Uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, sonke siyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, uma siziqaphela kusenesikhathi futhi senza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo, amathuba okuthi zelapheke ngokuphelele aphezulu kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza olunjalo. Lolo umdlavuza owenzeka emathunjini ethu kanye nase-rectum. Njengoba lokhu kukhula kancane futhi kungabonakali izimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Uyini umdlavuza we-colorectal?
Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwekholoni noma i-rectum yethu eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Ngemva kokuba ukudla esikudlayo kungene esiswini futhi izakhamzimba zimuncwa emathunjini amancane, okunye ukudla kuya emathunjini amakhulu. Yilapho amanzi nezakhamzimba ezisele zimuncwa khona bese kwakheka indle (indle). Le ndle igcinwa okwesikhashana e-rectum ngaphambi kokuba iphume emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, lezi zingxenye ezimbili yilapho lo mdlavuza uvela khona.
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinhlanzana ziqala njengezimila "ezithule". Lokho kusho ukuthi ungase ungaziboni izimpawu kuze kube yilapho sezinkulu. Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlolwa okufanele kungazithola lezi zinhlanzana noma izimo ezingaphambi komdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Uma zitholakala, zingelashwa futhi zelapheke ngokuphelele.
Lo mdlavuza ukhula kanjani? Ayini ama-polyp?
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ziqala ngokuthi "ama-polyp." Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane, ezikhula ngaphakathi kodonga lwamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, akuwona wonke ama-polyp angumdlavuza.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-polyps:
- Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki kanye nokuvuvukala: Lawa ngokuvamile awaguquki abe umdlavuza. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi uma eba makhulu, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lwesokudla lwe-colon, udokotela angase atuse ukuthi asuswe.
- Ama-Adenoma noma ama-polyp adenomatous: Lawa ayisandulela somdlavuza . Uma engelashwa, anethuba elikhulu lokukhula abe umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yingakho odokotela benza ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuze bahlole ama-polyp anjengalawa bese bewasusa uma ekhona.
Yiziphi izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalo mdlavuza, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane. Ingozi iyanda ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45-50. Hlola ithebula elingezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi unazo yini lezi zinto eziyingozi.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umlando womndeni | Uma kukhona emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini, izingane) oke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps. |
| Ukudla | Ukudla inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube) kanye nenyama ephekiwe (amasoseji, ubhekeni). |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Ukuba nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD) njengesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis. |
| Isimo sefa | Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) noma i-HNPCC. |
| Indlela Yokuphila | Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalo mdlavuza?
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, kungase kuvele uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo.
Okubalulekile: Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Zingabangelwa nezinye izizathu ezilula. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ushintsho emikhubeni yokugeza | Ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo noma uhudo. |
| Ukopha kwegazi endulo | Igazi eliphuma noma elingenayo indle lapho uya endlini yangasese. Indle ingaba mnyama omnyama noma ibomvu ngokumnyama. |
| Ukungakhululeki kwesisu | Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuzizwa usuthi. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukukhathala nokukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu njalo. Lokhu kubangelwa yi-anemia. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bakucele ukuthi uhlolwe okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unesifo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola igazi elingabonakali esitulweni.
- I-Colonoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungcono kakhulu nolunembe kakhulu. Ishubhu elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe lifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe lonke ithumbu. Uma kukhona ama-polyp, ingxenye encane ingathathwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy, kanti amanye ama-polyp angasuswa ngokuphelele.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Ifana ne-colonoscopy, kodwa kuhlolwa ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu kuphela.
- I-CT Scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke ngaphandle kwekholoni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izinketho zokwelapha zincike endaweni yomdlavuza, izinga osusakazeke ngalo (isigaba), kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngohlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ukuhlinzwa
Lokhu ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ingxenye yekholoni lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona kanye nama-lymph node azungezile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala ungelashwa ngokuphelele kuphela ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lezi yimithi enikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Inikezwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Futhi iyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza we-rectal.
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe kanye ne-Immunotherapy
Lezi izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kakhulu eziqondisa ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngenkathi zibangela umonakalo omncane kumaseli ajwayelekile, noma zivuselela amasosha ethu omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza.
Yini okufanele uyenze ukuvimbela umdlavuza kanye nangemva kokwelashwa?
Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa sekuqediwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe ngokulandelana ngesheduli ejwayelekile. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ngokushesha ukuthi umdlavuza usuphinde wavela yini.
Futhi, kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulo mdlavuza:
- Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla imifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino ecebile nge-fiber. Nciphisa inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Yenza ukuzivocavoca okubangela ukujuluka okungenani imizuzu engama-30, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi somdlavuza.
- Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala: Kokubili kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Hlola uneminyaka efanele: Ngokuvamile kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, njenge-colonoscopy, ngemva kweminyaka engu-45. Uma unomlando womndeni wengozi, kungadingeka uqale ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ungase ungabonakali izimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala, ngakho ungalindi.
- Uma unezinguquko eziqhubekayo emikhubeni yakho yokugeza, igazi esitulweni sakho, noma ukwehla kwesisindo ngendlela engachazeki,Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho enalo mdlavuza, tshela udokotela wakho ngawo. Ungase ufune ukuqala ukuhlolwa usemncane.
- Ngemva kweminyaka engu-45, ukuhlolwa njalo kungahlonza futhi kususe ama-polyp angaphambi komdlavuza futhi kutholakale umdlavuza kusenesikhathi.
- Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza ngokuphila impilo enempilo.
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