Wake wacabanga ukuthi ezinye zezinto esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengokupakishwa kokudla nezingubo, zingase zifihle amakhemikhali ayingozi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa esingawanaki kakhulu? Lawa abizwa ngokuthi yi-PFAS. Abanye bawabiza ngokuthi 'amakhemikhali angunaphakade'. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ayini lawa ma-PFAS, ukuthi athinta kanjani impilo yethu, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuwo ngangokunokwenzeka.
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Ziyini lezi 'khemikhali ezihlala isikhathi eside' (PFAS)?
Kalula nje, i-PFAS (i-Perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) yiqembu lamakhemikhali enziwe ngabantu. Anekhono elimangalisayo lokuxosha izinto ezifana namanzi, uwoyela, nothuli. Okusho ukuthi, amanzi namafutha awanamatheli endaweni enawo. Njengethonsi lamanzi eqabungeni le-lotus.
Ngenxa yalesi sici, abakhiqizi basebenzisa le khemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-PFAS ezintweni eziningi. Cabanga ngepani elinganamatheli olisebenzisa ekhishini. Kungenxa yale khemikhali ukuthi ukudla akunamatheli kuyo. Futhi:
- Izingubo ezingangenisi manzi
- Amakhaphethi namasofa angangenwa amabala
- Iphepha elingangenisi amafutha
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezimonyo (izimonyo)
- Igwebu lokucisha umlilo
Kunesizathu sokuthi zibizwa ngokuthi 'amakhemikhali angunaphakade'. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la makhemikhali awaphuki kalula endaweni ezungezile noma emizimbeni yethu . Ahlala enjalo iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi basola ukuthi angakha kancane kancane endaweni ezungezile nasemizimbeni yethu, okubangela izinkinga zempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-PFAS iyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu? (Izingozi zempilo)
Lezi PFAS, ezingena emizimbeni yethu ngamanzi esiwaphuzayo kanye nokudla esikudlayo, azisuswa kalula, ngakho-ke ziqoqana emzimbeni. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu ePFAS emzimbeni angabangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Kodwa khumbula, ucwaningo ngalezi zinto lusaqhubeka.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu obhekene ne-PFAS ozothola lezi zifo. Kodwa ingozi inganda. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezingozi ezinkulu zempilo ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-PFAS.
| Uhlelo/isitho esithintekile | Inkinga yempilo engaba khona |
|---|---|
| Izinga le-cholesterol | Ukwanda kwamazinga e-cholesterol emzimbeni. |
| Ukukhulelwa kanye nezingane | Ingozi yokukhula kombungu okulibazisekile, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, ukukhuluphala kwengane, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-preeclampsia). |
| Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela | Ubuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwemithi yokugoma. |
| Ingozi yomdlavuza | Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuba nomdlavuza wezinso, wendlala yesinye, kanye nowamasende. |
| Eminye imiphumela | Izimo ezifana nesifo se-thyroid, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukwehla kokuzala, kanye nesifo sofuba esibangela izilonda emathunjini. |
Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme?
Yebo, ezinye izifundo ziphakamise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PFAS nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kutholakale ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-PFAS ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni ephakathi kanye nomama abakhulelwe.
I-PFAS ingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Kunezindlela eziningana le khemikhali engangena ngazo emizimbeni yethu. Uma sikwazi lokhu, singanciphisa ukuchayeka kwethu.
- Amanzi okuphuza: Indlela eyinhloko yokuchayeka emanzini okuphuza angcoliswe yi-PFAS. Izindawo eziseduze nezimboni nezikhungo zokuqeqesha abacimi bomlilo zisengozini enkulu yokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
- Ukudla: Ngemifino, izithelo, kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane efana nenyama nobisi olukhuliswe enhlabathini noma emanzini angcoliswe yi-PFAS. Ikakhulukazi ngokudla izinhlanzi ezivela emachibini angcolisiwe.
- Ukupakishwa kokudla: I-PFAS emaphaketheni angangenisi uwoyela namanzi, njengamabhokisi okudla okuthathwayo kanye nezikhwama ze-popcorn ze-microwave, ingamuncwa ekudleni.
- Imikhiqizo yasekhaya: I-PFAS ingakhishwa uma ubuso bezitsha zokupheka ezinganamatheli buklwejwa. Futhi, ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli ezivela kumakhaphethi nefenisha ezivimbela amabala.
- Eminye imikhiqizo yobuhle: Ezinye izisekelo, ama-mascara angangeni manzi, kanye nama-nail polishes nazo zingase zibe ne-PFAS.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zifo ze-PFAS?
Kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele la makhemikhali, njengoba manje esevame kakhulu emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, singakunciphisa kakhulu ukuchayeka kwethu.
1. Qaphela amanzi akho okuphuza: Uma usebenzisa amanzi avela endaweni yamanzi yomphakathi, hlola umbiko wekhwalithi yamanzi endawo yakho. Uma amanzi akho enamazinga aphezulu e-PFAS, kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa isihlungi samanzi esiqinisekisiwe. Uma ungabaza, kuphephile ukuphuza nokupheka ngamanzi asemabhodleleni.
2. Qaphela uma usebenzisa izitsha zokupheka ezinganamatheli: Uma ipani lakho elinganamatheli linemihuzuko noma imifantu ebusweni balo, kungcono ukulilahla bese ushintshela ezitsheni zokupheka zensimbi engagqwali, insimbi ecijile, noma ze-ceramic. Uma usebenzisa izitsha zokupheka ezinganamatheli, gwema ukupheka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
3. Cabanga ngokupakishwa kokudla: Nciphisa ukudla okuthathwayo nokudla okusheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukudla okuphekwe ekhaya kuhlale kunempilo. Gwema ukufudumala ukudla okuvela esitolo kupakishwe elifanayo.
4. Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile: I-PFAS inganqwabelana othulini lwasekhaya, ngakho-ke hlanza indlu yakho njalo nge-vacuum cleaner bese uyisula ngendwangu emanzi.
5. Funda amalebula omkhiqizo: Uma umkhiqizo unamagama anjengokuthi “PTFE” noma “fluoro” ohlwini lwawo lwezithako, cishe uqukethe i-PFAS. Khetha imikhiqizo ebhalwe ukuthi “ayinayo i-PFAS.”
Uma unenkinga yezempilo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-PFAS uhlobo 'lwamakhemikhali angunaphakade'. Aziphuki kalula endaweni ezungezile noma emizimbeni yethu.
- Lokhu kungangena emizimbeni yethu ngezitsha zokupheka ezinganamatheli, izingubo ezingangeni manzi, ukupakishwa kokudla, kanye namanzi angcolile.
- Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-PFAS kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokwanda kwe-cholesterol, ingozi yomdlavuza, kanye nokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ukuchayeka kungancishiswa ngokugwema izitsha zokupheka ezinganamatheli eziklwebhekayo, ukusebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi eziqinisekisiwe, nokunciphisa ukudla okusheshayo.
- Uma unokungabaza ngempilo yakho, ungalibali bese uthintana nodokotela wakho.
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