Momma yɛnka kokoam nhyehyɛe a ɛhwɛ wo mogya mmoroso so no ho asɛm: (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - RAAS)!

So woasusuw pɛn sɛ wo mogya mmoroso nyɛ biribi a wuntumi nyɛ ho hwee kɛkɛ? Nokwarem no, nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛbɛma yɛadi so. Ɛno ne nhyehyɛe a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ. Wɔfrɛ eyi renin-angiotensin-aldosterone nhyehyɛe , anaa RAAS tiawa. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛwom sɛ edin no ware kakra de, nanso momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ.

Dɛn ne RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Nhyehyɛe) yi?

Okay, enti dɛn ne RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) no? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ hormone, protein, ne enzyme ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛka bom yɛ adwuma bom. Ɛte sɛ kuw ketewaa bi a wɔayɛ no yiye. Adwuma titiriw a kuw yi yɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ yɛn mogya mmoroso ne nsu dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya dodow so bere tenten.

Susuw mogya ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho sɛ nsu afiri a ɛde nsu kɔ. Mogya dodow a ɛsen fa saa nsu afiri yi mu, ne nhyɛso a saa mogya no de ba nsu afiri no afasu so no, ne nea yɛfrɛ no mogya mmoroso. Enti, nea RAAS yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛma nkyene (sodium) ne nsu a ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu no yɛ kɛse. Afei nsu dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya dodow kɔ soro. Ɛma mogya ntini no nso twetwe. Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwɛ ntini a ɛwɔ ntini no mu no nne so. Eyi nyinaa boa ma mogya mmoroso kɔ so yɛ nea wɔpɛ, anaasɛ sɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, ɛkɔ so yɛ nea ɛfata.

Nnipa atitiriw baasa na wɔwɔ saa RAAS nhyehyɛe yi mu, te sɛ nnipa atitiriw a wɔwɔ agoru bi mu:

• Renin: Eyi yɛ enzyme bi.
• Angiotensin II: Eyi yɛ hormone.
• Aldosterone : Eyi nso yɛ hormone.

Sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsɛmfua abien yi mu kakra a, enzymes yɛ protein ahorow soronko a ɛboa na ɛma nnuru yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔboa ma nneɛma bi yɛ foforo na wɔsɛe nneɛma bi. Hormone yɛ nnuru abɔfo a ɛma yɛn nipadua no yɛ adwuma bom. Wɔnam mogya no mu na wɔka nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ kyerɛ akwaa ahorow, ntini ahorow, ne ntini ahorow. Ɛte sɛ yɛn nipadua no posɔfese adwuma.

Enti, dɛn ne mogya mmoroso?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wɔde cuff a ɛwɔ wo nsa so susuw wo mogya mmoroso. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, eyi ne nhyɛso a mogya a ɛwɔ wo ntini mu no de ba bere biara a wo koma bɛbɔ no. Saa nhyɛso a ɛfata yi ho hia yiye ma mogya a efi yɛn koma mu kɔ yɛn nipadua mu akwaa ne ntini foforo biara mu yiye.

Mogya mmoroso gyina nneɛma pii so, te sɛ mogya dodow a wo koma de tu ne ntini a wo mogya fa mu no kɛse.

Nneɛma pii te sɛ nnuru bi, srade a ɛdɔɔso, ne sigaretnom betumi aka wo mogya mmoroso. Nanso, nhyehyɛe titiriw a ɛhwɛ mogya mmoroso so ne RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Nanso kae sɛ, sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso (hypertension) anaa mogya mmoroso (hypotension) a, ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ɔhaw wɔ RAAS nhyehyɛe no ho bere nyinaa. Ebia nneɛma afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda RAAS ne baroreceptor reflex ntam?

Eyinom abien nyinaa ho hia yiye wɔ mogya mmoroso a wodi mu, nanso nsonsonoe kakra wɔ mu.

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) no yɛ adwuma titiriw de hwɛ mogya dodow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ne ntini a ɛko tia nipadua no nyinaa so.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, baroreceptor reflex, anaa sɛnea ebinom frɛ no , baroreflex , yɛ adwuma bere a mogya mmoroso so tew bere tiaa bi no. Ɛne sɛ, ɛyɛ ho biribi ntɛm wɔ nsakrae nketenkete a ɛba ntɛmntɛm wɔ mogya mmoroso mu fi koma bɔ so kɔ koma bɔ so no ho. Saa baroreceptors a ɛwɔ yɛn ntini ahorow mu yi ma yɛn autonomic nervous system no kyerɛ nsakrae ahorow yi ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne akwaa ahorow a ɛho hia a ɛka RAAS no ho?

Akwaa, ntini, ne ntini ahorow pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu bom yɛ adwuma de hwɛ hu sɛ RAAS nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma yiye. Eyinom mu nea ɛho hia sen biara ne:

• Asaabo : Eyinom ne nea edi kan a ɛma renin fi mu.
• Mmɛn: Wɔyɛ protein a wɔfrɛ no angiotensinogen wɔ ha.
• Mogya ntini: Eyinom na ɛtwetwe mogya mmoroso na ɛma ɛkɔ soro.
• Ahurututu: Beae titiriw a ACE enzyme no wɔ.
• Adrenal glands: Eyinom yɛ ntini nketewa abien a ɛte sɛ ahinanan a ɛwɔ yɛn asaabo atifi. Wɔma wonya aldosterone.
• Pituitary gland: Eyi yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ dompe, a ɛwɔ amemene no ase, wɔ hypothalamus ase. Ɛma wonya hormone ADH.
• Hypothalamus: Eyi yɛ amemene no fã bi a ɛma yɛn autonomic nervous system ne pituitary gland no dwumadi yɛ biako.

Hwɛ sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma pii bom yɛ adwuma na ama ade biako ayɛ adwuma!

Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na RAAS nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) yi yɛ adwuma. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ anammɔn pii mu:

1. Nea edi kan no, fa no sɛ wo mogya so tew mpofirim kakra . Anaasɛ sɛ mogya dodow a ɛkɔ asaabo mu no so tew. Saa bere no, yɛn asaabo abien a ɛyɛ anifere no yi enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no renin kɔ mogya no mu.

2. Afei saa renin yi kɔ na ɛpaapae protein bi a wɔfrɛ no angiotensinogen , a wɔyɛ wɔ yɛn mmerɛbo mu na wɔde ka mogya no ho. Ɛte sɛ nea wode nkankyee twitwa krataa. Afei hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no angiotensin I ba.

3. Nanso saa angiotensin I yi nyɛ adwuma kɛse, kyerɛ sɛ, enni nkɛntɛnso kɛse (ɛnyɛ adwuma). Enti sɛ ɛsen fa mogya no mu a, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) a ɛwɔ yɛn ahurututu ne yɛn asaabo mu no bubu no asinasin pii. Ɛno ne bere a hormone a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye a wɔfrɛ no angiotensin II no ba.

4. Afei saa angiotensin II yi ne adwumayɛ pɔnkɔ ankasa. Ɛma yɛn ntini nketewa a ɛne ntini ahorow no ntini afasu no twetwe mpofirim. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea worepiapia nsu paipu na nsu no akɔ ntɛmntɛm, na sɛ ntini no mu yɛ den a, mogya mmoroso kɔ soro. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom saa angiotensin II yi ma yɛn adrenal ntini ahorow no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no aldosterone . Ɛsan nso ka kyerɛ pituitary gland no sɛ eyi hormone a ɛko tia nsu a ɛma nsu fi nipadua no mu, ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), anaa Vasopressin .

5. Afei, aldosterone ne ADH bom yɛ adwuma ka kyerɛ asaabo no sɛ ɛnsan nnye nkyene a nipadua no hia, kyerɛ sɛ, sodium, nkɔ nipadua no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛmma ɛnkora so. Bere koro no ara mu no, aldosterone ka kyerɛ asaabo no sɛ nyi potassium a nipadua no nhia no fi nsu mu .

6. Enti, sɛ sodium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu kɔ soro a, nipadua no nso fi ase kura nsu mu. Afei mogya dodow no nyinaa kɔ soro, na ɛno akyi no, mogya mmoroso no kɔ soro. Saa na saa renin-angiotensin-aldosterone nhyehyɛe yi wie. Mogya mmoroso no san ba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

Nkwammoaa afoforo pii betumi ama RAAS nhyehyɛe no ayɛ adwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no , corticosteroids, estrogen, ne thyroid hormone nso betumi akanyan nhyehyɛe no.

Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda Koma a Ɛnyɛ Den ne RAAS ntam?

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ RAAS nhyehyɛe yi a ebinom frɛ no komayare no.Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda tebea no ne RAAS nhyehyɛe no ntam? Nokwarem no, wɔ obi a ɔwɔ komayare nipadua mu no, saa RAAS nhyehyɛe yi di dwuma titiriw bi, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ den.

Mfiase no, sɛ koma no ntumi mfa mogya nkɔ yiye (i.e., bere a koma no ayɛ mmerɛw) a, entumi mfa mogya a ɛdɔɔso mma nipadua no akwaa a ɛho hia no. Saa bere no, nsakrae a ɛba RAAS nhyehyɛe no mu fi ase ba sɛ ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so atua eyi so ka. Ɔkwan foforo so no, nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ebetua saa sintɔ yi ho ka.

Ne titiriw no, RAAS no yi hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no Angiotensin II pii fi mu de bɔ mmɔden sɛ ebetua mogya a ɛso atew no so ka. Nanso, Angiotensin II a ɛkɔ soro yi a ɛkɔ soro bere tenten yi betumi ama komayare asɛe kɛse. Nyansahufo gye di sɛ Angiotensin II a ɛboro so yi ma koma no yɛ kɛse na ɛsan yɛ foforo.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sɛ koma no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛmma mogya pii a, nipadua no susuw sɛ, ‘Oo, me mogya so atew, minni mogya a ɛdɔɔso.’ Enti RAAS no yɛ adwuma ma mogya mmoroso kɔ soro na ɛma mogya dodow kɔ soro. Bere a ɛno betumi aboa wɔ bere tiaa mu no, bere tenten mu no, ɛde nhyɛso kɛse ka koma a ayɛ mmerɛw dedaw no ho.

Esiane eyi nti, sɛ nnuruyɛfo resa nnipa a wɔwɔ komayare yare a, wɔde nnuru a ɛka RAAS nhyehyɛe no tẽẽ na ɛhwɛ ne dwumadi so di dwuma. Saa nnuru yi ma RAAS nhyehyɛe no ntumi nyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛho nhia so. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Beta-blockers a wɔde siw ano
• Nnuru a esiw enzyme a ɛdannan angiotensin ano (ACE inhibitors) .
• Nnuru a wɔde siw angiotensin ano (ARBs) .
• Nnuru a ɛko tia mineralocorticoid (MRA) .

Saa nnuru yi brɛ nhyɛso a ɛho nhia a ɛba koma no so ase na ɛboa ma wodi komayare so.

Ade a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne

Enti, afei wubetumi ahu sɛnea renin-angiotensin-aldosterone nhyehyɛe (RAAS) no ho hia na ɛyɛ den ma yɛn mogya mmoroso sohwɛ ne koma akwahosan. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛho hia na ama yɛn nipadua no akɔ so anya apɔwmuden. Ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ mfiridwumayɛfo ketewaa bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ wo mogya mmoroso ho dadwen bi, sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso anaa mogya mmoroso ho sɛnkyerɛnne , anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wubedi wo mogya mmoroso so a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.Wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛboa wo na wɔabua wo nsɛmmisa. Ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ nneɛma a ɛtete saa ho, efisɛ ɛno ansa na yebetumi asi yɛn akwahosan ho gyinae a ɛfata. Wo nipadua a wubehu no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ bra pa.

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