Uma ungumama okhulelwe, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile nge-'NT scan', noma 'first-trimester screening'. Ukuzwa leli gama kungakwenza uzizwe wesaba futhi unelukuluku. Kodwa empeleni kuwukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, futhi akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nalesi NT scan.
Kuyini ngempela ukuskena kwe-NT?
Kalula nje, i-NT scan iyi-ultrasound scan ekhethekile eyenziwa phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwakho, phakathi kwamasonto e-11 ne-14. Igama eliphelele lalokhu yi-Nuchal Translucency scan. Ibheka kakhulu ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe nezimo ezithile zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome.
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuskena kuhambisana nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka amazinga amahomoni athile namaprotheni egazini lakho. Isibonelo:
- I-beta yamahhala- I-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG)
- Iphrotheni ye-plasma ehlobene nokukhulelwa-A (PAPP-A)
- I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Lawa ma-hormone namaprotheni akhona emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe. Kodwa uma ingane inesimo esifana ne -Down syndrome , amazinga ayo angaba phansi noma aphezulu kunokuvamile. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-NT kanye nalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ndawonye, sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kwe-first trimester okuhlanganisiwe' . Imiphumela inembile kakhulu uma yenziwa ndawonye.
Yini ngempela le scan eyifunayo?
Lokhu kuyinto ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Wonke umntwana okhula esibelethweni unesikhumba esincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngemuva kwentamo yakhe, esigcwele uketshezi oluncane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-nuchal fold'. Lokhu kuyinto yonke ingane enempilo enayo.
Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezinezimo ezithile zofuzo, uketshezi oluningi kunolujwayelekile luqoqana kulo 'mgoqo we-nuchal'. Bese lowo mbala uba mkhulu kancane. I-NT scan ilinganisa lobo bukhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kulobu bukhulu, kungenzeka ukulinganisa ingozi yokuba ingane ibe nesifo esithile sofuzo.
| Isimo Sihlolwe | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| I-Down syndrome (i-Down syndrome / i-Trisomy 21) | Isimo lapho amangqamuzana ethu enekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21, noma amakhophi amathathu, esikhundleni samabili esivame ukuba nawo emaseli ethu. Lokhu kungathinta intuthuko yengqondo neyomzimba. |
| I-Trisomy 13 no-18 | Lokhu kufana ne-Down syndrome. Lapha, kunekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 13 noma 18. Lezi yizimo ezibangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa. |
| I-Turner syndrome | Isimo esithinta kuphela izingane zabesifazane ezine-chromosome X. Kulesi simo, ingxenye noma yonke i-chromosome X ayikho. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokukhula nezinkinga zenhliziyo. |
| Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso | Kukhona ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo lapho kuzalwa. Okunye kungaba yingozi empilweni, kanti okunye kungase kungabi nenkinga nhlobo. |
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: I-NT scan iyisivivinyo sokuhlola , hhayi isivivinyo sokuxilonga . Lokho kusho ukuthi akuqinisekisi ngokuphelele ukuthi ingane yakho inalezi zimo. Kubonisa kuphela ukuthi ingozi yokuthola lesi simo iphezulu noma iphansi.
Ngaphezu kwaleli phuzu eliyinhloko, udokotela uzonaka ezinye izinto eziningana lapho enza lokhu kuskena.
- Ingabe ingane yakho ikhula kahle?
- Zingaki izingane ezikhona esibelethweni?
- Uma bengamawele, ingabe babelana nge-placenta efanayo?
- Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi kahle ukuthi ukhulelwe isikhathi esingakanani .
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-NT?
Lokhu ukuskena okuvamile njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukuskena oke wakwenza ngaphambili. Akukho okukhethekile. Uzocelwa ukuthi uphuze izingilazi zamanzi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 cishe ihora ngaphambi kokuskena. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi kulula ukubona ingane kahle uma isinyi sakho sigcwele. Ngakho-ke ungachami ngaphambi kokuskena. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kungakhululekile, kuzosiza ukuskena ukuthi kuhambe kahle.
Uma ungena ekamelweni lokuskena, uzocelwa ukuba ulale embhedeni. Uchwepheshe uzobe esefaka inani elincane lejeli esiswini sakho esingezansi bese edlulisa ithuluzi elincane (induku/iprobe) kulo ukuze athathe izithombe. Uzozwa ukucindezeleka okuncane ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ngeke kube buhlungu . Uma izithombe ezidingekayo sezithathiwe, ukuskena sekuphelile. Ungaya ekhaya njengenjwayelo.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu kuskena?
Cha. Ukuskena kwe-NT akusona isivivinyo esiyimpoqo. Kungakhethwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unelungelo eliphelele lokunquma ukuthi uyakwenza noma cha.
Abanye abazali bathanda ukwenza lolu vivinyo futhi bathole kusengaphambili ngezingozi zempilo yengane yabo. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma kukhona ingane enezidingo ezikhethekile, banesikhathi sokulungiselela ngokwengqondo nanganoma iyiphi enye indlela ukunakekela leyo ngane.
Futhi, abanye abazali banomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlolwa okunjalo kungabangela ukucindezeleka okungadingekile. Bangase banqume ukungayi kokuhlolwa uma imiphumela ingashintshi indlela abanakekela ngayo ingane yabo. Zombili izinqumo zilungile. Into ebalulekile ukuthi wena nomlingani wakho nenze isinqumo esikulungele, kanye nodokotela wakho uma kudingeka.
Ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela yokuskena?
Njengoba umntwana ekhula esibelethweni, ukugoba kwe-nuchal esikhulume ngakho ekuqaleni nakho kuyakhula kancane kancane ngokuqina. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso esitholwe ngesikhathi sokuskena siqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinye izingane ezinempilo zobudala obufanayo.
| Umphumela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umphumela omaphakathi (Ingozi Ephansi) | Kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile ukuthi isilinganiso sibe ngamamilimitha angu-2 (2mm) emavikini angu-11 kanye namamilimitha angu-2.8 (2.8mm) emavikini angu-13 nezinsuku ezingu-6. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane isengozini encane yokuba nesifo sofuzo. |
| Umphumela ongajwayelekile (Ingozi Ephakeme) | Uma isilinganiso singaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile esishiwo ngenhla, kubhekwa njengomphumela "oyingozi enkulu". Lokhu akusho ukuthi umntwana unesifo, kodwa kusho ukuthi ingozi iphakeme kunejwayelekile. |
Udokotela wakho ngeke asebenzise lesi silinganiso sokuskena kuphela, kodwa futhi nemiphumela yakho yobudala kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze enze ukuxilongwa kokugcina. Uma kuhlanganiswa, ukuhlolwa kwe-NT kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kungabikezela ingozi yezimo zofuzo ngokunemba okungaba ngu-85% .
Kodwa-ke, kunethuba elingu-5% lomphumela "ongamanga". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane ingaba sengozini enkulu, noma ngabe azikho izinkinga.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma imiphumela ye-NT scan ingajwayelekile?
Okokuqala, ungesabi . Umphumela 'onobungozi obukhulu' akusho ukuthi kunenkinga ngengane. Kusho nje ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Udokotela wakho uzosikisela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ongakwenza. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenza ukuxilongwa okunembile okungu-100%.
- Ukusampula Kwe-Chorionic Villus (CVS): Lapha, kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ku-placenta bese ihlolwa.
- I-Amniocentesis: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-amniotic esibelethweni bese uyihlola.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA (cfDNA) ngaphambi kokuzalwa: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuhlaziya izingcezu ze-DNA yengane yakho egazini lakho ukuze kuhlolwe izimo zofuzo . ( Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuhlaziya izingcezu ze-DNA yengane yakho egazini lakho ukuze kuhlolwe izimo zofuzo.)
Udokotela wakho uzochaza izinzuzo, izinkinga, kanye nezingozi zalokhu kuhlolwa ngakunye, okwenzelwe isimo sakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, unganquma ukuthi uzolwenza noma cha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuskena kwe-NT kuwukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound okuphephile ngokuphelele futhi okungenabuhlungu okwenziwa phakathi nekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa.
- Akuphoqelekile ukwenza lokhu. Kukuwe ngokuphelele.
- Lokhu kuhlola ingozi yezimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuba khona kwalesi sifo.
- Uma uthola umphumela 'onobungozi obukhulu', ungesabi, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
- Ungalokothi unqikaze ukuxoxa nokucacisa zonke izinkinga zakho nokungabaza nodokotela wakho.
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