Wake wazizwa umuzwa ongavamile enhliziyweni yakho ngaphandle kwesizathu? Njengomuzwa we-déjà vu, noma umuzwa ongavamile esiswini sakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubungazi ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakho isikhathi esithile. Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile, ngezinye izikhathi zingabangelwa ushintsho oluncane ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, okuyi-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE).
Kalula nje, iyini i-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)?
I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) uhlobo lokuxhuzula (ukuqina) okubangelwa ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kukagesi engxenyeni yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Temporal Lobe'. Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi iyini le 'Temporal Lobe'.
Lezi zingqimba ezimbili zesikhashana zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuchopho bethu, ngemuva nje kwezihlathi naphambi kancane kwezindlebe. Le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke.
- Izinkumbulo: Yilokhu okusisiza sikhumbule futhi sikhumbule izinto esizifundayo, izinkumbulo zethu ezindala.
- Imisindo: Sisize siqonde lokho esikuzwayo.
- Umbono: Usisiza ukuthi sibone lokho esikubonayo.
- Inkulumo nolimi: Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ekuqondeni lokho esikushoyo nalokho okushiwo abanye.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, ilawula nezinto eziningi ezingalawulwa ngamabomu, njengendlala, ukoma, impendulo yokulwa noma yokubaleka, imizwa yethu, kanye nemizwa yocansi.
Ngakho-ke, i-TLE iyisifo sokuwa esivame kakhulu kule ndawo ebalulekile. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuwa kubantu abadala, oluqala endaweni ethile yobuchopho (i-focal epilepsy). Ungakhathazeki, lesi simo singaphathwa kahle.
Ingabe kunendaba ukuthi ungohlangothini lwesobunxele noma lwesokudla lobuchopho?
Yebo, izimpawu nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ingahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi ukulingana kuqala ku-lobe yesikhashana yesobunxele noma ku-lobe yesikhashana yesokudla yobuchopho.
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula Se-Left Temporal Lobe: Kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abantu abasebenzisa isandla sokudla, uhlangothi lwesobunxele luyisici esiyinhloko sobuchopho esihilelekile olimini nasekukhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, abantu abane-TLE yesobunxele bangase babe nezinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengobunzima bokukhumbula amagama ezinto, ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele okufanele bawasho, kanye nezinguquko emizweni.
- Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwe-Lobe Yesikhathi Sangakwesokudla: Abantu abanesifo sokuqaqamba kwe-lobe yesikhathi sangakwesokudla abanankinga enkulu ngolimi. Kodwa-ke, bangase babe nobunzima bokukhumbula izimpawu ezingezona ezomlomo (njengobuso nemigwaqo). Bangase futhi babhekane nezinguquko emizweni yabo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-TLE?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-TLE, kuye ngokuthi indawo eqondile iqala kuphi.
1. I-Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE): Igama elithi "Mesial" lisho "phakathi." Kulolu hlobo lwe-epilepsy, ukuxhuzula kuqala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwe-hippocampus, isakhiwo esitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-temporal lobe. I-hippocampus ifana nomtapo wolwazi omncane lapho kugcinwa khona izinkumbulo zethu. Iningi labantu abane-TLE linalolu hlobo lwe-MTLE.
2. I-Neocortical (noma i-Lateral) Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Kulesi simo, ukulingana kuqala engxenyeni engaphandle ye-temporal lobe.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-TLE? Itholakala kanjani?
Izimpawu ze-TLE zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Esinye yizimpawu zangaphambi kokuquleka ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuquleka. Lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi 'i-aura'. Esinye yizimpawu ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuquleka.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, akuwona wonke umuntu ozwa le 'aura'. I-'aura' empeleni iwukufiphala okufushane. Ngaleso sikhathi, usuke uqaphile, kodwa uzizwa imizwa engavamile. Lokhu kungahlala kusukela kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya cishe emizuzwini emibili.
Ake sibheke lezi zici ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
| Izimpawu ze-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) | |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwesici | Incazelo nezibonelo |
| Izimpawu zazizwakala ngaphambi kokuqina komzimba (i-Aura) | |
| Imizwa yengqondo engavamile | I-Déjà vu: Umuzwa ojwayelekile, njengokungathi lokhu kuye kwenzeka ngaphambili. I-Jamais vu: Indawo ejwayelekile, lapho umuntu ezizwa sengathi ungumfokazi ngokuphelele. Kufika inkumbulo endala ngokuzumayo engqondweni. |
| Imizwa engazelelwe | Umuzwa osheshayo wokwesaba okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, intukuthelo, ukudabuka, noma injabulo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. |
| Imizwa yomzimba | Ukubhonga okungajwayelekile noma umuzwa wokucasuka esiswini (njengokugibela i-roller coaster). |
| Izinguquko zemizwa | Ushintsho oluzumayo lokuzwa, ukubona, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, noma ukuthinta, luba namandla kakhulu. Ungase unuke ngisho nento engekho. |
| Izimpawu ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa | |
| Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuguqulwa kwengqondo | Uba nomuzwa wokunganaki indawo ezungezile. Akaphenduli engxoxweni. Ubheka indawo efanayo engenalutho. Izimbobo zamehlo zingase zivuleke. |
| Izenzo ezingenanjongo (Okuzenzakalelayo) | Izenzo eziphindaphindwayo ezenziwa ngokungazi. Izibonelo: ukusunduza izindebe zakho, ukugwinya ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuthinta ekhoneni lezingubo zakho, ukwenza okuthile ngezandla zakho. |
| Izinkinga zokukhuluma | Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma isikhashana, noma ukungakwazi ukuqonda okushiwoyo (i-aphasia). |
| Ukudideka kanye nezinguquko zomzimba | Ngemva kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ingqondo iyadideka. Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba uyaqina futhi ungase uqhaqhazele. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?
Kalula nje, i-TLE yenzeka lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons) ku-lobe yesikhashana kuphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile, lawa maseli ezinzwa athumela izimpawu zikagesi ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze agcine ubuchopho bethu busebenza. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlangana, lawa maseli ezinzwa aqhuma njalo ngaphandle kokulawula.
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko ezingathinta lokhu:
- I-Hippocampal sclerosis: Lesi yimbangela eyinhloko ye-TLE. Kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa endaweni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-hippocampus, ehilelekile ekukhumbuleni, elimala futhi eba nezibazi.
- Izimila zobuchopho: Izimila ezinomdlavuza noma ezingengozini zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu: Ukulimala ekhanda ngenxa yengozi embi kakhulu.
- Izifo: Izifo ezifana ne-encephalitis kanye ne-meningitis.
- Izinkinga ekuzalweni: Ukukhubazeka okuthile okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho (i-Focal cortical dysplasia).
- Izinkinga zemithambo yegazi: Izimo ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Izinhlobo zofuzo: Amathonya athile ofuzo adluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Izimbangela Ezingaziwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela ethile ingase ingatholakali.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
I-TLE ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi.
- Uma uke waba nokuquleka okubangelwa umkhuhlane useyingane: Ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nokuquleka okuningi. Kodwa khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu oke waba nokuquleka okubangelwa umkhuhlane ozoba ne-TLE. Akuvamile kakhulu.
- Uma une-status epilepticus: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuxhuzula kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5, noma ukuthi ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uqonde.
- Uma unesimila sobuchopho noma unesifo sokuzalwa.
- Uma uke waba nokulimala ekhanda noma ukutheleleka kobuchopho useyingane.
- Uma othile emndenini ene-TLE.
Yiziphi izinkinga eziba khona uma zingelashwa?
Uma i-TLE ingelashwa isikhathi eside, kungavela izinkinga ezithile. Le ngozi iyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukwanda kokuquleka kwanda.
Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukwesabe, kodwa kukhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto, ikakhulukazi ezintsha.
- Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka: Ukuphila nalesi simo kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwengqondo.
- Ukwehla kwekhono lokufunda nokwenza izinqumo.
- I-SUDEP (Ukufa okungazelelwe kwesifo sokuwa): Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile kakhulu, kodwa engathi sína kakhulu. Kulokhu, umuntu onesifo sokuwa ufa ngokuzumayo futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa le ngozi ukulawula kahle ukuwa.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uke waba nesifo sokuwa noma usola ukuthi uke waba naso, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Uzokubuza imibuzo, akuhlole, futhi, uma kudingeka, enze izivivinyo ezithile ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo esingakanani.
- Ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho: Udokotela uzobuza ngokwenzekile ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokulimala.
- Isitatimende sofakazi: Njengoba ungase ulahlekelwe ingqondo ngesikhathi sokuwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuletha umuntu owayenawe ngaleso sikhathi (ilungu lomndeni, umngane) kudokotela. Bangachaza ngqo lokho abakubonile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho kanye nohlelo lwemizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza futhi izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:
- I-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokubukana Kwamagnetic): Ithatha izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho ukuze ibone ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka (njengesimila noma isilonda).
- I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Izinzwa ezincane zifakwa ekhanda bese ziqopha umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuxhuzula, kungakhomba ukuthi ukuxhuzula kuqala kuphi ebuchosheni. Ungagcinwa esibhedlela usuku olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze uhlolwe i-Video-EEG.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-TLE?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ze-TLE. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
1. Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka
Lona umugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa. Kunemithi eminingi engalawula i-TLE. (isib. i-Carbamazepine, i-Levetiracetam, i-Valproate).
Udokotela angase azame izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi kanye nemithamo ehlukene uze uthole imithi efanele kanye nemithamo efanele wena. Njengokukhetha izingubo ezifanele thina, lokhu kungathatha isikhathi. Kubalulekile ukulandela ukwelashwa ngesineke.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma usuvele ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho. Eminye imithi ingathinta ingane. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi ephephile ngaleso sikhathi.
2. Ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa kwesifo sokuwa)
Uma ukulingana kungenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi, noma uma kukhona imbangela engasuswa, njengesimila sobuchopho, udokotela angase atuse ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwesikhashana: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye encane ye-temporal lobe yobuchopho lapho kuqala khona ukuxhuzula. Odokotela abahlinzayo bezinzwa benza lokhu ngokucophelela, beqaphela ukuthi bangalimazi eminye imisebenzi yobuchopho. Abantu abaningi bakwazile ukuvimba ukuxhuzula kwabo cishe ngokuphelele ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa.
3. Ukuvuselela izinzwa
Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma imithi ingasebenzi futhi ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthumela izimpawu zikagesi ebuchosheni ngedivayisi encane efakwe emzimbeni, okunciphisa kancane kancane ukuvama kokuxhuzula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kufana nokufaka umshini wokushaya kwenhliziyo enhliziyweni.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unesifo sokuwa noma usola ukuthi unesifo sokuwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uma usuvele welashwa i-TLE, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha uma:
- Uma ukuqina kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5. (Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo futhi kufanele uyiswe eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.)
- Uma ukugula okukodwa sekuphelile bese kufika okunye ngaphambi kokuba ubuye uqonde.
- Uma imvamisa kanye nobukhali bokulingana kukhula ngokuzumayo.
- Uma kuvela imiphumela emisha emibi evela emuthini.
- Uma kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukululama ngemva kokukhubazeka.
I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy yisimo esilawulekayo. Ukuphila naso kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, ungaphila impilo evamile. Awuwedwa, futhi udokotela wakho nomndeni wakho bakhona ukukusiza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) uhlobo lokuxhuzula okwenzeka engxenyeni yobuchopho. Kungathinta inkumbulo, imizwa, kanye nolimi.
- Uphawu oluvamile lwalesi simo umuzwa ongajwayelekile (aura) owenzeka ngaphambi kokuxhuzula. Isibonelo, iphunga elingavamile, noma ubuhlungu besisu.
- I-TLE ingaba nezimbangela eziningi. Ukulimala ekhanda, izifo, kanye nezibazi zobuchopho (i-hippocampal sclerosis) yizona eziyinhloko.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa imithi, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokuvuselela imizwa. Abantu abaningi bangalawula kahle ukuquleka kwabo ngokwelashwa.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, ingozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside iyancipha.
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