Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwakho kwakamuva kwegazi kubonise ukuthi izinga lakho le-cholesterol liphezulu kancane? Ingabe uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane lapho ubona ukuthi izinga lakho "le-cholesterol embi" noma i-LDL nalo liphezulu? Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike umyalelo wokuthi uqale ukuthatha uhlobo lomuthi 'we-Statin'. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula ngama-'Statins', abalulekile kubantu abaningi.
Kulungile, ziyini lezi 'Statins'?
Kalula nje, 'ama-Statins' uhlobo lomuthi odokotela abawunikezayo ukuze wehlise izinga le-cholesterol egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi i-cholesterol "embi".
Uma sikhuluma nge-cholesterol, sihlala sizwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili, akunjalo?
1. I-LDL (I-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi" . Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi yakho njengepayipi elithwala amanzi. Lokho okwenziwa yile cholesterol ye-LDL ukugcinwa njengodaka olunamafutha ngaphakathi kwaleyo payipi, kunciphise kancane kancane indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Ezinye izinhlobo 'ze-statin' zinganciphisa le cholesterol embi ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
2. I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein): Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle" . Iqoqa i-cholesterol embi eqongeleleke emithanjeni yegazi bese iyiyisa esibindini ukuze isuswe emzimbeni. Kufana nomqoqi kadoti.
Ama-statin awagcini nje ngokunciphisa i-cholesterol embi ye-LDL, kodwa futhi asiza ekunciphiseni ama-triglycerides, olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini, futhi akhuphula kancane amazinga amahle e-cholesterol ye-HDL.
Le mithi ivame ukunqunywa ukuthi ithathwe kanye ngosuku, ngesikhathi esifanayo. Amanye ama-statin asebenza kahle kakhulu uma ethathwa ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizimba yethu ikhiqiza i-cholesterol eningi ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-statin amasha asebenza kahle uma ethathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lena indaba ethokozisayo kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi isibindi sakho siyifektri eyinhloko eyenza i-cholesterol. Eqinisweni, ama-75% e-cholesterol esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu akhiqizwa esibindini sethu. Okunye kuvela ekudleni esikudlayo.
Ngakho-ke, isibindi sine-enzyme ebalulekile kule nqubo yokwenza i-cholesterol. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-`HMG-CoA reductase`. Umuthi we-`Statin` usebenza njengomlindi wesango, uvimba i-`HMG-CoA reductase` enzyme ukuthi ingafiki esibindini. Ngemuva kwalokho isibindi silahlekelwa yinto eluhlaza esiyidingayo ukuze senze i-cholesterol. Ngenxa yalokho, inani le-cholesterol elikhiqizwa yisibindi liyancipha kakhulu. Uyaqonda?
Kalula nje, i-'Statin' umuthi onciphisa inani le-cholesterol embi egazini ngokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol esibindini.
Kungani sidinga 'ama-statin'?
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, lapho i-cholesterol embi ikhula egazini, ifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Atherosclerosis' . I-cholesterol enqwabelana ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-plaque'. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi kuvimbele ukuhamba kwegazi.
Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma umthambo ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni uvaleka kanje? Inhliziyo ayitholi umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingayo. Lokho kuholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo. Futhi uma leli 'plaque' liqhuma emthambo ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bese kwakheka ihlule legazi, libangela isifo sohlangothi.
Ama-statin anciphisa i-cholesterol, anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalezi zimo eziyingozi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu 'ze-statin'?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana 'zama-statin'. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza uhlobo olukufanele kakhulu, ecabangela isimo sakho sempilo, izinga le-cholesterol, nezinye izici.
| Igama Elijwayelekile 'le-Statin' | Amagama Omkhiqizo Avamile |
|---|---|
| I-Atorvastatin | I-Lipitor®, i-Caduet® |
| I-Rosuvastatin | I-Crestor®, i-Ezallor Sprinkle® |
| I-Simvastatin | I-Zocor®, i-Vytorin® (ene-ezetimibe) |
| I-Pravastatin | I-Pravachol® |
| I-Lovastatin | I-Mevacor® |
| I-Fluvastatin | I-Lescol® |
Ngezinye izikhathi 'i-statin' iza ephilisini elifanayo nomunye umuthi. Isibonelo, umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-ezetimibe one-simvastatin.
Ngubani onconyelwa ukuthatha 'ama-statin'?
Udokotela uzokubhalela i-statin ngokusekelwe engcupheni yakho yesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, ubulili, umlando womndeni, nokuthi uyabhema yini. Ama-statin avame ukunconywa kubantu abalandelayo:
- Kulabo abangakwazi ukunciphisa amazinga abo e-cholesterol (ikakhulukazi amazinga e-LDL angaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL) naphezu kokudla nokuzivocavoca .
- Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye nabaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40-75, abanamazinga e-LDL cholesterol angaphezu kuka-70 mg/dL.
- Kulabo asebevele benesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD) .
- Kubantu abaneminyaka engu-40-75 abanezinga le-LDL elingaphezu kuka-70 mg/dL, abasengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.
- Uma othile emndenini (abazali, izingane zakubo) eke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane futhi enamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kulokhu?
Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-statin angaba nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi abantu abaningi ababi nemiphumela emibi. Ngisho nemiphumela emibi emincane eyenzekayo izophela njengoba umuthi uqhubeka.
| Umphumela ongemuhle | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile (ngokuvamile ayibi yingozi) | |
| Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga | Lona umphumela ovame ukubikwa kakhulu. Kungase kuzwakale njengobuhlungu obujwayelekile. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Kungase kube nekhanda elincane. |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Kungase kube nesicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuqunjelwa. |
| Imiphumela emibi engavamile ukubonwa (edinga iseluleko sezokwelapha) | |
| Ukulimala kwesibindi | Izimpawu ezinjengokuphuzi kwamehlo (i-jaundice), umchamo omnyama, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu. |
| I-Rhabdomyolysis | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu embotsheni, ubuthakathaka, kanye nomchamo onombala omnyama. |
| Amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphukile | Le ngozi ingase yande kancane kulabo abasengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela. |
Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho wedwa. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo. Ungase ukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokushintsha uhlobo lwe-statin oyithathayo noma ngokushintsha umthamo.
Ingabe bakhona abantu okungafanele bathathe ama-statin?
Yebo. Ama-statin awanconywa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abancelisayo, kanye nabantu abanezifo ezithile zesibindi ezingathi sína. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo. Amajusi ezithelo, ikakhulukazi i-grapefruit kanye nejusi le-pomegranate, angasebenzisana namanye ama-statin, ngakho buza udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.
Kwenzekani uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi?
Uma usuyekile ukuthatha i-statin, amazinga akho e-cholesterol aphinde akhuphuke aye lapho ayekhona. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi iphinda ikhuphuke. Ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuyimithi yokuphila konke.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokushesha
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngenkathi uthatha i-statin, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Uma uzizwa ungabekezeleleki, ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ubuthakathaka emisipheni noma emalungeni akho.
- Uma unezinhlungu zomzimba ezihambisana nomkhuhlane .
- EyakhoUma amehlo noma isikhumba sakho sibonakala siphuzi (i-jaundice).
- Uma umchamo wakho uphenduka umbala omnyama njengamaqabunga etiye amanzi .
Esimweni esinjalo, kungcono ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-statin ayiklasi lemithi elisebenza kahle kakhulu elinciphisa i-cholesterol embi (i-LDL) futhi linciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvimbela isibindi ekukhiqizeni i-cholesterol.
- Ngisho noma uthatha i-statin, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca. Ungacabangi ukuthi ngoba nje uthatha umuthi, ungadla noma yini oyifunayo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphandle kokuyeka imithi.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-statin ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ngoba lokhu kuzokwandisa izingozi zempilo yakho futhi.
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