Ingabe unesifo senhliziyo esihambisana nokwakheka? (Isifo Senhliziyo Esihambisana Nokwakheka) - Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ucindezelekile esifubeni sakho, kunzima ukuphefumula, noma ukukhathala nje? Ngemuva kwalezi zinto, kungase kube noshintsho noma ubuthakathaka ekwakhiweni kwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, ukuma kwenhliziyo, izindonga, ama-valve, noma imisipha. Namuhla sikhuluma ngezinkinga ezithile esakhiweni senhliziyo, odokotela abazibiza ngokuthi `(Isifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile)`. Lokhu kungaba yinto ezalwa nayo, noma ingakhula kamuva ngokuguga. Uma ingelashwa kahle, ezinye izinkinga zempilo zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngakho-ke siyini lesi sifo senhliziyo esihlelekile?

Kalula nje, `(Isifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile)` sisho ukuthi kukhona ukungajwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwenhliziyo yakho, okungukuthi, ukuma kwenhliziyo, izindonga zayo, amakamelo, ama-valve, noma imisipha yenhliziyo. Lesi yisihloko esibanzi kakhulu. Cabanga, uma izindonga, iminyango, namafasitela endlu yethu kungahlelekile, leyo ndlu ngeke isebenze kahle. Kunjalo nangenhliziyo.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zezifo zenhliziyo?

Singahlukanisa lezi zimo zibe yizigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esimangalisayo. Inezingxenye ezahlukene, zonke okudingeka zisebenze kahle.

• Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo: Ubuwazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu inama-valve amane? Lawa afana neminyango elawula ukugeleza kwegazi - avumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma kunenkinga ngala ma-valve, isibonelo, i-valve engavuli kahle (stenosis) noma i-valve engavali kahle (i-valve regurgitation), lokho kubizwa ngokuthi isifo se-valve yenhliziyo.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthaka, iqina, noma ikhula. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Cabanga ngakho njengephampu yamanzi ehluleka ukupompa amanzi.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Lezi yiziphambeko zesakhiwo senhliziyo eziba khona lapho kuzalwa. Ezinye izingane zingase zizalwe zinembobo enhliziyweni noma inkinga yevalvu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.

Ubani ongahlakulela lesi sifo senhliziyo?

Eqinisweni, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile" singakhula kunoma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, uhlanga, noma ubudala. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi.

• Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho enalolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuba naso.
• Izici ezithinta umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezithile ezenzeka kumama ngesikhathi umntwana esesibelethweni zingabangela isifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa kumntwana. Isibonelo:
• Ukuchayeka kukamama ezintweni ezifana nezincibilikisi zezimboni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Umama uthola isifo esifana ne-"Rubella" ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha, ukuphuza utshwala.
• Ukuvela kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Ukuguga: Njengoba siguga, i-calcium inganqwabelana ezindaweni ezifana nama-valve enhliziyo. Lokhu kungaholela nasekufeni kwenhliziyo. Eqinisweni, abantu abangaphezu kuka-10% abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-75 banesimo esithile "seSifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile".

Zivame kangakanani lezi zimo?

Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo yisona esivame kakhulu kulezi. E-United States kuphela, cishe abantu abangu-2.5% banalesi simo. Singabangelwa yi-stenosis noma i-valvular regurgitation. I-Mitral valve regurgitation kanye ne-aortic valve stenosis yizona ezivame kakhulu.

Izimo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo ziyizinkinga zokuzalwa ezivame kakhulu e-United States. Cishe u-1% wezingane ezizalwa minyaka yonke, noma cishe izingane ezingu-40,000, zinalesi simo.

I-cardiomyopathy (isifo semisipha yenhliziyo) sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-500 e-United States. Kunezimbangela eziningi zalokhu, okuhlanganisa isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, imiphumela yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, izici zemvelo ezifana notshwala, kanye nezici zofuzo.

Izifo zenhliziyo eziphathelene nokwakheka kwazo ziwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Cabanga ngakho njengenjini yomzimba wethu. Kupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Yilapho amangqamuzana ethu ethola khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba azidingayo ngegazi, kanti negazi liphinde lisuse ukungcola emaseli. Ngakho-ke, uma inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle ngenxa yenkinga ngesakhiwo sayo, ezinye izitho nezicubu emzimbeni wethu azitholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungalimaza izitho ezahlukene zomzimba, futhi kungase kuvele ezinye izinkinga zempilo nezimpawu.

Yiziphi izimbangela zalezi zifo zenhliziyo?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

• Ukuzalwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezithile ezakhiweni zomzimba wethu (i-DNA noma izakhi zofuzo) zingabangela ukukhubazeka ekukhuleni kwenhliziyo.
• Izimbangela ezingenzeka kamuva:
• Ukuguga: Lokhu kungabangela ukufakwa kwe-calcium ema-valve enhliziyo.
• Ukulutheka kotshwala noma izidakamizwa.
• I-Aortic aneurysm.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo, isibonelo, i-lupus kanye nomkhuhlane wamathambo.
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (i-Myocardial infarction).
• Izifo ezilimaza inhliziyo, izibonelo: `(Amyloidosis)`, `(Hemochromatosis)`, `(Sarcoidosis)`.
• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis).
• Izifo ze-endocrine gland, izibonelo: Isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo se-thyroid.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni eningi ngokweqile.
• Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-'Marfan syndrome'.
• Izifo ezihlobene nemisipha njenge-muscular dystrophy.
• Ukuqongelela kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi (i-Atherosclerosis).

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Kuyamangaza ukuthi abanye abantu abanalesi "Sifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile" kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuqina, noma ingcindezi.
• Ukuzungeza, ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo, noma ukuquleka (i-Syncope).
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala).
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia).
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea).
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, amaqakala, noma izinyawo (i-Edema).

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabangelwa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela eqondile.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani ?

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, odokotela bangahlola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni yomntwana ngokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi "i-echocardiogram yengane." Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo yomntwana.

Kubantwana nakubantu abadala, lapho udokotela wakho elalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope, bangase bezwe umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (ukububula kwenhliziyo). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo. Bangase benze izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Kule nqubo, kufakwa ithubhu elincane enhliziyweni ngomthambo osesinqeni noma engalweni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi emakamelweni enhliziyo. Kungathatha nezithombe ezicacile zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• I-Coronary angiogram: Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-cardiac catheterization. Kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi bese kusetshenziswa i-X-ray ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani enhliziyweni, emithanjeni, nasema-valve.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zamagumbi namavalvu enhliziyo. Kungabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ipompa kanjani igazi.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wakubona ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokunamathisela izitika esifubeni sakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Kulesi sivivinyo, ucelwa ukuba ugijime noma uhambe ku-treadmill futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho liyaqashelwa.
• I-Holter monitor: Lena idivayisi encane egqokwa emzimbeni wakho amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 futhi iqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Ezinye izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe: Izivivinyo ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI yenhliziyo zingabona izinkinga zesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwesifuba.

Kulezi, izivivinyo ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxilonga isifo senhliziyo esihlelekile yi-ECG kanye ne-Echocardiogram.

Lesi sifo selashwa kanjani?

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-`(Structural Heart Disease)` zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokuqapha isimo sakho ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

Kwezinye izinhlobo, udokotela angase ancome izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Imithi: Imithi ingase inikezwe ukulawula izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, noma ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Izinqubo zenhliziyo ezingangenisi kakhulu: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka amathuluzi ngemigodi embalwa emincane, ngaphandle kokwenza ukusika okukhulu, ukulungisa ivalvu enephutha noma ukuyishintsha ngentsha.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile: Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo uvula isifuba futhi afinyelele inhliziyo ukuze enze izinto ezifana nokufakelwa ama-valve, noma ngezinye izikhathi ukufakelwa inhliziyo.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami yokuthola lesi sifo?

Uma ukhulelwe, ungenza lezi zinto ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ihlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo:

• Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela noma isimo esifana nesifo sokuwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi okufanele uyithathe.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Yeka ukuphuza utshwala.
• Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze ujabule, yeka ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphelele.
• Thatha ama-microgram angu-400 e-folate (i-folic acid) nsuku zonke (kungcono ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe).

Landela le mikhuba yezempilo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nesifo se-valve yenhliziyo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesifo semisipha yenhliziyo (cardiomyopathy):

• Gcina isisindo somzimba esifanele.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo (okunamafutha amancane, usawoti, noshukela, kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi).
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala futhi ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ukuze ujabule.
• Uma unezinye izimo zempilo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo se-thyroid, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho futhi uzilawule.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Uma nginayo (iSifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile), ikusasa lami liyoba njani?

Lokhu kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa:

• Usunesikhathi esingakanani unalesi simo?
• Ubunzima besifo.
• Uhlobo luni lwesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi "Structural Heart Disease" onalo?
• Ezinye izinkinga zempilo onazo.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Abantu abaningi abaneSifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile baphila impilo ende nejabulisayo. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube sengozini encane yokutheleleka kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela ukutheleleka lapho wenza izinqubo zamazinyo noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yezimo ezifana ne-endocarditis.

Nginesifo senhliziyo (Structural Heart Disease), ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ungenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile futhi unciphise izinkinga:

• Yazisa bonke odokotela abakwelaphayo ngesimo senhliziyo yakho kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
• Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela bakho kusenesikhathi. Bangahlola izingozi zakho futhi bakusize uthole indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha isimo sakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Bonana nodokotela wenhliziyo njalo ukuze aqaphe isimo sakho. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela noma weqe ama-aphoyintimenti kadokotela wakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo Senhliziyo Esihlelekile siyinkinga ngesakhiwo senhliziyo yakho, okusho ukuma, izindonga, ama-valve, noma imisipha. Singaba khona lapho uzalwa noma sikhule kamuva ekuphileni. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yi-cardiomyopathy, isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso, kanye nesifo se-valve yenhliziyo.

Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa, noma udokotela wakho angase akuncomele imithi noma ukuhlinzwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi ubonane nodokotela wenhliziyo njalo. Khona-ke nawe ungaphila impilo ejabulisayo negcwele. Uma uneminye imibuzo ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

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