Uma sishaya ikhanda endaweni ethile, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi, "O, kuyisigaxa esincane nje futhi kulungile," akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma sishaya ikhanda lethu kanzima, asiboni umonakalo ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu. Yilapho-ke isimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngisho nesisongela ukuphila singavela khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Subdural Hematoma . Kalula nje, yilapho igazi liqoqana ngaphakathi kwekhanda, nxazonke kobuchopho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngqo, kalula.
Kuyini i-Subdural Hematoma?
I-subdural hematoma ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ngokukhethekile, iyiqoqo legazi phakathi kwezingqimba ze-membrane ezivikela ubuchopho bethu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda.
Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu njengegugu eliyigugu. Kunezembozo ezifana nomcamelo ezizungeze lelo gugu ukuze livikeleke. Ngokufanayo, kunezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-membrane zokuvikela ubuchopho bethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(ama-meninge)`.
- I-Dura mater: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu, oluqinile ngaphansi kogebhezi.
- I-Arachnoid mater: Lena ungqimba oluphakathi noluthambile olufana nolwembu lwesicabucabu.
- I-Pia mater: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu olunamathele ebuchosheni uqobo.
I-hematoma ye-subdural yenzeka lapho ukushaywa ekhanda kubangela ukuthi umthambo wegazi omncane phakathi kwalezi zingqimba uqhume. Igazi elivela emthonjeni oqhumile libe seliqoqana esikhaleni esiphakathi kwe -dura mater yangaphandle kanye ne-inner arachnoid mater . Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwegazi, okwakha i-blood clot, kubizwa ngokuthi i-subdural hematoma. Lesi yisimo esibi esiwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
Ihlule legazi elakheka ngale ndlela liqala ukucindezela ubuchopho. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Subdural Hematoma?
Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngokususelwa kwisivinini sokuqala kwezimpawu, inani lokopha, kanye nezinga lokulimala kobuchopho. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukwelashwa.
| Uhlobo | Isikhathi sokuqala kwezimpawu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|---|
| Okubukhali | Kungakapheli imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu noluzumayo . Izimpawu zivela ngemva kokulimala okukhulu ekhanda. Ukugeleza kwegazi kuyashesha, ngakho-ke ingcindezi ebuchosheni iyanda ngokushesha kakhulu. Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni yingqondo, ukukhubazeka, noma ngisho nokufa. |
| I-Subacute | Kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa | Izimpawu zibonakala kancane kancane. Izimpawu zingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yisonto, ngemva kokulimala ekhanda. Lesi simo singase senzeke ngokuphazamiseka kwengqondo . |
| Okungapheli | Kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa | Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65. Ukopha kukhulu kakhulu, kucishe kufane nokuconsa. Ngakho-ke, kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthi izimpawu zivele. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho kuvela izimpawu, ungase ungakhumbuli nokuthi ushaye ikhanda lakho. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala ekhanda, noma zingase zivele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuya ngohlobo esixoxe ngalo ngenhla.
Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli nelinzima: Lokhu kubi kakhulu ikakhulukazi ohlotsheni lwe-`(Acute)`.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Dysarthria): Amagama ayaxaka futhi azwakala sengathi ayangingiza.
- Ukushintsha kombono: Umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili.
- Ukuzungeza: Ukuzizwa sengathi ikhanda lakho liyazungeza.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi: Ukungazethembi lapho uhamba.
- Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba: Ingalo noma umlenze uba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka.
Izimpawu zibonakala ikakhulukazi kuhlobo olungapheli
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva.
- Ukudideka: Awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi isikhathi sini.
- Izinguquko zokuziphatha: Intukuthelo nokucasuka okungazelelwe.
Kwabantwana abancaneUma lokhu kwenzeka, ugebhezi lwabo lungase lukhule njengoba igazi liqoqana ngoba ugebhezi lwabo lusathambile.
Izimpawu ezingase zivele uma isimo sibi kakhulu
Njengoba igazi liqongelela ngaphakathi ekhanda futhi umfutho ukhuphuka, izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu.
- Ukukhubazeka
- Ukuquleka
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
- I-Coma
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi azikho izimpawu ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala ekhanda. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Ngakho-ke kuyingozi ukumane uthi, "Ngiphilile" uma ulimele ekhanda.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-Subdural Hematoma?
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala ekhanda. Isibonelo:
- Ukushelela nokuwa endlini yokugezela nokushayeka ekhanda lakho.
- Ukulimala ekhanda ebhayisikilini, emotweni enamasondo amathathu, noma engozini yemoto.
- Ukushaya ikhanda lakho ngenkathi udlala imidlalo efana nebhola noma i-rugby.
- Ukulimala ekhanda ngenxa yokuhlaselwa.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi simo ngemva kwengozi, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kanye nezingane ezincane basengozini enkulu. Njengoba sikhula, ubuchopho bethu buyancipha ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kudala isikhala esincane phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho. Lokhu kunganweba imithambo yegazi ethambile eholela ebuchosheni. Ngisho noma ukuwa okuncane, le mithambo yegazi enwetshiwe ingaqhekeka kalula futhi yophe igazi. Njengoba imisipha yentamo yezingane ezincane ingaqinile, lesi simo singavela uma inyakaziswa kakhulu (ishanked baby syndrome) .
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi: Imithi efana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi, ilawula ukujiya kwegazi. Uma umuntu osebenzisa le mithi eshaya ikhanda lakhe, ukopha kungase kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokuyeka.
- Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha: Abantu abanezifo eziphazamisa ukujiya kwegazi, njenge- hemophilia, basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile isikhathi eside kungalimaza isibindi. Isibindi sikhiqiza amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. Lapho isibindi sonakele, lawo maprotheni ayayeka ukukhiqizwa, okwandisa ingozi yokopha.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya esibhedlela ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda, udokotela uzoqala akuhlole ngokucophelela. Uzokubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Yiziphi izimpawu ozibonayo?
- Ushayeke kanjani ekhanda lakho futhi nini?
- Yiziphi ezinye izifo onazo?
- Yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisayo?
Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kukhona ukusolakala kwe-hematoma engaphansi kwe-subdural, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwekhanda.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kungathatha isithombe sangaphakathi lekhanda ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe ukopha. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni izinga lokopha kanye nokuthi kungakanani ubudala.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Esimweni esiphuthumayo, odokotela abase -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela bazoqala bazinzise ukuphefumula kwakho kanye nomfutho wegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwelashwa kuzonqunywa ngokusekelwe enanini lokopha kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu zakho.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma kukhona ihlule legazi elikhulu futhi izimpawu zinzima, ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka. Lokhu kwenziwa udokotela ohlinza izinzwa .
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa okwesikhashana ingxenye encane yogebhezi ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele ihlule legazi eliqongeleleke ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi kuma-hematomas acute.
- Imigodi ye-Burr: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza imbobo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu encane kakhulu ekhanda, ukufaka ipayipi elincane kuyo, bese kukhishwa igazi kancane kancane. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-hematomas angapheli.
- Ukubheka ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ihlule legazi lincane kakhulu futhi kungekho zimpawu, ukuhlinzwa akudingeki. Udokotela uzokugcina esibhedlela ukuze uhlolwe. Bazokunikeza imithi futhi bakwenze ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe ukuze babone ukuthi ihlule legazi liyancibilika yini.
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Isikhathi sokululama kulesi simo siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu balulama ngokuphelele phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanomonakalo omkhulu wobuchopho, bangase bangalulami ngokuphelele.
Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezinkinga zokukhumbula noma ubuthakathaka ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungase udinge ukulungiswa.
- Abelaphi bomzimba: Basiza ngezinto ezifana nokuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.
- Abelaphi bomsebenzi: Qeqesha abantu kabusha ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuzimela (njengokugqoka nokudla).
- Odokotela bezifo zolimi lokukhuluma: Selapha ubunzima bokukhuluma noma bokugwinya.
Ingabe zikhona izinkinga zalesi simo?
Uma kungelashwa, amahlule amakhulu egazi angaholela e-coma ngisho nasekufeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezinjengalezi zingavela.
- Ukuqhekeka kobuchopho: Lesi yisimo lapho ingcindezi ebuchosheni ikhula kakhulu kangangokuthi izingxenye zobuchopho ziqhuma zisuke endaweni yazo evamile. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukuphinda kopha: Kukhona ingozi yokuphinda kopha ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile.
- Ukuquleka: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuquleka ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa nokululama.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ushaya ikhanda lakho, ungacabangi nje ukuthi, "Akuyona into engathi sína." Ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu osekhulile, ingane encane, noma umuntu othatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, noma ukudideka, ungachithi isikhathi bese uya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma uphuza ukufuna ukwelashwa isikhathi eside, kulapho ubuchopho bakho bungenza umonakalo omkhulu khona. Ngakho-ke ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho noma yothandekayo wakho.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela kahle. Qaphela ukuthi ungashayi ikhanda lakho ngenkathi usalulama.
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