa amagama anjengalawa. Kodwa-ke, ukwaziswa ngokucacile ngalezi zinto kuzokusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukuba niqine ngokwengqondo futhi nenze izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula namuhla.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zomdlavuza: 'Isigaba' kanye 'neBanga'?
Yebo, lokhu kumayelana nezinto ezimbili. Zombili lezi zinto zinikeza odokotela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nohlobo lomdlavuza wakho.
Kalula nje:
- Isigaba Somdlavuza: Cabanga ngomdlavuza njengomlilo omncane oqala endlini. 'Isigaba' sibhekisela ekutheni umlilo ususabalale kangakanani ngaphakathi endlini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ususabalale ngale kwebele kuya kuma-lymph node emakhwapheni noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Uma inani lesigaba liphansi, kulapho umdlavuza ususabalale kancane.
- Izinga Lomdlavuza: Cabanga ngalowo mlilo futhi. 'Izinga' libhekisela ekutheni umlilo unzima kangakanani nokuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Odokotela babheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi afana kangakanani namangqamuzana anempilo nokuthi ahlukana ngokushesha kangakanani. Uma izinga liphezulu, umdlavuza ungaba nolaka kakhulu.
Zombili lezi zingcezu zolwazi zibaluleke kakhulu kudokotela ukuze akhethe indlela yokwelapha efaneleka kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza webele?
Izigaba zomdlavuza webele zichazwa kakhulu ngezinombolo ezisukela ku-0 kuya ku-4. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlamvu ezifana no-A, B, no-C zisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lezi zigaba kabanzi.
| Isiteji | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 0 | Lesi yisigaba sokuqala somdlavuza webele. Amaseli angajwayelekile angaphakathi kwemigudu ethwala ubisi yebele kuphela. Awasakazeki ezicutshini ezizungezile. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)'. |
| Isigaba I (Isigaba 1) | Umdlavuza manje usuyahlasela, okusho ukuthi ususakazeke ezicutshini zebele eziphilile ezizungezile. Kodwa isimila sisesincane kakhulu (ngaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili) futhi asikasabalali kuma-lymph node aseduze, noma asisabalali kangako. Kuleli qophelo, amathuba okwelashwa aphezulu kakhulu. |
| Isigaba II (Isigaba 2) | Umdlavuza ungase ube mkhulu kancane (phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2-5) noma usabalale kuma-lymph node ambalwa aseduze ekhwapheni. Kodwa umdlavuza usagcinwe endaweni yebele nekhwapheni. |
| Isigaba III (Isigaba 3) | Lesi yisigaba esithuthukile endaweni . Umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazeke ngaphandle kwebele, odongeni lwesifuba, esikhumbeni, noma kuma-lymph node ekhwapheni. Kodwa awukasabalali ezithweni ezikude njengesibindi noma amaphaphu. |
| Isigaba IV (Isigaba 4) | Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi i-Metastatic Breast Cancer . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwebele kanye nama-lymph node aseduze waya ezithweni ezikude njengamathambo, amaphaphu, isibindi, noma ubuchopho . |
Izinga lomdlavuza kanye nezinye izivivinyo ezibalulekile
Udokotela unquma ibanga ngokuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakale ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-biopsy.
- Ibanga 1: Amaseli omdlavuza afana kakhulu namaseli anempilo. Akhula kancane.
- Ibanga lesi-2: Amaseli omdlavuza ahluke kancane kumaseli anempilo. Akhula ngesivinini esimaphakathi.
- Ibanga lesi-3: Amaseli omdlavuza ahluke kakhulu kumaseli anempilo futhi abukeka engcolile. Angakhula futhi asakazeke ngokushesha.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwazi leli banga kuzosiza kakhulu udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume isidingo kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, okudingayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ezibalulekile.
- Isimo Se-Hormone Receptor: Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza webele asebenzisa ama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone ukuze akhule.
- I-ER-positive (ER+) isho ukuthi umdlavuza usebenzisa i-hormone i-estrogen ukuze ukhule.
- I-PR-positive (PR+) isho ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-hormone i-progesterone.
- Uma lokhu kukuhle, umdlavuza ungalawulwa ngokunikeza ukwelashwa ngama-hormone.
- Isimo se-HER2: `I-HER2` iyiprotheni elawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhiqiza kakhulu le phrotheni ethi `I-HER2` (`I-HER2-positive`). Khona-ke umdlavuza ungakhula ngokushesha. Kumdlavuza othi `I-HER2-positive`, kunemithi ethile (i-Targeted Therapy) eqondisa leyo phrotheni.
Iyini uhlelo lwe-TNM?
Lena yindlela eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke esetshenziswa odokotela ukuthola ngokunembile isigaba somdlavuza. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ingakunikeza isithombe esinembile kakhulu somdlavuza wakho.
- I-T (i-Tumor): Ilinganisa ubukhulu bomdlavuza nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele yini ezicutshini ezizungezile.
- N (Ama-Node): Kukala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma -lymph node aseduze, futhi uma kunjalo, ngezinga elingakanani.
- M (Metastasis): Kukala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezithweni ezikude ngaphandle kwebele.
Isigaba sonke somdlavuza wakho sinqunywa ngokuhlanganisa izinombolo ezihlotshaniswa nohlamvu ngalunye lwalezi (isib. T1, N0, M0). Uma ubona noma yiluphi lwalezi zimpawu embikweni wakho, ungesabi ukucela incazelo kudokotela wakho.
Ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke ngempela ngesilinganiso sokusinda seminyaka emihlanu?
La mazwi afaka ukwesaba engqondweni yanoma ubani. Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni bangaki kubantu abayi-100 abatholakale benomdlavuza esigabeni esithile abazophila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Lezi yizibalo ezijwayelekile ezisekelwe kudatha evela ezinkulungwaneni zeziguli. Abakwazi ukubikezela isimo sakho.
- Kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala (owasendaweni), leli zinga liphezulu lifinyelela ku- 99% .
- Nakuba leli zinga liphansi uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude (Okukude/Isigaba 4), ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla, abantu abaningi bakwazile ukugcina impilo enhle futhi baphile iminyaka eminingi ngisho noma benomdlavuza weSigaba 4 .
Ngakho-ke, ungapheli amandla yizibalo eziku-inthanethi. Ukugxila kwakho kufanele kube ukunamathela ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa oluhlukile.Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- 'Isigaba' somdlavuza webele sibhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani. 'Ibanga' libhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza unamandla kangakanani.
- Ukwazi isigaba esiqondile kanye nezinga lomdlavuza wakho kubalulekile ekunqumeni uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4 (i-Metastatic) awusona ukuphela kokuphila. Ngokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kwanamuhla, lesi simo singalawulwa futhi siphile kahle.
- Uma kukhona ongakuqondi embikweni wakho, ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza udokotela wakho ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kuyilungelo lakho.
- Ungahambi wedwa kulolu hambo. Funa ukwesekwa ngumndeni wakho, abangani, kanye namaqembu okusekelana uma kudingeka. Kuzokunika amandla amaningi engqondo.
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