Ukwelapha kanjani ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-asthma yakho? Ake sixoxe!

Uma une-asthma, ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuphefumula ngezinye izikhathi. Umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni sakho kanye nokuphefumula yizimpawu eziyinhloko ze-asthma. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwemigudu yakho yomoya, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuvuvukala' ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuvuvukala kubangela ukuthi imigudu yakho yomoya ibe mincane futhi igcwale ulwelwesi, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-asthma nokuvuvukala?

Uma une-asthma, cishe uyazi ukuthi lokhu kuvuvukala kubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi lwendlela yakho yomoya luvuvuke futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi elivalekile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amanzi ageleze. Lokhu kuvuvukala kwenza indlela yakho yomoya ibe bucayi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho izinto ezithile (esizibiza ngokuthi "izinto ezibangela") njengothuli, intuthu, kanye ne-dander yezilwane zingena emzimbeni wakho, zingaletha ngokushesha i-asthma, okusho ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma .

Yingakho imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala iyindlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kangaka kubantu abane-asthma. Iyayeka inqubo ebangela ukuba i-asthma iqhume. Kalula nje, ifana nokubeka amanzi emlilweni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-asthma?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi engasetshenziswa ukulawula ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ku-asthma. Emikhulu yile:

• Ama-corticosteroids afakwa ngqo emgudwini wokuphefumula (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-inhaler).
• Ama-corticosteroids ajwayelekile (athathwa njengamaphilisi noma ajovwe emthanjeni) anikezwa ukuze athinte umzimba wonke.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ``Mast cell stabilizers'' kanye ``Leukotriene modifiers''. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ``Corticosteroids''.
• Inketho entsha yokwelapha "ama-antibodies e-monoclonal" noma "ukwelashwa nge-biologic". Lawa ahlose ngqo amangqamuzana ahilelekile ekuvuvukeni ("amangqamuzana e-eosinophil").

Manje ake sixoxe ngemithi ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe .

Ama-Corticosteroids Aphefumulayo: Umngane omkhulu wokulawula i-asthma!

Ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo yimithi ephumelela kakhulu etholakalayo yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila emigudwini yakho yomoya . Lolu hlobo lwe-inhaler luvame ukuba yinto yokuqala udokotela azoyinikeza i-asthma.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa lezi zinto?

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa le inhaler ngendlela efanele:

• Izimpawu ze-asthma kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba kuyancishiswa.
• Ama-beta agonist asebenza ngokushesha, noma njengoba siwabiza ngokuthi , ama-relief, noma ama-rescue inhalers, asetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo futhi anciphisa inani lezikhathi okudingeka uzisebenzise ngazo.
• Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho kuyathuthuka.
• Isidingo sokuya ezindlini eziphuthumayo nokulaliswa esibhedlela sizoncipha.
• Sekukonke, i-asthma ingalawulwa kahle.

Okubalulekile: Khumbula lezi zinto uma usebenzisa lezi!

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lawa ma-steroid aphefumulayo avimbela kuphela izimpawu ze-asthma, hhayi ukuqeda izimpawu ezikhona . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uwaphuza lapho uhlaselwa yi-asthma, ngeke uthole impumuzo ngokushesha. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-inhaler yokukhulula ubuhlungu.

Le "inhaler" yokulawula (njengoba siyibiza kanjalo) kufanele isetshenziswe nsuku zonke, njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho . Kwabanye, kungaba kabili ngosuku, kwabanye, kanye ngosuku. Akuyona into enhle ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukusebenzisa lokhu ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ucabanga ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza i-asthma yakho ibe yimbi futhi.

Ziyini lezi zi-corticosteroids zamakhala?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo emakethe. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• ``Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar RediHaler®)''
• `Budesonide (Pulmicort®; Symbicort®)`. (Le `(Symbicort®)` iyinhlanganisela ye`(budesonide)` kanye ne`(formoterol)`.)
• `I-Ciclisonide (i-Alvesco® HFA)`
• `Fluticasone (Flovent® HFA; Advair® HFA kanye ne-discus, Wixela® Inhub, AirDuo®)`. (Lezi ziqukethe `(fluticasone)` kanye `(salmeterol)`.)
• I-Fluticasone furoate (Arnuity® Ellipta; Breo® Ellipta; Trelegy® Ellipta). (IBreo® iqukethe i-fluticasone furoate kanye ne-beta agonist esebenza isikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi i-vilanterol. I-Trelegy® iqukethe i-umeclidinium ngaphezu kwalezi ezimbili.)
• "I-Fluticasone propionate (ArmonAir® RespiClick)"
• `Mometasone (Asmanex®, Dulera®)`. (`(Dulera®)` iqukethe `(mometasone)` kanye `(formoterol)`.)

Lezi zinhlobo ze-inhaler zivela kanjani?

Lezi "(ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo)" ziza ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. `(I-Metered Dose Inhaler - MDI)`: Lolu uhlobo olufana nethini elincane, futhi ulisebenzisa phezulu. Uma usebenzisa lokhu, kungcono ukulisebenzisa `(igumbi lokubamba elinamavalvu)` noma `(isikhala)` (into esiyibiza ngokuthi 'igumbi eliphakathi' ngesiSinhala). Lokhu `(isikhala)` kusiza umuthi ukuthi uye ngqo emaphashini, futhi kunciphisa inani lomuthi ofakwa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni. Lokhu kufana nokusebenzisa ipayipi lapho ufafaza amanzi avela ethini lokunisela.

2. `(I-Dry Powder Inhaler - DPI)`: Lokhu kuqukethe umuthi ngesimo sempuphu eyomile. Usetshenziswa ngokuthatha umoya ojulile.

3. `(Izixazululo ze-Nebulizer)`: Lokhu kuza njengoketshezi. Kuphefumulwa ngomshini omncane (`(umshini we-nebulizer)`). Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezincane kanye nalabo abane-asthma enzima.

Ingabe kufanele ngesabe ukusebenzisa lezi zinto? Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?

Ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo ayimithi ephephile kakhulu kubantu abadala kanye nezingane . Imiphumela emibi ayivamile, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo ephansi.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile, uma usebenzisa kakhulu lokhu, ungase ube nokutheleleka kwesikhunta emlonyeni wakho okubizwa ngokuthi ``thrush'' (esikubiza ngokuthi ''thrush'') , futhi izwi lakho lingashintsha (libe likhulu). Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuvimbela. Hlanza umlomo wakho kahle njalo ngemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho, ugeze ubuso bakho, bese ukhafula umuthi . Uma usebenzisa ``(MDI)'', unganciphisa futhi le ngozi ngokusebenzisa ``(spacer)''. Uma kwenzeka uhlaselwa yi-thrush ngengozi, ingelashwa kalula ngesihlanzi somlomo esilwa nesikhunta esinikezwe udokotela wakho.

Udokotela uzinikeza kanjani lezi?

Udokotela wakho uzohlala ezama ukukunikeza umthamo ophansi kakhulu walo muthi ozolawula i-asthma yakho. Abantu abaningi bayesaba lapho bezwa igama elithi "ama-steroids." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bake bezwa ngama-anabolic steroid, asetshenziswa abasubathi ukwakha imisipha. Kodwa ama-steroid e-asthma awanjalo . Ayimithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Eqinisweni, ukuwathatha nsuku zonke kungasiza ekulawuleni i-asthma yakho.

Ama-Corticosteroids Esistimu: Usizo lwe-asthma enzima!

Lawa "corticosteroids ehlelekile" yimithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izigameko ezinzima ze-asthma. Anikezwa njengamaphilisi noma uketshezi (``ngomlomo``), noma anikezwa emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi (``engena emithanjeni - IV``).

Zinikezwa isikhathi esingakanani lezi?

Lo muthi usetshenziswa kanye neminye imithi ukulawula ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma okuvele kube kubi kakhulu, noma ukwelapha i-asthma yesikhathi eside, okunzima ukuyilawula.

Lezi ziqala kanjani ukusebenza?

Ama-steroid ajwayelekile athatha cishe amahora amathathu ukuqala ukusebenza, kanti imiphumela emihle kakhulu ibonakala ngemva kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili. Ngezinye izikhathi anikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu izinsuku eziningana (okubizwa ngokuthi i-steroid burst), noma umthamo uncishiswa kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (okubizwa ngokuthi i-steroid taper). Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kulawulwe isikhathi eside, anganikezwa ngemithamo ephansi nsuku zonke noma njalo ngemva kosuku olulodwa.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ze-`(Systemic Steroids)`?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-"systemic steroids" ezivame ukusetshenziswa (lezi ziyatholakala futhi njengemikhiqizo "ejwayelekile"):

• `I-Cortisone acetate`
• `I-Dexamethasone`
• `I-Hydrocortisone (Cortef®)`
• `I-Methylprednisolone (Medrol®, Solu-Medrol®, Depo-medrol®)`
• `I-Prednisone (i-Deltasone®)`
• `I-Prednisolone (Prelone®, Pediapred®, Orapred®)`

Ingabe kufanele futhi siqaphele imiphumela emibi?

Imiphumela emibi ye-systemic steroid ivame ukwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside . Le miphumela emibi ingafaka:

• Induna.
• Ukwanda kwesisindo.
• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo noma ekuziphatheni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (isb. i-gastritis).
• Ubuthakathaka bamathambo, ukulahlekelwa amathambo.
• Izinguquko zamehlo, isibonelo i-glaucoma (umfutho wamehlo okhuphukile) noma i-cataracts (ukufiphala kwamehlo).
• (Amagama ezingane) ukubambezeleka kokukhula.

Kodwa khumbula, le miphumela emibi ayivamile kakhulu uma isetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane . Kufanele uyisebenzise isikhathi esifushane kuphela uma i-asthma yakho inzima kakhulu. Uma une-asthma engalawuleki futhi udinga ukusebenzisa ama-steroid isikhathi eside, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wezifo zamaphaphu noma udokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba. Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukwelashwa okuthuthukile futhi bakuthumele kwabanye ochwepheshe uma kudingeka.

Ama-Leukotriene Modifiers: Olunye usizo!

Ziyini lezi? Zisebenza kanjani?

Ama-leukotriene amakhemikhali atholakala ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Abangela ukuba imisipha emigudwini yethu yomoya iqine futhi ikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus. Ama-leukotriene modifiers avimba isenzo sama-leukotriene. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi le mithi ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphefumula futhi inciphise izimpawu ze-asthma. Iza ngesimo samaphilisi. Athathwa kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa inani leminye imithi ye-asthma oyidingayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-`(Leukotriene Modifiers)`?

Imithi ekulesi sigaba yile:

• `I-Montelukast (Singulair®)`
• `I-Zafirlukast (i-Accolate®)`
• `I-Zileuton (Zyflo®)`

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ikhanda kanye nesicanucanu. Ama-leukotriene modifier angasebenzisana neminye imithi (isibonelo, umuthi we-asthma i-theophylline kanye ne-blood thinner warfarin). Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo.

Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal - Ukwelashwa Ngezinto Eziphilayo: Ithemba Elisha le-asthma enzima!

Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal uhlobo lokwelashwa kwe-biologic olusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-asthma enzima. Asebenza ngokuvimbela impendulo yomzimba ezintweni ezibangela ukuvuvukala. Ahlasela ngqo amaseli ayingxenye yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela, njengamaseli e-eosinophil.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale mithi. Inikezwa njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba ehhovisi likadokotela, njengokufakwa kwe-IV emtholampilo noma esibhedlela, noma eminye ifakwa yona ekhaya. Abantu abathatha le mithi yebhayoloji bavame ukuthola ukwelashwa njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili (kuye ngokuthi i-biologic ithini). Kuzodingeka ube ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kukadokotela wezifo zamaphaphu noma udokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba uma uthatha le mithi.

Izinzinzisi Zeseli Le-Mast: Umuthi Ongasetshenziswa Kancane

Iziqinisi zamaseli e-mast zisebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-histamine nezinye izinto ezivuvukalayo kumaseli e-mast. Kodwa-ke, lezi azivamile ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha i-asthma.

Okudingeka ukukhumbule kakhulu!

I-asthma iwukuvuvukala okungapheli (okungukuthi, okuqhubekayo) kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini akho. Kungaba njengenhlansi encane ehlala ikhona ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthatha imithi udokotela wakho akunike yona, ungalawula kahle i-asthma yakho futhi ugcine amaphaphu ephilile isikhathi eside.

Khumbula, ukuphila ne-asthma kungaba yinselele, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo evamile nesebenzayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese usungula uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kuwe. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphefumula kahle!

Isifuba somoya, Ukuvuvukala, I-Inhaler, Ama-Corticosteroids, Ukwelashwa, Izifo Zokuphefumula