Sonke siyazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu iyiphampu emangalisayo esebenza ngokungayeki. Njengenjini yamanzi, le phampu ipompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Kodwa wake wacabanga yini ngohlelo olukhulu 'lwephayiphi' oluletha igazi kule phampu futhi lubuyisele igazi emzimbeni, okungukuthi, iphayiphi eyinhloko? Imithambo yegazi emikhulu, emikhulu exhunywe ngqo enhliziyweni yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'Izitsha Ezinkulu Zenhliziyo' . Namuhla, sizokhuluma kalula nangomusa ngalezi, umsebenzi wazo, nokuthi singazigcina kanjani ziphilile.
Ziyini lezi zitsha ezinkulu?
Kalula nje, lezi yizindlela ezinkulu ezixhumanisa izinhliziyo zethu. Le mithambo yegazi emikhulu yiyo ethwala igazi phakathi kwenhliziyo yakho namaphaphu akho, naphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi kahle, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lomzimba wonke luzohlupheka.
Leli qembu elikhulu lemithambo yegazi lihlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:
- I-Aorta: Lona umthambo omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ufana nepayipi elikhulu kunawo wonke elisabalalisa amanzi avela ethangini elikhulu lamanzi liye kulo lonke idolobha.
- Umthambo Oyinhloko Wemithambo Yephaphu: Lona umthambo othwala igazi 'elingcolile' lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini.
- Imithambo Yemiphunga: Le mithambo ithwala igazi elifakwe umoya-mpilo emaphashini libuyele enhliziyweni.
- I-Superior Vena Cava: Yilapho igazi elisetshenzisiwe elivela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zomzimba wakho, njengekhanda, intamo, nezingalo, libuyela khona enhliziyweni.
- I-Inferior Vena Cava: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba wakho, njengemilenze nesisu, ulibuyisele enhliziyweni.
Yonke le mithambo isebenza ndawonye, ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu, ukuthumela igazi ezindleleni ezifanele njalo ngomzuzwana inhliziyo yakho ishaya.
Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko walokhu? Indlela igazi elihamba ngayo
Le mithambo yegazi emikhulu iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu sokujikeleza kwegazi . Kunemijikelezo emibili emikhulu yokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini le mithambo yegazi emibili, nokuthi imithambo yegazi yethu emikhulu isiza kanjani kulokhu.
1. I-Pulmonary Circuit - Uhambo oluphakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu
Kulula kakhulu. Lo mjikelezo uthwala igazi phakathi kwenhliziyo yakho namaphaphu akho. Okokuqala, igazi elisetshenziswe emzimbeni, elinomoya-mpilo ophansi (asibize ngokuthi igazi elingcolile ukuze kube lula), lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini. Amaphaphu enza umsebenzi ofanayo nokulungisa imoto. Asusa imfucuza efana ne-carbon dioxide egazini bese enezela umoya-mpilo egazini esiliphefumulayo. Leli gazi elisha, elinomoya-mpilo ocebile bese libuyela enhliziyweni.
Indlela imithambo yegazi emikhulu esiza ngayo kulokhu:
- Umthambo Omkhulu Wemiphunga:Yilokhu okuthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka e-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo liye emaphashini.
- Imithambo Yemiphunga: Le mithambo ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini libuyele e-atrium yesobunxele yenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile kunemithambo emine yale mithambo.
Khumbula into ebaluleke kakhulu! Ngokuvamile, imithambo yethu ithwala igazi elihlanzekile elinomoya-mpilo omningi, kanti imithambo yethu ithwala igazi elingcolile elinomoya-mpilo omningi. Kodwa-ke, kulo mjikelezo wamaphaphu, kuphambene ngokuphelele. Imithambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi elingcolile, kanti imithambo yamaphaphu iletha igazi elihlanzekile. Lokhu kuyicala elikhethekile.
2. I-Systemic Circuit - Uhambo oluphakathi kwenhliziyo nomzimba wonke
Manje, igazi elihlanzekile nelicebile ngomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini futhi elisenhliziyweni lithunyelwa kuwo wonke amagumbi omzimba. Yilokho okwenziwa yilesi sifunda. Ngalesi sifunda, igazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo liphuma enhliziyweni, lihamba kuwo wonke umzimba, futhi lisakaze umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, nama-hormone kuwo wonke amaseli nezitho zomzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, liqoqa imfucuza eqongelela kulezo zindawo, bese igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo libuyela enhliziyweni.
Indlela imithambo yegazi emikhulu esiza ngayo kulokhu:
- I-Aorta: Lona yiqhawe lalolu hambo. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo elimpontshwe ngamandla amakhulu yi-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo kuqala lingena kule-aorta. Bese lisabalalisa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba ngamagatsha amaningi aphuma kuyo.
- I-Superior Vena Cava: Lo mthambo omkhulu uqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zomzimba wakho (ikhanda, intamo, izingalo) bese uliyisa e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.
- I-Inferior Vena Cava: Lo mthambo uqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba wakho (imilenze, isisu) bese uliyisa e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.
Zikuphi lezi mithambo yegazi emikhulu futhi zixhunywe kanjani?
Le mithambo yegazi emikhulu ixhunywe ngqo emakamelweni amane enhliziyo. Ungakuqonda lokhu ngokucacile kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isitsha Esikhulu | Igumbi lenhliziyo elixhumanisayo | Isiqondiso sokugeleza kwegazi |
|---|---|---|
| I-Aorta | I-Ventricle Yesobunxele | Kusukela enhliziyweni kuya emzimbeni (igazi elinomoya-mpilo) |
| Umthambo Wemithambo Yephaphu | I-Ventricle Yangakwesokudla | Kusukela enhliziyweni kuya emaphashini (igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo) |
| Imithambo Yemiphunga | I-Atrium Yesobunxele | Kusukela emaphashini kuya enhliziyweni (igazi elinomoya-mpilo) |
| I-vena cava ephezulu nephansi | I-Atrium Engakwesokudla | Ukusuka emzimbeni kuya enhliziyweni (igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo) |
Zenziwe ngani lezi zinto? Zingakanani?
Lo mthambo wegazi omkhulu, njengeminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, wakhiwe ngodonga olwakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu, njengepayipi.
1. Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima): Lena yingxenye ethintana ngqo negazi. Imbozwe ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwamaseli, okuvumela igazi ukuthi lidlule ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
2. I-Tunica Media: Lolu ngqimba luqukethe imicu enwebekayo. Lapho inhliziyo ipompa igazi ngamandla amakhulu, lolu ngqimba lusiza umthambo ukuba weluleke futhi ubuyele esimweni sawo esijwayelekile. Futhi yilolu ngqimba olusiza imithambo yegazi ukuthi inciphe futhi ikhule (i-Vasoconstriction kanye ne-Vasodilation) .
3. Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Tunica Adventitia): Yilapho umthambo wegazi uthola khona amandla nesakhiwo sawo.
Lezi azibizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi "emikhulu" ngeze. Zinobubanzi obukhulu bangaphakathi, noma ububanzi bomthambo wegazi, kuneminye imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zidinga ukuba zikhulu ngokwanele ukuze zikwazi ukuthwala inani elikhulu legazi eligeleza liye futhi liphume enhliziyweni. I-aorta kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu ikakhulukazi kudingeka ziqine ngokwanele ukuze zimelane nokucindezeleka okuphezulu okukhishwa yinhliziyo.
Ububanzi (ububanzi) balezi zinhlobo buvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-2-3. Lokhu kungahluka kancane kuye ngezici ezifana nobudala nobulili.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta le mithambo yegazi?
Ngeshwa, le mithambo yegazi ebalulekile ingathinteka nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Eminye yizifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo ezikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Eminye ibangelwa imikhuba emibi yokuphila njengoba siphila. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo ezingathinta imithambo yegazi ngayinye.
| Umthambo wegazi omkhulu | Izifo ezingathinta (izibonelo) |
|---|---|
| I-Aorta |
|
| Umthambo Wemithambo Yephaphu | |
| Imithambo Yemiphunga | |
| UVena Cavae |
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengalezi, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukungesabi, kodwa ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko.
Sizigcina kanjani lezi mithambo yegazi ebalulekile ziphilile?
Ukuze ungagcini nje kuphela le mithambo yegazi emikhulu, kodwa yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho nasenhliziyweni yakho iphilile, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Nazi ezinye zezeluleko ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazilandela.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Gwema hhayi ugwayi, ama-beedi, kanye nogwayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvapha. Lokhu kulimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi yakho, kuyenze iqine. Uma unenkinga yokuyeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuthola usizo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa ukudla okunosawoti omningi, ushukela, namafutha agcwele (njengokudla okunamafutha amaningi, ukudla okuthosiwe, nokudla okusheshayo). Kunalokho, faka ukudla okune-fiber encibilikayo eningi, njengezithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, namantongomane, ekudleni kwakho.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Kuhle uma ungathola okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe ngosuku. Lokhu kungaba ukuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili. Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okuphephile nokufanelekile kuwe.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Kungcono ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele uma kungenzeka.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol: Uma unalezi zimo, thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi, bese ulandela ukudla okunempilo.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke: Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi awunazo izinkinga zempilo, ukubona udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlole impilo yakho kuzokusiza ugweme izifo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo.
Le mithambo yegazi emikhulu yenza umsebenzi "omkhulu" ngempela. Kusukela ekuletheni igazi enhliziyweni, ekusabalaliseni umoya-mpilo onika ukuphila kuwo wonke umzimba, ekususeni imfucuza, lonke uhlelo luncike empilweni yale migwaqo emikhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo emikhulu yenhliziyo ‘iyimigwaqo emikhulu’ eyinhloko exhuma ngqo enhliziyweni futhi ithwala igazi emzimbeni wonke.
- Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithambo emihlanu emikhulu: i-aorta, umthambo wamaphaphu, umthambo wamaphaphu, kanye ne-vena cava.
- Impilo yale mithambo ibalulekile ekujikelezeni kwegazi emzimbeni wonke kanye nempilo iyonke.
- Le mithambo yegazi ingagcinwa iphilile ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema).
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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