Wake watshelwa udokotela ngokuhlinzwa kwebele? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa lokho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okunjalo, "i-thymectomy." Ake siqonde ukuthi kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani, nokuthi kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Okokuqala, kuyini i-Thymectomy?
Kalula nje, i-thymectomy ukususwa kwe-thymus gland yakho ngokuhlinzwa. I-thymus gland itholakala esifubeni esingaphezulu, phambi kwenhliziyo.
Lena yindlala ekhethekile kakhulu. Isiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba wethu lapho sisebancane. Kodwa njengoba sikhula, le ndlala iyancipha. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile ngale ndlala, odokotela kufanele bayisuse. Lokhu akuyona indlela yokuhlinzwa evamile.
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziholela kulokhu kuhlinzwa?
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokususa i-thymus gland. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isimo sesifo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Lesi yisifo esithinta imizwa nemisipha. Uphawu oluyinhloko ubuthakathaka bemisipha emzimbeni. Lezi zimpawu zingalawulwa ngokususa i-thymus gland. |
| I-Thymoma | Lesi isimila esikhula endlaleni ye-thymus. Singaba umdlavuza (i-thymic carcinoma) noma singabi umdlavuza (singebi). Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kususwe izimila ezinjalo. |
| Ezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane | Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zezimila, njengezimila ze-neuroendocrine, nazo zingakhula endlaleni ye-thymus. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyisisombululo nakubo. |
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Uma unquma ukwenza i-thymectomy, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga ngokucophelela futhi axoxe ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo eziningana.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Bona ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
- I-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram): Funda ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo: Bona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isabela kanjani ekuzivocavoceni.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ukuze ubone ngokucacile i-thymus gland nezitho ezizungezile.
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Ukuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi (ikakhulukazi ye-Myasthenia Gravis), qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho uma udinga ukuyiyeka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungayeki noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sakhe.
Ngokuvamile uzokwaziswa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza kusukela phakathi kwamabili ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ake sibone ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza i-thymectomy. Enye iwukusebenzisa inqubo evulekile, kanti enye iwukusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimbobo ezincane kanye nekhamera. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Kwenzeka kanjani |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile (Indlela Yokuhlinza Engaphandle) | Kulokhu, isifuba sivulwa ngokusika ithambo eliphakathi (sternum) ngobude, okufana nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile. Bese kususwa i-thymus gland kanye nezicubu ezizungezile. Ekugcineni, kufakwa ipayipi elilodwa noma amabili esifuba ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi esifubeni, ithambo liqiniswe ngezintambo, bese isikhumba sithungwa sivalwe. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Okungahlaseli Kakhulu (Okungahlaseli Kancane - I-Robotic noma i-VATS) | Le nqubo ayihileli ukwenza ukusika okukhulu esifubeni. Kunalokho, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane kathathu ohlangothini lwesifuba, okukodwa ngekhamera kanti okunye kwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile. Kusetshenziswa la mathuluzi (ngezinye izikhathi ngosizo lwengalo yerobhothi), indlala iyasuswa, ibekwe esikhwameni esincane, bese ikhishwa ngenye yezimbobo. Le nqubo ayibuhlungu kakhulu futhi inesikhathi esincane sokululama. |
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungathatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamane.
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokuhlinzwa
Izinzuzo zalokhu kuhlinzwa
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunganikeza impumuzo enkulu kumuntu one-Myasthenia Gravis.
- Inani labantu abalaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yalesi sifo liyancipha.
- Kungenzeka ukunciphisa imithi oyithathayo yesifo (isib. i-Prednisone).
- Ubuthakathaka bomzimba buyancipha.
- Abanye abantu bathola impumuzo ephelele ezimpawini futhi bayakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwemithi.
Uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kancane kancane, kuba nokuhlala esibhedlela okuncane, ukulahlekelwa igazi okuncane, ubuhlungu obuncane, futhi ungabuyela empilweni yakho evamile ngokushesha.
Cishe abantu abangu-70% abakhishwa i-thymectomy ngenxa ye-myasthenia gravis bahlangabezana nokuncipha kwezimpawu kanye nesidingo semithi. Phakathi kuka-30% no-40% bahlangabezana nokuphela kwezimpawu ngokuphelele.
Izingozi ezingaba khona (Izinkinga)
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile, kodwa lezi azenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Ukulimala kwenhliziyo, inzwa, noma umthambo wegazi oseduze.
- Ukopha.
- I-Pneumothorax.
- Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia.
- Inkinga ye-myasthenic iyisimo esiphuthumayo esingavamile esibangelwa ukucindezeleka kokuhlinzwa.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa nokuthi yini okufanele uyiqaphele?
Isikhathi sokululama sincike ekutheni uhlinzwe ngokuvulekile noma uhlinzwe kancane. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela okungenani usuku. Uzonikezwa imithi yokulawula ubuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okuvame ukuphela ngokuphelele cishe emavikini amabili.
Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ubuyele emsebenzini sincike ohlotsheni lomsebenzi wakho. Uma unomsebenzi wedeski, ungabuyela emsebenzini ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma unomsebenzi odinga ukuphakamisa okunzima noma ukuma isikhathi eside, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe isikhathi eside ukuze ululame.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Uma uya ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ubuhlungu ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba.
- Isivinini sokuphefumula esikhulayo.
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
- Imfiva.
- Ukukhwehlela.
- Ukopha noma uketshezi oluphuma endaweni yokuhlinzwa.
- Izimpawu ze-Myasthenia Gravis ziyaphinda zivele.
Okokugcina, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uhlinzwa. Kodwa khumbula, odokotela abahlinzayo bakwenza lokhu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bahlala bezama ukukunikeza umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thymectomy ukususwa kwe-thymus gland ngokuhlinzwa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengokwelashwa kwezimo ezifana ne-Myasthenia Gravis kanye ne-Thymoma.
- Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza ukuhlinzwa (okuvulekile nokungangenisi kakhulu). Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Izinzuzo zalokhu kuhlinzwa kweziguli ze-Myasthenia Gravis ziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi ukubona imiphumela.
- Ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuyenzeka, futhi ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zivele ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi.
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