Wake wazibuza ukuthi lesi sitho esimangalisayo esibizwa ngokuthi ubuchopho bethu sisebenza kanjani imini nobusuku? Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho ukutholakala kwegazi okuqhubekayo esikutholayo. Sonke sizwile ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu ngaphambili kwentamo (imithambo ye-carotid), kodwa bewazi ukuthi kukhona eminye imithambo yegazi ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni lisuka ngemuva kwentamo, ngaphakathi komgogodla? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Vertebral Artery?
Imithambo yegazi ye-vertebral iyimithambo yegazi emibili emikhulu edlula emithanjeni yethu futhi inikeze igazi ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, sinemithambo yegazi ye-vertebral emibili , omunye ngakwesokudla nomunye ngakwesobunxele. Le mithambo emibili ihamba emgogodleni futhi ihlangana ndawonye phansi kwekhanda ukuze yakhe umthambo wegazi owodwa omkhulu. Siwubiza ngokuthi umthambo wegazi we-basilar. Ngokwezokwelapha, lonke lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-vertebrobasilar .
Cabanga nje, ubuchopho bethu bufana nedolobha elikhulu. Kunemipayipi emibili eyinhloko ehlinzeka ngamanzi kulelo dolobha. Elinye yimithambo ye-carotid esiyaziyo sonke. Elinye ipayipi elibaluleke kakhulu yilo mthambo we-vertebral.
Iyini ukubaluleka kwale mithambo yegazi?
Indima yale mithambo yegazi ayibalulekile. Le mithambo emibili yomgogodla inikeza u-20% wegazi eliphelele ebuchosheni, okuyisikhungo sokulawula umzimba wethu wonke. Ama-80% asele avela emithanjeni ye-carotid esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni.
Le mithambo yegazi ihlukana ibe amagatsha amancane. Igatsha elikhulu kunawo wonke linikeza igazi engxenyeni ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu. Leyo yi-cerebellum, noma i-cerebellum.
Kwenzekani ku-cerebellum?
Uyakhumbula ukuthi wafunda kanjani ukugibela ibhayisikili useyingane? Wawa kangaki futhi wawa ekuqaleni? Kodwa-ke wabe usujwayela. Ngendlela efanayo, izinto eziningi emzimbeni wethu, njengokulinganisela , ukunyakaza , inkulumo, kanye nokubona, zilawulwa kahle yile ngxenye yobuchopho. Ngakho cabanga ukuthi lo mthambo womgogodla uyigugu kangakanani owunikeza igazi.
Ikuphi le mithambo yomgogodla?
Le mithambo yegazi emibili iqala engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sethu, ngaphansi nje kwethambo lentamo, njengoba imithambo yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi ye-subclavian. Ukusuka lapho, iya phezulu ngezikhala ezikhethekile (i-transverse foramen) ema-vertebrae entanyeni, njengemoto edlula emigodini eminingi emgwaqweni wezintaba.
Kulolu hambo, le mithambo yegazi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine futhi ibizwa ngokuthi. Nakuba lokhu kungokwezokwelapha kancane, ake sikubheke ngale ndlela ukuze kube lula ukukuqonda.
| Ingxenye | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ingxenye V1 | Ukuqala kohambo: Lena yingxenye lapho umthambo wegazi uqala khona kuze kube yilapho ungena emgogodleni. |
| Ingxenye V2 | Uhambo ngaphakathi komgogodla: Le ngxenye yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho ihamba kusukela ku-C6 kuya ku-C2 ize ikhuphuke ngaphakathi komgogodla. Kufana nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwekheji eliphephile. |
| Ingxenye V3 | Goba ngaphambi kokungena ekhanda: Lo mthambo wegazi ugoba ngaphezu kwethambo eliphezulu lomgogodla (C1) entanyeni, ulungiselela ukungena ekhanda. |
| Ingxenye V4 | Indawo oya kuyo - Intracranial: Ingxenye lapho umthambo wegazi ungena khona ogebhezini bese uhlangana nomthambo we-vertebral ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuze kwakhiwe umthambo we-basilar. |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta le mithambo yegazi eyigugu?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, le mithambo yomgogodla nayo ingaba nezinkinga. Inkinga enkulu ukunqwabelana kwamafutha ne-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis .
Cabanga nje ngakho njengokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bese ingaphakathi lepayipi lincipha futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi kwehla. Yileyo ndlela amafutha anqwabelana ngayo ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -Vertebral Artery Stenosis , okusho ukuthi imithambo yegazi iyancipha.
Uma imithambo yegazi incipha kanje, kungavela imiphumela eminingana eyingozi:
- Amahlule egazi:Ukugeleza kwegazi kungavinjelwa ezindaweni ezincishisiwe futhi kungakheka amahlule egazi. Uma leli hlule legazi liqhuma futhi livimbe omunye umthambo omncane ebuchosheni, kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
- I-TIA (i-Ministroke) kanye ne-Stroke: Ukuqhekeka kwegazi noma ukuvaleka kwegazi engxenyeni yobuchopho kungalimaza. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-stroke. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ziyafika zidlule imizuzu embalwa nje. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``i-Transient Ischemic Attack - TIA'' noma i-ministroke. Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso esibucayi sesixwayiso se-stroke enkulu.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-vertebrobasilar: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingemuva lobuchopho alitholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukukhubeka lapho uhamba, kanye nokungaboni kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana:
- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo: Lesi yisimo lapho udonga lomthambo wegazi lungadabuka khona ngenxa yengozi, ukulimala kwentamo, noma izimo ezithile zofuzo (isb. i-fibromuscular dysplasia). Lesi futhi yisimo esiphuthumayo esingaholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi.
- I-Bowhunter's Syndrome: Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Okwenzekayo ukuthi uma umuntu ephendula ikhanda lakhe ngokucijile eceleni, ukukhula kwamathambo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-bulging disc, kucindezela umthambo womgogodla. Igama laso livela ngoba lifana nesimo somuntu odubula umnsalo. Izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zenzeka kuphela lapho ikhanda liphendulwa.
Sizivikela kanjani lezi zitsha zegazi eziyigugu?
Njengoba imbangela eyinhloko yomonakalo kule mithambo yegazi kuwukuncishiswa kwemithambo yegazi (i-stenosis) esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyivimbela. Kunezinto ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze wenze lokho.
- Yiba matasa: Yenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca okunamandla aphakathi nezinsuku eziningi zesonto. Ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili kuyizinketho ezinhle.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, i-cholesterol, nosawoti ngangokunokwenzeka. Faka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, nezinhlanzi ezincane ekudleni kwakho.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esifanele ubude bakho. Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa isisindo kancane kancane.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu , landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho bese usebenzisa imithi enqunyiwe ngqo ukuze uzilawule.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yokulimaza imithambo yegazi yakho. Uma ubhema, yenza yonke imizamo yokuyeka. Kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngomzimba wakho.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Kukhona izimpawu ezithile, uma zivelaAkunconywa ukuthi ubambezeleke nhlobo. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngaleso sikhathi ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
| Qaphela! Uma unalezi zimpawu, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| I-Vertigo Enzima | Isiyezi esingalawuleki esizwakala sengathi umhlaba uyajikeleza. |
| Ukungalingani | Ukuzizwa sengathi uzowa, awukwazi ukuma noma ukuhamba uqonde. |
| Izinguquko zombono | Ukubona kabili noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukukhubazeka | Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze. |
| Ukuhudula nokuwa ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma uwela phansi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqondo. |
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi. Umzuzwana ngamunye odlula ngaphandle kokwelashwa wandisa umonakalo ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi eqondile iyimithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu enikeza igazi ebuchosheni bethu nasemgogodleni.
- Ukuqongelela kwe-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi kungabangela ukuvaleka (i-stenosis) kanye nezimo ezingathi sína njengesifo sohlangothi.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) ingavikela le mithambo yegazi eyigugu.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, njengokuzizwa unesizungu kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, izinguquko embonweni, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ungachithi isikhathi futhi uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma unenkinga ngempilo yakho, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.
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