Impilo YokuvimbelaJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 6 min

Ingabe siyazi ngempela ngezinto eziyingozi enganeni (ama-teratogens) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-16T13:51:51.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Uma ungumama ozayo, umhlaba wakho wonke ujikeleza ingane encane esibelethweni sakho. Usebenza kanzima kangakanani ukumnika okungcono kakhulu, ukumvikela kuzo zonke izingozi? Kodwa ngaphandle kwethu ukwazi, kunezinto ezithile ezingalimaza ingane yethu. Lezi zingaba ekudleni kwethu, emithini, noma ngisho nasendaweni esihlala kuyo. Kunegama elikhethekile lalezo zinto kwezokwelapha. Libizwa ngokuthi 'ama-teratogens'. Sikhuluma ngalokhu namuhla.

Ziyini lezi zinhlobo ze-teratogens?

Kalula nje, lokhu kuyinto engaphazamisa ukukhula kombungu uma umama eyigwinya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ibangele ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa (izinkinga zokuzalwa). Lokhu kungafaka imithi, amakhemikhali, izifo ezithile, kanye nemithi. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungandisa ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ngisho nezimo ezinzima njengokuzalwa komntwana eseshonile.

Phakathi kwezimbangela zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukuchayeka kuma-teratogens kubalwa phakathi kuka-4% no-5% wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuyingozi engavinjelwa uma sazi.

Yini enquma ukuthi lezi zinto ziyingozi kangakanani?

Cabanga ngomama okhulelwe evezwa into efana nale. Umonakalo okubangela ingane awufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuncike ezintweni eziningana.

Uhlobo lwento eyingozi: Eminye imithi namakhemikhali ayingozi kakhulu kuneminye.
Ubude besikhathi sokuchayeka: Lokhu kusho ukuthi uchithe isikhathi esingakanani ubhekene nalesi sidakamizwa.
Inani lokuchayeka (umthamo): Ukuchayeka eningini kuyingozi kakhulu kunokuchayeka eningini elincane.
Isigaba sokukhulelwa: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Izitho zomntwana ziqala ukwakheka emasontweni okuqala okukhulelwa. Umonakalo ongaba khona ngenxa yokuchayeka kulolu hlobo lwento mkhulu kakhulu phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Izici Ezizuzwayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ithonya lezakhi zofuzo elivela kumama noma kubaba lingandisa ingozi enganeni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-teratogens esizibonayo?

Ake sibheke izinto esihlangana nazo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ezingalimaza ingane. Ngizozethula etafuleni ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.

Uhlobo lwento/isimo esiyingozi	Izibonelo kanye nencazelo
Utshwala, ugwayi nezidakamizwa	Utshwala: Bulimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa lomntwana. Bungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Ugwayi: Yehlisa ijubane lokukhula komntwana, yandisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuphuphuma kwesisu. Ezinye izidakamizwa (i-cocaine, i-heroin, insangu): Zingabangela ukuzalwa unesisindo esiphansi, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Eminye imithi	Kokubili imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC) ethengwe emakhemisi kanye nemithi kadokotela enikezwe udokotela ingawela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Izibonelo: Eminye imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa Ama-anticoagulant Eminye imithi enikezwa i-thyroid gland (imithi ye-Antithyroid) I-Vitamin A, etholakala kwezinye izikhilimu zesikhumba Eminye imithi yama-hormone
Izifo kanye nama-virus	Ezinye izifo ezitholwa ngumama nazo zingathinta ingane. Kunezifo eziningana ezaziwa ngesifinyezo esithi TORCH. I-T - I-Toxoplasmosis - (ingadluliselwa ngendle yekati) O - Ezinye izifo - izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI), njenge-syphilis. R - I-Rubella C - Igciwane le-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Igciwane le -H - i-Herpes simplex Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-hepatitis B no-C, kanye ne-HIV nazo ziyingozi.
Ubuthi emvelweni	Ukuchayeka emisebeni efana ne-X-ray. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhavu ashisayo nama-sauna, okwandisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngokweqile. Ukudla njalo izinhlanzi ezinkulu eziqukethe i-mercury (njenge-tuna ne-mackerel). Umthofu - Ungaba khona kupende nasemapayipini amanzi emakhaya amadala. Izinsimbi ezisindayo namakhemikhali asetshenziswa emafektri.
Izifo ezingapheli zikamama	Izimo ezingalawulwa njengesifo sikashukela, izimo ze-thyroid, kanye nezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba njenge-lupus noma imithi ethathwayo nazo zingathinta ingane.

Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngemithi.

Ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthatha imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe lo muthi ulungele ingane?" Lokho kuyaqondakala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuthi obalulekile empilweni noma empilweni kamama kufanele unikezwe, noma ngabe kukhona ingozi encane enganeni. Isibonelo, uma umama onesifo sokuwa eyeka ukuthatha umuthi wakhe, ingozi engaba khona kumama nomntwana inkulu kakhulu kunomonakalo ovela kulo muthi. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ulinganisa izingozi kumama nomntwana futhi enze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngengozi ephansi kakhulu.

Ngisho noma uthenga umuthi ojwayelekile wokukhwehlela noma womkhuhlane ekhemisi, ungalokothi uwuthathe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Kukusiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa lapho lezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu?

Eqinisweni, ukuchayeka kulezi zinto nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kanye nomonakalo kwenzeka phakathi namasonto okuqala ayi-8 okukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitho ezinkulu zomntwana, njengobuchopho, inhliziyo, izitho zomzimba, nomgogodla, ziqala ukwakheka phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Uma into eyingozi ingena emzimbeni ngesikhathi esibucayi kakhulu salezi zitho zomzimba, ingathinta ngqo intuthuko yalezo zitho futhi ibangele ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa.

Isibonelo, izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Neural Tube Defects (NTDs), okuyizimo lapho i-neural tube lapho ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla wakheka khona kungavaleki kahle, zingase zenzeke emavikini ama-5 okukhulelwa. Yingakho sithi qaphela kusukela ngesikhathi uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokuzalwa ezingabangelwa yilawa ma-teratogens?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhubazeka ezingabangelwa yilokhu. Ezinye zibonakala ekuzalweni, kanti ezinye zitholakala kuphela njengoba ingane ikhula. Ezinye zokukhubazeka okuyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

Izinkinga zobuchopho noma umgogodla:Isibonelo, izimo ezibucayi njenge-anencephaly, lapho ubuchopho bungakhuli kahle.
Ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma kwesakhiwo: Izitho zomzimba ezingasebenzi kahle, amathambo amancane, noma izingxenye zomzimba ezingekho.
Umlomo oqhekekile nolwanga.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo noma izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa: ubunzima bokufunda, izinkinga zokuziphatha.
Izinkinga zenhliziyo: Izimbobo enhliziyweni noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngakho-ke sizivikela kanjani izingane zethu kulezi zingozi?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ukhumbula la maphuzu, unganciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlela ukukhulelwa uma kungenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho ungalawula impilo yakho, uyeke ukubhema uma ubhema, bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze enze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Kodwa akuzona zonke izisu zokukhulelwa ezihleliwe. Ngakho-ke qaphela lezi zinto kusukela ngosuku othola ngalo ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo: kungaba yivithamini, iphilisi lePanadol, noma umuthi we-Ayurvedic. Mtshele konke.
Yeka utshwala, ugwayi, nazo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa ngokuphelele: Ayikho into ethi "okuncane kulungile" noma "ugwayi owodwa kulungile" ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Inani eliphephile kakhulu liyi-zero.
Gwema ukucosha indle yamakati: Cela omunye umuntu endlini ukuthi enze lo msebenzi, njengoba ungasakaza isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-toxoplasmosis.
Gwema ukushisa ngokweqile: Gwema izinto ezikhulisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa komzimba wakho, njengezindawo zokuphuza amanzi ashisayo nama-sauna.
Qaphela ukudla kwakho: Gwema ukudla izinhlanzi ezinkulu (njenge-tuna, i-mackerel) ezine-mercury eningi. Ungadli inyama engaphekiwe kahle, inhlanzi, noma amaqanda aluhlaza.
Qaphela indawo yakho yokusebenza: Uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma imisebe, khuluma nomphathi wakho nodokotela ngakho bese ushintshela emsebenzini ophephile ofanele ukukhulelwa.

Vula futhi uthembeke kudokotela wakho ngakho konke. Ngisho nangokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala noma izidakamizwa. Bakhona ukukusiza, hhayi ukukwahlulela. Ukwethembeka kwakho kuyisinyathelo esikhulu kunazo zonke ongasithatha ukuze ugcine ingane yakho iphephile.

Ukuvikela ingane yakho engakazalwa kulezi zinto eziyingozi kungenye yezinto ezinkulu ongayenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane enempilo iyazalwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinto zikhona nokuthi zithinta intuthuko yengane yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuzigwema, unganika ingane yakho isiqalo esihle kakhulu empilweni.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Buza udokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi, ivithamini, noma isithasiselo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yeka ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala, ugwayi, nazo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa. Akukho 'inani eliphephile' lotshwala ukuze umntwana aphephe.

Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela noma i-thyroid, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusilawula kahle ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Gwema imisebenzi efana nokucosha indle yamakati, ukusebenzisa ama-sauna ashisayo, kanye nama-hot tub.

Ukukhuluma ngokwethembeka nangokukhululekile nodokotela wakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola umntwana onempilo. Ungafihli lutho.

ama-teratogens, ukukhulelwa, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, impilo yengane, ukuphepha kokukhulelwa, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, izinto eziyingozi enganeni, imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkinga zokuzalwa

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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