Ingabe unenkinga efana nale nge-artery entanyeni yakho? (Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Yethambo Lomgogodla) Ake sifunde ngayo.

Wake wazizwa ukuqina entanyeni yakho, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ngokuzumayo ubona izinto ezimbili esweni elilodwa? Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezinto ezilula, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba khona into engathi sína kakhulu ngemuva kwazo. Esinye isimo esinjalo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla ``Ukususwa Kwemithambo Yomgogodla``.

Kuyini Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Yethambo Lomgogodla?

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo omkhulu ngemuva kwentamo yakho, emgogodleni wakho, othwala igazi uye ebuchosheni bakho - obizwa ngokuthi umthambo we-vertebral - udabuka ngaphakathi. Njengendwangu edabukayo, ungqimba olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lodonga lomthambo lungadabuka. Empeleni lokhu kuyimbangela engavamile yokushaywa unhlangothi kubantu abasebasha , abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45, kunokuba kube ngabantu abadala.

Ngakho-ke iyini le mithambo yomgogodla?

Cabanga nje, ngemuva kwentamo yakho, kunemithambo yegazi emibili egijima emgogodleni wakho. Siyibiza ngokuthi imithambo ye-vertebral. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunikeza igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni . Kufana nepayipi lamanzi, kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho.

Lo mthambo unezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Intima : Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu, oluseduze kakhulu nokugeleza kwegazi.
• Imidiya : Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Lusiza ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini olulodwa.
• I-Adventitia : Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Yilona olunikeza umthambo wegazi ukuma kwawo namandla awo.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezicubu kuyithinta kanjani impilo yakho?

Manje cabanga, njengoba ngishilo, lapho ungqimba lwangaphakathi lomthambo ludabuka, igazi liqala ukuvuza phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-intima kanye ne-media. Khona-ke igazi lingabuthana lapho futhi livuvuke njengebhaluni elincane. Leli gazi eliqoqiwe linganamathela lapho bese lenza ihlule legazi . Leli hlule legazi lingavimba ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo, futhi lingawuvimba ngokuphelele. Umthambo ungavuvukala futhi (uvuleke).

Umphumela oyingozi kakhulu walokhu yisifo sohlangothi :

• I-Ischemic stroke : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi liba likhulu ngokwanele ukuvimba ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye yehlule ingaphuka futhi ihambe ngegazi iye ebuchosheni bese ihlala emthanjeni omncane.
• Isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho zonke izendlalelo ezintathu zodonga lwemithambo yegazi zidabuka. Bese igazi liqala ukuvuza liphuma emthanjeni wegazi, esikhundleni sokuya ebuchosheni. Uma lokhu kudabuka kungena shí ebuchosheni, igazi lingavuza lingene esikhaleni esizungeze ubuchopho - sikubiza ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi okungaphansi kwe-subarachnoid - noma lingaphuma lingene ezicutshini zobuchopho.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola ukuhlukaniswa kwemithambo yomgogodla?

Abanye abantu bangahlakulela lesi simo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Bheka ukuthi lezi zinto ziyakuthinta yini nawe:

• Ukubhema : Lokhu kuyinto evula umnyango wezifo eziningi.
• Izimo ezithile zofuzo : Isibonelo , i-cystic medial necrosis , i-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome , i-Marfan syndrome , kanye ne-osteogenesis imperfecta kungabangela ukuba izindonga zemithambo yegazi zibe buthaka.
• I-Fibromuscular dysplasia : Lesi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ekhula khona emithanjeni yegazi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme : Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni exhumanisa amaphaphu nenhliziyo (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).
• Isifo sezinso esine-polycystic : Isifo lapho kwakheka khona ama-cyst ezinso.
• I-Vasculitis : Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinto eziyingozi?

Yebo, impela. Lokhu kuqhekeka kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokulimala okuthile entanyeni. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho intamo isesimweni sokunwebeka ngokweqile noma lapho intamo ishukunyiswa ngokushesha ngokuzumayo . Cabanga ngezinto ezinjengalezi:

• Izingozi zezimoto.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha intamo, njengokulungiswa kwe-chiropractic kanye nokuhlikihla intamo okujulile, zingaba usizo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungase kungasebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kunezingozi.
• Ukuvula i-mucus ngokubamba imihlathi yakho ngokuzwakalayo.
• Uma wenza i-yoga, intamo iyaphakanyiswa futhi ijikiswe isikhathi eside.
• Kufana nokupenda uphahla, usebenza ngokuqhubekayo intamo yakho igobile.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu (i-CPR) ukwelashwa okunikezwayo uma kwenzeka ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe.
• Ukuthimula kakhulu.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ezemidlalo zokubheja (`Ukulwa`).
• Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo.
• Noma yini enye engabangela ukulimala kwentamo.

Ingabe isifo sohlangothi singaba khona ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi?

Yebo, uma umthambo osentanyeni yakho udabukile, sivame ukuwubiza ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa komthambo womlomo wesibeletho . Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithambo yomgogodla esisanda kukhuluma ngayo, kanye nemithambo emibili ye-carotid egijima ngaphambili kwentamo yakho. Uma noma yimuphi wale mithambo uphuma, ungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni, okubangela isifo sohlangothi .

Iyini ingozi yangempela yesifo sohlangothi?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu kungenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo ye-vertebral noma ye-carotid.Ingozi iyonke yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi iphansi. Ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi okubangelwa yi-Ischemic kubalelwa cishe ku-2% wabo bonke ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Iningi lokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi okubangelwa yi-ischemic kubangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziba zinkulu futhi zincipha ngenxa yezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokubhema, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo sikashukela.

Kodwa nansi into ebalulekile: Ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yomgogodla kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yesifo sohlangothi kubantu abasebasha nasebekhulile. Kungabangela kufikela ku-25%, noma oyedwa kwabane, wesifo sohlangothi kuleli qembu leminyaka.

Ziyini izimpawu zokusikwa kwemithambo yomgogodla?

Ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa uma umthambo uqhuma noma igazi livimbe ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, ungase ube nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi .

Qaphela lezi zici:

• I-Ataxia : Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba noma umile, ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi kahle.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• Ukubona okukabili.
• Ubuhlungu bentamo (ngokuvamile ohlangothini olulodwa).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Inkulumo engacacile (i-Dysarthria).
• I-Vertigo - Umuzwa wokuzungeza.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-vertebral artery dissection?

Ukuhlolwa okungcono kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela yi -magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) . Lokhu kuhlanganisa i -MRI scan nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiography ukuthatha izithombe ezicacile zemithambo yakho yomgogodla. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi basheshe bathole ukuthi ukuqhekeka kukuphi, ukuthi kukhulu kangakanani, nokuthi sekuphele isikhathi esingakanani lapho.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-MRA akutholakali yonke indawo futhi akulula ukukwenza. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bavame ukuxilonga lesi simo nge- CT scan (`Computed Tomography - CT scan`) noma i -CT angiography (`CT angiography`) . Lokhu kuvame ukuba phakathi kokuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa lapho umuntu engena.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome i -angiography evamile . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elincane, elide (i-catheter) esihlakaleni sakho noma esinqeni, ukufaka idayi ekhethekile (idayi engafani), nokuthatha izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze ubone ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ubukhulu bokuqhekeka, kanye nendawo yesilonda.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimo zokuqhekeka zizophola ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi, ungadinga imithi yokunciphisa igazi.Lezi yizindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko. Isibonelo, i-aspirin , eminye imithi (njenge- Plavix®) , i-heparin ewuketshezi, noma amaphilisi e-warfarin anganikezwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukuqhekeka sekusakazeke kakhulu ebuchosheni, noma uma uke waba nesifo sohlangothi esophayo , kungase kungabi kuphephile ukunikeza lawa ma-blood thinner. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ukwelashwa okuvamile kungaphumeleli?

Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa nakubantu abake baba nesifo sohlangothi esophayo .

Izinqubo zokuhlukanisa imithambo ye-vertebral yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukufakwa kwemithambo yegazi : Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kufakwa amashubhu amancane (ama-catheter) esihlakaleni noma esinqeni, endaweni yokuqhekeka, bese kufakwa i-embolic agent noma kufakwa ama-coil amancane ensimbi. Ingxenye engajwayelekile yomthambo ivalwe ngale nto noma ama-coil. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kuwo.
• I-Angioplasty : Lokhu kuhilela nokusebenzisa amapayipi amancane (ama-catheter) ukuya endaweni lapho kuqhekeke khona nokufaka ibhaluni elikhethekile ukulungisa ingxenye edabukile yomthambo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-stenting ngaphakathi kwekhanda : Lokhu kuhilela nokufaka ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) endaweni yokusikwa nokufaka idivayisi yensimbi efana ne-mesh (ebizwa ngokuthi i-stent) ngaphakathi kwe-artery. Lokhu kuqinisa udonga lwe-artery. Lokhu akwenzelwa wonke umuntu, kweziguli ezikhethiwe kuphela. Ngokuvamile, odokotela benza kokubili i-angioplasty kanye ne-stenting ndawonye.
• Ukuhlinzwa : Kulabo abangakwazi ukwenza izinqubo ze-endovascular ezishiwo ngenhla, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, odokotela basebenzisa iziqeshana ezincane zensimbi ukuvala ingxenye engajwayelekile yomthambo.

Lingakanani izinga lokululama kwabantu abanalesi simo?

Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, ungase ube sengozini yokuthola ukuqhekeka okufanayo esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa leyo ngozi iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kunjani ukuphila nokuhlukaniswa kwemithambo yomgogodla?

Odokotela bazokuqapha njalo uze uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu sekupholile ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, uzoba ne-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.Uzocelwa ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezithile. Kuzodingeka futhi uqhubeke nokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo kuzodingeka babone odokotela babo iminyaka eminingi ukuze bathole iseluleko ('ukunakekelwa kokulandelela').

Yini okungafanele ngiyenze ngemva kokusikwa kwemithambo yomgogodla?

Ungazivocavoca, kodwa kufanele uziqhelelanise nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzivocavoca okwenziwa ngokubeka isisindo somzimba wakho ezandleni zakho, njengokucindezela nokudonsa.
• Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-25-30 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-11-13.5).
• Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ngaphezu kwekhanda.
• Xhumana nezemidlalo.
• Ukugibela ukugibela okusheshayo njenge-roller coaster.
• Ukuba nodokotela we-chiropractor kuthinta ikhanda/intamo yakho.
• Ukuhlikihla intamo ngamandla.
• Izinto ezifana nokuntywila esibhakabhakeni.
• Eminye imisebenzi ekhuphula/yehlisa isivinini ngokuzumayo.
• Indawo "yeplanki" ('indawo yeplanki'). (Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho inkinga ekwenzeni i-yoga noma i-Pilates, inqobo nje uma kungacindezeli intamo).
• Gwema noma yimuphi umsebenzi obangela ukuba intamo ihlehle ngokuzumayo (ukulimala kwe-whiplash), noma noma yimuphi umsebenzi obangela ukuba intamo iqhubeke ikhuphuke (i-hyperextension).

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Yethambo Lomgogodla kuwukudabuka odongeni lomthambo wegazi ngemuva kwentamo yakho. Akuvamile ukuholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi . Kodwa uma kwenzeka, ukwelashwa okusheshayo (ngokuvamile okunciphisa igazi noma inqubo) kungasindisa impilo yakho. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokubhekwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha kungasiza abantu abanalesi simo ukuba bagweme izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukusikwa Kwemithambo Yomgogodla , isifo sohlangothi, ukukhubazeka, ubuhlungu bentamo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi