Wake wazibuza ukuthi izingalo zakho, intamo, nekhanda lakho zithola kanjani amandla eziwadingayo ukuze zisebenze, okungukuthi, igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemithambo yegazi emibili ekhethekile enika amandla engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, esebenza njengohlelo oluyinhloko lokuphakelwa kwamanzi edolobheni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Subclavian Arteries. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, umsebenzi wayo ulula kakhulu futhi ubalulekile.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukulawula i-subclavian?
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengesiteshi esikhulu sokupompa. Lesi siteshi sokupompa sithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho ngohlelo olukhulu lwamapayipi. Amapayipi amabili amakhulu kulolo hlelo yimithambo ye-subclavian. Lawa atholakala ngaphansi nje kwamathambo akho e-collarbone. Elinye ngakwesokudla, elinye ngakwesokunxele.
Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukuthwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye entanyeni, ekhanda nasezingalweni zakho . Ngokuqondile, le mithambo isebenza ngezingxenye ezintathu:
- Ingxenye yokuqala: Le ngxenye ihlinzeka ngegazi 'ku-circle of Willis', uhlelo olukhulu lwemithambo yegazi oluhlinzeka ngegazi esifubeni sakho, endlaleni ye-thyroid, kanye nasebuchosheni.
- Ingxenye Yesibili: Lokhu kuzopompa igazi liye ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zentamo.
- Isigaba 3: Lena yingxenye ekude kakhulu. Ihlinzeka ngegazi ezingalweni zakho, okuhlanganisa nemisipha ye-biceps kanye ne-triceps yakho, kanye namahlombe akho.
Akuphi la mathempeli futhi ayini amagatsha awo?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yomibili le misipha itholakala ngaphansi kwamathambo e-collarbone. Kodwa-ke, izindawo zokuqala zale misipha emibili zihlukile kancane.
- Umthambo We-Subclavian Wesokudla: Lokhu kuqala emthanjeni wakho we-brachiocephalic.
- Umthambo We-Subclavian Wesobunxele: Lokhu kuqala ngqo kusuka ku-aorta arch.
Le mithambo emibili iphuma phakathi komzimba wakho, idlule eduze kombambo wakho wokuqala, lapho iba khona imithambo ye-axillary. Endleleni, le mithambo eyinhloko ihlukana iye kwamanye amagatsha abalulekile.
| Igama Legatsha | Umsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Imithambo yomgogodla | Inikeza igazi ezingxenyeni zobuchopho kanye nesiqu sobuchopho. |
| Imithambo yangaphakathi yesifuba | Ihlinzeka ngegazi ku-pericardium, ithambo lesifuba, i-diaphragm, kanye nezingxenye zodonga lwesifuba. (Odokotela basebenzisa lo mthambo ukuze bafake imithambo yenhliziyo edlulayo.) |
| Imithambo ye-dorsal scapular | Ithwala igazi liye emisipheni engenhla emhlane esekela izingalo namahlombe. |
| Isiqu se-Thyrocervical | Igijima iye phezulu ezinhlangothini zentamo bese ihambisa igazi entanyeni nasemahlombe. |
| Isiqu se-Costocervical | Njengoba zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo, zithumela igazi ezingalweni, entanyeni nasekhanda. |
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta lokhu kuziphatha?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, umthambo we-subclavian ungathinteka yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo manje. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi, ngoba uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi, kulula ukuzelapha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unalezi zimpawu, ungabheki nje i-inthanethi bese unquma ukuthi unesifo, kodwa nakanjani bonana nodokotela bese ucela iseluleko.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| I-atherosclerosis | Lesi yisimo sonke esisazi ngokuthi 'ukufakwa kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi'. I-cholesterol namafutha (i-plaque) kunganqwabelana futhi kuvimbe ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| I-Thoracic outlet syndrome | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo uba mncane (stenosis) ngenxa yemisipha, amathambo, noma ezinye izicubu ezizungezile umthambo. Lokhu kunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza engalweni. |
| I-arteritis kaTakayasu | Lesi yisimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-vasculitis. Kulesi simo, umthambo we-subclavian uyavuvukala futhi uvuvuke. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni. |
| I-Subclavian steal syndrome | Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi ukuncipha komthambo kubangela ukuthi elinye igazi okufanele liye ebuchosheni "lidonseleke" eceleni kwengalo uma wenza umsebenzi wezandla. Lokhu kunciphisa inani legazi eliya ebuchosheni, okungaholela ezintweni ezifana nesiyezi. |
Izimpawu ezivamile zalolu hlobo lwenkinga
Manje ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ongase uzizwe uma unalesi simo. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu njalo, kungcono ukubona udokotela.
- Umfutho wegazi uyashintsha phakathi kwezingalo ezimbili: I-BP engalweni eyodwa ikhombisa inani eliphansi kakhulu kunenye.
- Ukushintsha kombala wesandla noma weminwe: Kungaba mhlophe noma kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuhlungu, noma ubuthakathaka esandleni: Isandla sizizwa singasasebenzi, singasasebenzi, noma sibuhlungu.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesandla.
- Ukuzwela umkhuhlane: Ukuzizwa sengathi izandla zakho zibanda ngokushesha kunezinye.
- Ukuzungeza: Ukuzungeza, ikakhulukazi lapho wenza umsebenzi wezandla.
- Imfiva.
- Ukuquleka.
Udokotela usihlola kanjani lesi simo?
Uma uya kudokotela onalezi zimpawu, uzoqala ngokukubuza imibuzo bese ekuxilonga. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kudingeka, angakuthumela kwezinye zalezi zivivinyo.
- Ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi ezingalweni zombili.
- Ukuskena kwe-Vascular ultrasound: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvinjelwa.
- I-X-ray yesifuba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT scan noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic resonance imaging - i-MRI).
- I-Angiogram: Lokhu akwenziwa kaningi. Kulokhu, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emzimbeni bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kudalwe imephu yemithambo yegazi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo eziningi zalezi zimo. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngesimo sakho. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuvula kabusha umthambo ovalekile noma onciphile bese ubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi.
Nge-atherosclerosis:
- I-aspirin kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
- I-Angioplasty: Idivayisi efana nebhaluni ifakwa emthanjeni ukuze kucindezelwe ungqimba olunamafutha odongeni, kuvulwe kabusha umthambo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungafakwa i-stent ukuze kugcinwe umthambo uvulekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass: Ukuhlinzwa okudala umzila omusha wegazi ukuze ligeleze emthanjeni ovalekile.
Nge-thoracic outlet syndrome:
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba.
- Ama-Painkiller (ama-NSAID).
- Imithi yokuncibilikisa amahlule egazi (i-Thrombolytics).
- Ama-anticoagulant.
- Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe imbangela yokuvaleka.
Nge-arteritis kaTakayasu:
- Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala njenge-corticosteroids.
- Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
- I-Angioplasty noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuvulwe ukuvaleka.
Izinto esingazenza ukuze sigcine lokhu kulinganisela kunempilo
Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukuze ugcine uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo luphilile yizinto ezifanayo okufanele uzenze ukuze ugcine umthambo wakho we-subclavian uphilile. Lezi izinto ezilula kakhulu ezingafakwa empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-cholesterol. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kanye nemithi njengoba nje uyalelwe.
- Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (ukubhema) ngokuphelele.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ngisho nokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kuyinto enkulu.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.Yidla izithelo, imifino, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele okwengeziwe. Nciphisa uwoyela, usawoti, kanye noshukela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umthambo we-subclavian uwumthambo wegazi obaluleke kakhulu ohlinzeka ngegazi emzimbeni wethu ongaphezulu, ikakhulukazi izingalo, intamo, kanye nobuchopho.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bengalo, ukungazweli, isiyezi, noma izinguquko zomfutho wegazi ezingalweni zakho.
- Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingathinta leli khono, kodwa eziningi zazo zinezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kungavikela lo mthambo kanye nohlelo lonke lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ngakho.
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