Ungawaqonda kanjani amanani embikweni wakho we-cholesterol? (Iphrofayili ye-Cholesterol/Lipid)

Ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile nokuthi uhlole igazi bese uhlola i-cholesterol yakho? Lapho uthola lowo mbiko, ingabe wadideka yizinombolo eziphambi kwenombolo ngayinye? I-LDL, i-HDL, ama-triglycerides... Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ziyini lezi zinombolo, ukuthi zisho ukuthini ngempela lezi zinombolo. Ungesabi, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, njengokungathi sitshela umngane. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzoba usizo olukhulu kuwe ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana nempilo yakho.

Okokuqala, ake sibone, iyini le phrofayili yamafutha?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenzayo ukuhlola i-cholesterol yakho yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi 'i-Lipid Profile'. I-Lipid isho amafutha kuphela. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusinika ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo eziningana zamafutha egazini lakho. Ukwazi lezi zindinganiso kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kungakunikeza umbono wengozi yakho yezifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo.

Ake sifunde nge-LDL, i-cholesterol "embi".

Sivame ukuzwa ngale cholesterol ethi ‘LDL’. Empeleni, umzimba wethu udinga inani elithile le-‘LDL’ ukuze wakhe amaseli, ukhiqize ama-hormone namavithamini. Ikhiqizwa yisibindi sethu.

Inkinga iqala uma kune-LDL eningi kakhulu. Bese le-LDL eyengeziwe iqala ukwakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yakho. Njengokungcola okwakheka epayipini lamanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwakheka (i-plaque) kungabangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi yakho ibe mincane futhi ivaleke, okuholela ezimweni ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Yingakho i-LDL ibizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi". Ngakho-ke uma i-LDL yakho iphansi, kulapho ingozi yakho incipha khona.

• Uma izinga lakho le-LDL liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL): Leli izinga liphezulu kakhulu. Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho uvame ukuncoma ukuthi uqale ukuthatha umuthi we-statin kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila (ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba).
• Ngisho noma izinga lakho le-LDL lingaphansi kuka-190 mg/dL: Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwehlisa izinga lakho le-LDL ngokuqhubekayo, ecabangela ezinye izici eziyingozi (njengesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu).
• Amazinga e-LDL aphansi kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-40 mg/dL): Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa amazinga e-LDL aphansi ngokungavamile nawo awalungile. Kungabangela ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingozi yokushaya igazi.

Ukubaluleka kwe-HDL, i-cholesterol "enhle"

I-`HDL` (i-High-Density Lipoprotein) ifana nomngane wethu. Uma inani le-`HDL` liphezulu, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyancipha. Isizathu ukuthi i-`HDL` ibamba i-`LDL` cholesterol` embi esezofakwa emithanjeni yegazi bese iyibuyisela esibindini. Kufana nokushanela umgwaqo bese uwuhlanza.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zama-statin kungakhuphula kancane amazinga e-HDL.

• Iyini izinga le-HDL elihle?: Izinga elingaphezu kuka- 40 mg/dL kwabesilisa kanye nelingaphezu kuka- 50 mg/dL kwabesifazane libhekwa njengezinga elinempilo.
• Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-HDL (ngaphezu kuka-100 mg/dL): Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuhle ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-HDL, ucwaningo lwamuva luthole ukuthi ezimweni ezingavamile, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-HDL angahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina konke kulinganisela.

Ayini ama-triglyceride?

Ama-triglycerides awawona uhlobo lwe-cholesterol, kodwa angolunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu. Amakhalori engeziwe ekudleni esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi lawo avela kushukela, ufulawa, notshwala, aguqulwa abe ama-triglyceride ngumzimba futhi agcinwe kumaseli amafutha.

Amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride ahlobene ngqo nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-triglycerides ephezulu bane-HDL ephansi "enhle" kanye ne-LDL ephezulu "embi". Le nhlanganisela iyingozi kakhulu.

Izimbangela zamazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride:

• Indlela yokuphila yobuvila ngaphandle kokuzilolonga ngokomzimba.
• Ukudla ukudla okunoshukela omningi, ama-carbohydrate acwengekile (njengesinkwa, ilayisi, ama-noodle), kanye namafutha agcwele.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa, isifo sezinso, izinkinga ze-thyroid.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Imithi ethile (isib., imithi yomdlavuza webele, i-HIV).
• Abanye abantu bangase bathintwe yizici zofuzo ezivela emindenini yabo.

Uma izinga lakho le-triglyceride liphakeme kune-150 mg/dL, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunempilo, ukwehlisa isisindo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala. Bangase bakunike nemithi.

Ayini amazinga e-cholesterol anempilo?

Leli thebula lizokusiza ukuthi uqhathanise izinombolo embikweni wakho namazinga ajwayelekile anempilo. Emibikweni yaseSri Lanka, la manani alinganiswa ngo-mg/dL (ama-milligram nge-deciliter), njengase-United States.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma uthola ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol aphezulu, ungakhohlwa ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo.

1. Yiziphi izingozi ze-cholesterol ephezulu? Ingabe ingabangela ezinye izifo?

2. Yini engabangela i-cholesterol yami ephezulu? Ingabe lokhu kuyifa eliyifa?

3. Yini engingayenza endleleni yami yokuphila nasekhaya ukuze nginciphise i-cholesterol?

4. Ingabe ngempela ngidinga ukuthatha imithi? Azikho yini ezinye izindlela zokwelapha?

5. Uma kufanele uphuze imithi, isebenza kanjani?

6. Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ngithathe lo muthi? Iyini imiphumela emibi?

7. Ngingayinciphisa kanjani i-cholesterol yami ngokuzivocavoca umzimba?

8. Kufanele ngishintshe kanjani ukudla kwami? Yini enhle ukuyidla nokuthi yini embi ukuyidla?

9. Kufanele ngihlolwe nini i-cholesterol yami ngokulandelayo?