Uke waphawula muva nje ushintsho olungazelelwe emikhubeni yakho yokugeza, ukungakhululeki esiswini, noma igazi esitulweni sakho? Lokhu kungaba yinto evamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwento okufanele siyinake ngempela. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesihloko abantu abaningi abangathandi ukukhuluma ngaso, kodwa sonke okudingeka sisiqaphele. Leso umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu kanye nowempundu.
Uyini umdlavuza we-colorectal?
Kalula nje, lo mdlavuza ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamangqamuzana odongeni lwangaphakathi lohlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla, i-colon kanye ne-rectum. I-colon iyingxenye yokugcina yohlelo lokugaya ukudla lomzimba wethu. Imunca amanzi nezakhamzimba ekudleni esikudlayo. Imfucuza eqinile esele, ebizwa ngokuthi indle, igcinwa ku-rectum.
Esikhathini esiningi, lo mdlavuza uqala njengomdlavuza ongabonakali. Okusho ukuthi, ukhula kancane ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela, umdlavuza ungase ube usuthuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma lo mdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelapheka ngokuphelele futhi singathatha izinyathelo zokuwuvimbela. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Lo mdlavuza uvela kanjani?
Iningi lala ma-cancer liqala njengezimila ezincane (ama-polyp) ezakheka odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-colon noma i-rectum. Akuwona wonke ama-polyp anomdlavuza, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula zibe umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-meatball ngokuyinhloko:
| Uhlobo lwe-Polyp | Ingozi yomdlavuza |
|---|---|
| Ama-polyp aqinile kanye nokuvuvukala | Lezi ngokuvamile azivamile ukuba nomdlavuza, kodwa uma zikhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi zisuswe. |
| Ama-adenoma noma ama-polyps adenomatous | LokhuIsimo esingaphambi komdlavuza. Uma singelashwa, singaba umdlavuza. |
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomdlavuza
Kulezi zinhlanzana, ezingama-96% zingezohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma , oluvela kumaseli akhiqiza ama-mucus e-colon kanye ne-rectum.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza?
Noma ubani angaba nalo mdlavuza, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Hlola ukuthi unazo yini ezinye zezinto eziyingozi ezingezansi.
| Isici Sengozi | Funda ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 ubudala | Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma kukhona emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini, izingane) oke waba nalo mdlavuza noma i-melanoma. |
| Ukudla | Ukudla inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube) kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe (njengesoseji, ubhekeni). |
| Ezinye izifo zamathumbu | Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis . |
| Izimo zofuzo | Ezinye izimo zofuzo, njenge-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). |
| Indlela Yokuphila | Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, kanye nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalo mdlavuza?
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isifo siqhubeka, kungase kuvele uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo. Uma uqhubeka nokuba nalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza, kodwa akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuzishaya indiva.
| Isibonakaliso | Indlela ozizwa ngayo |
|---|---|
| Ushintsho emikhubeni yokugeza | Ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo noma uhudo. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Amabala egazi esitulweni noma esitulweni aphenduka abe mnyama okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukungakhululeki kwesisu | Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ukuqunjelwa, noma igesi. |
| Ukukhipha amathumbu okungaphelele | Ukuzizwa sengathi kusadingeka ukuthi ukhululeke ngemva kokuya endlini yangasese. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama. |
| Ukukhathala okuvamile | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile (lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi). |
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuhlola, akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, bese ekuthumelela ukuhlolwa okudingekayo.
I-Colonoscopy
Lolu vivinyo olunembile nolujwayelekile kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ishubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo elinekhamera (ikholonoscope) lifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe lonke ithumbu elikhulu. Uma kubonakala ama-polyp, angasuswa ngokushesha noma kuthathwe isampula encane (i-biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe.
Ezinye izivivinyo
- Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka inani elincane legazi esitulweni elincane kakhulu ukuthi lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa noma yini, kunganconywa i-colonoscopy ngokulandelayo.
- I-CT Colonography: Lokhu kuyi-CT scan ekhethekile. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "i-virtual colonoscopy."
- I-Biopsy: Ingcezu encane yezicubu ezithathwe ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy ihlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma umdlavuza uqinisekiswa, uhlelo lokwelashwa luzoncika ezintweni eziningana, njengesigaba somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngohlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele kangcono.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala kanye nama-polyp kungasuswa ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke kancane, ingxenye ye-colon enomdlavuza ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ewavimba ukuba akhule. Lokhu kunganikezwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe kanye Nokwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Lezi izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje eziqondisa futhi zihlasele ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza, noma zivuselele amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe nomdlavuza.
Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela umdlavuza?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulo mdlavuza.
1. Ukudla okunempilo:
- Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-fiber (izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele).
- Nciphisa ukudla kwakho inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe .
2. Vivinya umzimba njalo:
- Zivocavoce okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.
3. Gcina isisindo esinempilo:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
4. Gwema ukubhema notshwala:
- Zombili lezi yimikhuba ebangela umdlavuza omningi.
5. Thola Ukuhlolwa Uneminyaka Efanele:
- Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubantu abasengozini evamile, manje kunconywa ukuthi baqale ukuhlolwa njalo lapho beneminyaka engu-45. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze unqume ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuhlola efanele wena nokuthi kufanele uyenze kangaki.
Uma usengozini enkulu (isibonelo, uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nayo), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-45.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ungavinjelwa futhi.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwemikhuba yokugeza, igazi esitulweni, kanye nobuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo.
- Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, ukuhlolwa njalo (ikakhulukazi ama-colonoscopy) ngemva kweminyaka engu-45 kungasindisa impilo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) kunganciphisa ingozi.
- Ungabi namahloni okukhuluma ngalokhu. Uma unokungabaza noma izimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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