Ingabe sekuyisikhathi sokuba ingane yakho encane ithole umjovo wayo olandelayo njengoba kusho ikhadi layo lomjovo? Uzizwa udangele nalapho ingane yakho ikhala ngenkathi ithola umjovo, akunjalo? Kujwayelekile kakhulu. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqonde sonke ukuthi le mijovo ifana nesivikelo esivikela ingane ezifweni eziningi eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale mijovo, noma njengoba siyibiza kanjalo, yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni ngayo.
Uyini ngempela umuthi wokugoma?
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugoma uyingxenye encane kakhulu, ebuthaka yegciwane noma igciwane elibangela isifo, noma igciwane elibulawe ngokuphelele. Eminye imijovo yesimanje ingase ibe nengxenye yephrotheni eyenziwe elabhorethri efana negciwane.
Uma lokhu kungena emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba wethu asebenza ngokushesha. Kufana nokuqeqesha ibutho. Umzimba ucabanga ukuthi kuza ukugula kwangempela. Bese uqala ukwenza amasosha akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies' adinga ukulwa nalesi sifo. Bese kuthi, uma igciwane elibangela lokho kugula lingene emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba ethu alungiselelwe kusengaphambili futhi azolwa nalesi sifo futhi asinqobe. Ngenxa yalokho, noma ukugula kuyeka ukwenzeka ngokuphelele, noma uma kwenzeka, kuzoba mnene kakhulu futhi uzolulama ngokushesha.
Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukugonywa?
Cabanga nje, kulula kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukuvimbela isifo kunokuselapha ngemva kokuba sesivele. Leyo yinhloso eyinhloko yokugoma.
Imijovo ayivikeli thina kuphela, kodwa nabanye abasizungezile, ikakhulukazi labo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, ezifweni ezingathi sína. Cabanga nje, izifo ezifana nesimungumungwane, ugoqo, kanye nokukhwehlela okukhulu, okwake kwabulala izinkulungwane zezingane ezweni lakithi, manje sezinciphile kakhulu ngenxa yale mijovo. Imijovo futhi iyimbangela yokuthi izifo ezifana ne-polio kanye ne-smallpox zicishe ziqedwe emhlabeni. Eminye imijovo idinga ukunikezwa kanye kuphela empilweni, kodwa eminye imijovo idinga imithamo "ekhuthazayo" ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze igcine isivikelo sayo.
Yimiphi imijovo okufanele ingane yami iyithole?
Ezweni lakithi, ukuze ubhalise ingane esikoleni, kumele ube nobufakazi bokugonywa. Lokhu ngeke kuvikele ingane yakho kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzovikela bonke abanye abantwana ekilasini layo. Ithebula elingezansi libala eminye yemigomo eyinhloko enikezwa ingane ngokwe-National Immunization Program eSri Lanka.
| Isifo esivinjelwa ngomjovo | Igama lesiNgisi |
|---|---|
| Isifo sofuba | Umuthi Wokugomela i-BCG |
| Uvendle | Umuthi Wokugomela I-Poliovirus |
| Umphimbo, ukuqunjelwa, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, i-hepatitis B, i-Haemophilus influenzae B | I-Pentavalent (DTP-HepB-Hib) |
| Isimungumungwane, umbungu, i-rubella | Umuthi Wokugomela i-MMR |
| I-encephalitis yaseJapan (umkhuhlane wobuchopho) | Umuthi Wokugomela i-Encephalitis yaseJapan (JE) |
| Inyongo, ileus (omdala) | I-Diphtheria Yabantu Abadala kanye ne-Tetanus (dT) |
| I-COVID-19 | Umgomo we-covid-19 |
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane yakho imijovo njengoba nje kubekwe ohlelweni olusekhadini layo lokugoma. Kodwa uma ngesizathu esithile uphuthelwa ukugoma, ungakhathazeki. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola umjovo ongawuphuthelwanga.
Ingabe kufanele sesabe imiphumela emibi yemithi yokugoma?
Imithi yokugoma yanamuhla iphephile kakhulu. Kodwa njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imithi yokugoma ingaba nemiphumela emibi emincane. Esikhathini esiningi, le mithi mincane kakhulu.
- Ukubomvu, ubuhlungu obuncane, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova.
- Umkhuhlane omncane.
Lezi zinto zivame ukuphela ngokuphelele ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ingane ibe nomkhuhlane omncane. Lo mkhuhlane awuyona ingozi enganeni, kodwa ungenza ingane ingakhululeki. Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba akuvamile kakhulu.Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokugonywa. Amahhovisi odokotela (imitholampilo) anazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo zokubhekana nesimo esinjalo. Uma ingane yakho inokugula okuthile, kufanele utshele udokotela ngakho ngaphambi kokunikeza umuthi wokugoma.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi (njengokufa noma ukukhubazeka) ngenxa yezifo ezingavinjelwa ngomjovo makhulu ngokuphindwe kazinkulungwane kunengozi encane kakhulu ebangelwa umjovo.
Izinganekwane ngemithi yokugoma
I-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana zisakaze imibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nemithi yokugoma. Ake sibheke eminye yemigomo eyinhloko.
Inganekwane #1: "Kungani kufanele ugomele izifo ezingasekho?"
Lokhu kuyinto abazali abaningi abayibuzayo. "Kungani sigomela izingane zethu ezifweni ezifana nesimungumungwane kanye ne-polio esingakaze siyibone ngaphambili?" Impendulo elula iwukuthi lezi zifo azivamile ngenxa yemithi yokugoma. Uma siyeka ukunikeza imithi yokugoma ngokusekelwe kule mibono eyiphutha, lezo zifo eziyingozi zizoqala ukusabalala futhi.
Inganekwane #2: "I-thimerosal ye-mercury compound emithini yokugoma iyingozi."
I-Thimerosal iyinhlanganisela eyayisetshenziswa ukulondoloza imijovo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu emijovweni alibangeli monakalo. Kodwa-ke, njengesinyathelo sokuqapha, i-thimerosal isusiwe ngokuphelele emijovweni eminingi yabantwana kusukela ngo-2001.
Inganekwane #3: "Imigomo ibangela i-autism."
Lena yinganekwane enkulu neyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ayilona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Izimpawu zesifo se-autism spectrum zivame ukuvela enganeni eneminyaka efanayo nomuthi wokugomela i-MMR. Ukuhlangana kwalezi zikhathi ezimbili kuholele abanye ekukholweni ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana.
Kodwa umuthi wokugomela i-MMR awukaze ube ne-thimerosal. Ucwaningo olulodwa olubonise ukuxhumana phakathi kwemijovo kanye ne-autism luye lwafakazelwa ukuthi luyinkohliso. Lonke ucwaningo olulandelayo, okuhlanganisa nocwaningo lweminyaka eyi-10 lwezingane ezicishe zibe ngu-700,000, luye lwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemijovo kanye ne-autism. Khumbula, umonakalo ongenziwa enganeni yizifo ezifana nesimungumungwane kanye ne-mumps mkhulu kakhulu kunomonakalo okucatshangwa ukuthi ubangelwa umuthi wokugomela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukugoma kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu nephephile yokuvikela izingane ezifweni ezingathi sína.
- Kujwayelekile ukuzwa umkhuhlane omncane kanye nokubomvu endaweni yokujova ngemva kokugoma. Lokhu kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
- Inganekwane yokuthi imijovo ibangela i-autism ingamanga ngokuphelele. Lokhu kufakazelwe yizifundo eziningi zesayensi.
- Nika ingane yakho imijovo njengoba nje kubhalwe ekhadini layo lokugoma. Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, ungesabi futhi khuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Uma unemibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ngemithi yokugoma, ungakholelwa ulwazi olungelona iqiniso oluku-inthanethi, kodwa buza udokotela wakho.
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