Izingane ezincane zinonya kakhulu futhi ziyafuna ukwazi. Zihlala zizama ukufaka noma yini ezingayithola emlonyeni wazo, ziyithinte, futhi ziyinambithe. Nakuba lokhu kufuna ukwazi kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwazo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinto ezivamile ekhaya zingaba yingozi enkulu empilweni yazo. Ukufaka ubuthi enganeni kuyinto engenzeka ngendlela engalindelekile. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zokufaka ubuthi?
Uma ingane ithola ubuthi, ingagula ngokuzumayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ngeke yazi nokuthi kwenzekeni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya, uphefumula ngokushesha, noma ungaphefumuli nhlobo. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Ukungakhulumi kahle, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, noma ukungakwazi ukukhuluma. |
| Isiyezi kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi | Ukungakwazi ukuhlala uthule, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ingqondo. |
| Ukuphuma kwamafinyila noma umuzwa wokushisa emlonyeni | Ulwelwesi oluphuma emaceleni omlomo, ukusha noma ukubomvu komlomo noma izindebe. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesicanucanu | Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, kanye nesicanucanu. |
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani izingane zithola ubuthi
Iningi lalezi zingozi zenzeka ekhaya. Futhi lokho kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5. Njengoba imizimba yazo ingakakhuli ngokugcwele, ngisho nento umuntu omdala angayisingatha ingaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zinto.
1. Imithi
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi izingane zifakwe ubuthi kungenxa yemithi. Imithi oyisebenzisayo wena, umyeni wakho, noma omunye umuntu endlini ingaba yingozi kakhulu ezinganeni. Cabanga nje, ngisho nephilisi elilodwa lamaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu (njenge-'Opioids') kanye nemithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, isifo sikashukela, kanye nezifo zengqondo kungaba yingozi empilweni yengane encane.
Ngisho nomuthi onikezwa ingane ngudokotela ungaba yingozi uma uphuzwa ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe. Njengoba imithi ewuketshezi (imithi yoju) ivame ukuba mnandi, uma ingane ibamba ibhodlela, cishe izophuza kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu ngalezi zinto.
Khumbula lezi zinto lapho unikeza umuthi:
* Njalo nikeza umthamo oqondile owunikezwe udokotela wakho. Ungasebenzisi izipuni oziphethe ekhaya. Sebenzisa indebe yokulinganisa kanye ne-dropper eza nomuthi.
* Uma abantu abadala abaningana ekhaya benikeza ingane umuthi, gcinani ukukhulumisana okuhle phakathi komunye nomunye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umuthi unganikezwa kabili.
* Uma iphilisi liwela phansi, ungayeki ukulifuna uze ulithole. Ingane ekhasa ingase ilifake emlonyeni wayo.
2. Imikhiqizo Yokuhlanza
Izinto eziningi zokuhlanza ziqukethe amakhemikhali anamandla ('ama-caustic agents') angashisa isikhumba, amehlo, kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula. Ngisho nezinto ezincane ezifana nezihlanzi zangasese kanye nezihlanzi zezitsha zingalimaza kakhulu indlela yokugaya ukudla yengane. Futhi, ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa ezihlanzini zingaba yingozi ngisho noma ziphefumula.
3. Izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula
Izinto esizisebenzisayo ukulawula ukhula engadini kanye nezinambuzane ekhaya ziyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni. Lezi zingaqukatha amakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu njenge-'organophosphates'. Uma usola ukuthi ingane idle into efana nale, yiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
4. Utshwala Nezidakamizwa Ezisetshenziswa Kabi
Uma ingane iphuza ibhodlela lotshwala ekhaya, amazinga ayo kashukela egazini angehla ngendlela eyingozi, okubangela ukuba ixhuzule futhi ilahlekelwe ingqondo (i-coma). Utshwala butholakala nasezihlanzini zomlomo, ezihlanzini zokuhlanza, kanye naseziphuzweni zokukhwehlela. Futhi, uma ingane ithola izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ekhaya, kungaba yingozi.
5. Ubuthi be-Carbon Monoxide
I-carbon monoxide iyigesi engenambala, engenaphunga, futhi eyingozi kakhulu.Le gesi inganqwabelana ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokusebenzisa ijeneretha endaweni engenamoya omuhle, ukusebenzisa isitofu segesi, isifudumezi samanzi segesi, ukukhanyisa isitofu sezinkuni ngaphakathi endlini, nokushiya imoto isebenza egaraji. Ukuphefumula le gesi kungabangela isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ngisho nokufa.
6. Izitshalo Ezinobuthi
Ezinye zezitshalo esizitshalayo ukuze sigcine izingadi zethu zinhle zingaba yingozi ezinganeni. Isibonelo, izitshalo ezifana ne-Oleander kanye ne-Glory Lily zingadala umonakalo wenhliziyo futhi zibulale uma zidliwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinhlobo zezihlahla engadini yakho.
7. Ezinye izinto
- Ama-hydrocarbon: Izinto ezifana nophethiloli, uphethiloli, uketshezi oluthambile, kanye noketshezi olulula zingalimaza ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa uma zigwinyiwe noma ziphefumulwa.
- I-Nicotine Ewuketshezi: Lolu ketshezi, olusetshenziswa kuma-e-cigarettes (ama-vapes), luwubuthi obuqinile kakhulu. Ngisho noma lufakwa esikhumbeni noma lugwinywe ngobuningi obuncane, luyingozi enganeni.
Senzani uma sidla ubuthi ngengozi? (Usizo lokuqala)
Uma ingane idla ubuthi, into ebaluleke kakhulu akusikho ukwethuka, kodwa ukwenza ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane ingazi lutho, inenkinga yokuphefumula, noma inesifo sokuwa, yiyise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze noma ushayele i-ambulensi ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini enye.
| Umcimbi | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Uma ugwinya ubuthi | Susa noma yini ezandleni zengane. Susa noma yini eseleyo emlonyeni. Ungabangeli ukuhlanza nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Amanye ama-poison angaba yingozi uma ehlanzwa. |
| Uma ubuthi bufika esikhumbeni | Geza indawo kahle ngokushesha ngensipho namanzi afudumele. Uma kukhona amabhamuza noma ukusha esikhumbeni, yiyise e-ETU ngokushesha. |
| Uma uphefumula ubuthi | Yisuse ngokushesha ingane endaweni engaphandle enomoya omuhle. Uma ingane iyeka ukuphefumula, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo (CPR) kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha. |
| Uma ubuthi bungena esweni | Qhubeka ugeza amehlo ngamanzi afudumele imizuzu eyi-10-15. Bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. |
Kuthiwani uma ngidinga iseluleko sochwepheshe? - Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Solwazi Ngobuthi
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi into ethile inobuthi noma cha, noma ukuthi wenzeni uma ingane yakho igwinya okuthile, kunendawo lapho ungafuna khona iseluleko sochwepheshe. Leso yiNational Poisons Information Centre etholakala eColombo National Hospital.
Ungashayela inombolo yayo yocingo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ucele iseluleko kodokotela nochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola inombolo yocingo yesikhungo bese uyigcina endaweni ebonakalayo efonini yakho nasekhaya.
Uma ukhuluma lapho, ukuba nalolu lwazi lulungile kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthola iseluleko esisheshayo:
- Ubudala nesisindo sengane.
- Igama lomkhiqizo odliwe (yiba nebhodlela noma iphakethe eduze uma kungenzeka).
- Izimpawu eziboniswa yingane.
- Inani elidliwe (cishe).
- Imininingwane yanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo ingane enazo.
Lezi zingozi zingavinjelwa kanjani?
“Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha,” basho. Ngokucophelela okuncane, singavimbela izingozi ezingaphezu kuka-90%.
- Gcina ngokuphephile: Gcina yonke imithi, izinto zokuhlanza, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll. kude nezingane, kude nokubonakala , noma ekhabetheni elikhiyiwe.
- Gcina ezitsheni zokuqala: Ungalokothi ugcine amakhemikhali emabhodleleni okudla noma eziphuzo noma ezinkomishini.
- Qaphela endlini yogogo nomkhulu: Imithi esetshenziswa ngabantu abadala ingafika ngamabhodlela okulula ukuwavula ezinganeni. Futhi, bangase bayishiye imithi ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke qaphela nalokho.
- Phinda upakishe ngemva kokusebenzisa: Buyisela amabhodlela emithi nezinto zokuhlanza endaweni yazo yokuqala ngokushesha nje lapho sezisetshenziswa.
- Lahla izinto ezingasetshenziswanga: Lahla ngendlela efanele imithi namakhemikhali aphelelwe yisikhathi nangasetshenziswanga. Ungaxhumana nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Ungashiyi izingane zodwa:Ungazishiyi izingane zodwa lapho usebenzisa amakhemikhali noma unikeza imithi.
Kungumthwalo wethu ukuvikela izingane zethu. Ngokunaka okuncane, ukunakekelwa okuncane, singavimbela ingozi enkulu empilweni yezingane zethu ezincane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba izingane zifakwe ubuthi yimithi nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza ekhaya.
- Gcina yonke imithi namakhemikhali ngokuphephile endaweni ekhiyiwe, kude nezingane.
- Uma usola ukuthi ingane idle ubuthi, yiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. Ungabangeli ukuhlanza ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Thola futhi ugcine inombolo yocingo yeNational Poison Information Centre eColombo National Hospital iseduze. Cela iseluleko kubo uma kukhona ukungabaza.
- Izingozi eziningi zingavinjelwa ngokuhlala uqaphile izingane njengoba zihlola izinto ngenxa yelukuluku.
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