Nyansahufo a wɔredi mmoawa akyi! Hena ne ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo yi? Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nsɛm no mu nsɛm nyinaa!

So woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ hena na ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ saa mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa te sɛ atiridiinini ne atiridiinini ba, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a coronavirus a ɛma wiase nyinaa mmubuafo no ho? Hena na ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ mmoawa yi, sɛnea ɛtrɛw, nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ de bɔ wo ho ban fi ho, ne sɛnea wubenya aduru bi? Virologists ne nnipa a wɔyɛ ɔsom adwuma a ɛsom bo saa. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka onipa ko a ɔyɛ virologist, nea wɔyɛ, ne sɛnea obi betumi abɛyɛ virologist ho asɛm.

Hena ne ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo yɛ obi a osua mmoawa ho ade kɔ akyiri na ɔwɔ ho nimdeɛ pii. Ɛte sɛ detective, nanso wɔn asɛmti ne virus. Ɛnyɛ nnipa nko na saa mmoawa nketenkete a aniwa nhu a wɔfrɛ wɔn mmoawa yi betumi aka wɔn , na mmom mmoa, afifide, ne mmoawa nso . Enti, saa nnipa yi sua sɛnea saa mmoawa yi trɛw ( wɔwo ), sɛnea wɔde ɔyare mmoawa bi (i.e. onipa, aboa), sɛnea wɔtrɛw fi baabi kɔ foforo, anaa sɛnea wosiw nyarewa yi ano na wɔsa.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nkurɔfo yi betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmufo, ebia akyerɛkyerɛfo a wɔkyerɛ ade wɔ sukuupɔn ahorow mu, anaa nnuruyɛfo a wɔsa ayarefo yare. Abodin “nyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo” betumi aka adwuma mu nnwuma ahorow pii ho.

Enti, dɛn ankasa na ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo yɛ?

Kae sɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo nyɛ obi a ɔyɛ adwuma biako pɛ. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Ayaresabea ahorow a wɔyɛ adwuma: Mmoawa ho animdefo binom yɛ adwuma wɔ ayaresabea nhwehwɛmubea ahorow. Wɔsɔ nhwɛsode (mogya, ahurututu, ne nea ɛkeka ho) a wogye fii ayarefo hɔ hwɛ de hu mmoawa ko a ɛwɔ hɔ. Afei wɔkamfo ayaresa kyerɛ.
• Ayarefo a wɔbɛsa wɔn yare na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu sɛ oduruyɛfo: Nnipa binom ne ayarefo di tẽẽ sɛ nnuruyɛfo. Wɔhwehwɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba titiriw na wɔsa . Wɔsan nso sa ɔyare mmoawa a enni sabea (ɛkyɛ) te sɛ HIV anaa Hepatitis.Wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ ayarefo a wɔwɔ hɔ dedaw no so. Ebinom nso yɛ ayaresabea nhwehwɛmu.
• Adwuma a ɔyɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo-nyansahufo: Oyi yɛ obi a bere a ɔsa ayarefo yare sɛ oduruyɛfo no, ɔde bere nso yɛ nhwehwɛmu. Dwuma a ɛho hia paa!
• Nhwehwɛmu Titiriw: Eyi te sɛ nea woreto fapem. Mmoawa ho animdefo binom yɛ adwuma wɔ nhwehwɛmu asoɛe anaa sukuupɔn ahorow mu na wosua sɛnea mmoawa pɔtee bi yɛ wɔn ade, sɛnea wɔwo, sɛnea ɛka nnipa, mmoa, afifide, ne mmoawa, ne sɛnea ɛtrɛw kɔ akyiri. Wɔsan frɛ eyi “benkyi nhwehwɛmu.”
• Nkyerɛase anaa Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔde Di Dwuma: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nea wɔahu wɔ nhwehwɛmu atitiriw mu bedi dwuma de ahwehwɛ ɔhaw pɔtee bi ano aduru . Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru foforo a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban anaa nnuru a wɔde ko tia ɔyare mmoawa a wɔbɛyɛ. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi wɔ nhomasua asoɛe ahorow mu ne ankorankoro ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ nnuru mu nso.
• Adwuma a Wɔyɛ wɔ Ɔmanfo Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde Mu: Mmoawa ho animdefo binom yɛ adwuma ma aban anaa amanaman ntam ɔmanfo akwahosan ahyehyɛde ahorow (te sɛ Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde). Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu, hu ɔyaredɔm foforo bere a ɛrekɔ so no, sua mmoawa a wɔreba ho ade, na wotu fo wɔ sɛnea wobetumi asiw mmoawa a wɔtrɛw ano no ho.

Susuw ɔsom kɛse a saa mmoawa ho animdefo yi ayɛ wɔ coronavirus ɔyaredɔm no mu no ho hwɛ! Wɔabɔ mmɔden kɛse sɛ wobehu mmoawa no, ate sɛnea ɛtrɛw no ase, na wɔayɛ aduru a wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban.

Nea ɛka eyi ho no, hokwan afoforo pii wɔ hɔ ma mmoawa ho animdefo, te sɛ aduruyɛ ho nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ, mmoa a wɔkyerɛw, ne afotu.

Adwuma din afoforo bɛn na mmoawa ho animdefo wɔ?

Ɛnyɛ mmoawa ho abenfo nyinaa na wɔwɔ adwuma din “mmoawa ho ɔbenfo.” Ebia wɔwɔ abodin afoforo nso, te sɛ:

• Lab anaa nhwehwɛmu ho nimdefo
• Lab, nhwehwɛmu anaa adwumayɛfo nyansahufo
• Postdoctoral fellow/nhwehwɛmufo
• Laboratory Director (Lab kwankyerɛfo) .
• Nhwehwɛmufo Panyin (PI) .
• Ɔbenfo
• Dwumadi no kwankyerɛfo
• Nyarewa a Wɔde Kɔ Nnipa Mu Ho Ɔbenfo
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ho ɔbenfo
• Pathologist (oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔhwehwɛ ntini ne nkwammoaa mu de hu nyarewa) .

So ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aduruyɛ sukuu ansa na woabɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo?

Mmoawa ho animdefo dodow no ara wɔ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (MD) anaa oduruyɛfo abodin krataa (PhD). Ebia ebinom wɔ abien no nyinaa. MD yɛ abodin krataa a wonya fi aduruyɛ sukuu mu. PhD yɛ abodin krataa a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛtwe adwene si nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi mu so.

Nanso, bere a nnipa pii kɔ aduruyɛ sukuu no, ɛho nhia sɛ ɛyɛ aduruyɛ sukuu, na egyina nea wopɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ afuw no mu so. PhD ma wunya osuahu a ɛsom bo wɔ nhwehwɛmu ne ɔhaw ahorow ano aduru mu. Aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa ma wunya osuahu wɔ ayarefo a wo ne wɔn yɛ adwuma mu na wode w’adwene si nyarewa a wobehu na wɔasa so. Enti, egyina w’anigye ne w’atirimpɔw ahorow so ankasa.

Enti wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo? Dɛn ne ɔkwan no?

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wusua na woabɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo no gyina nea wopɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ w’adwuma mu so. Beae pa a wubetumi afi ase ne sɛ wubenya bachelor’s degree wɔ adwuma bi a ɛfa nyansahu ho mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ adesua bi te sɛ Biology, Chemistry, anaa Medical Laboratory Science mu. Afei, wubetumi anya abodin krataa a ɛkorɔn a egyina wo botae ahorow so.

Momma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso ahorow bi:

• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wokɔ nhwehwɛmu mu a: Ebia wubehia PhD wɔ virology anaa adwuma bi a ɛfa ho, anaasɛ Master’s degree wɔ nyansahu mu (MS). Nanso, wɔ aduruyɛdan mu dibea ahorow bi mu no, bachelor’s degree dɔɔso. Wɔ ayaresabea nhwehwɛmu mu no, aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (MD) boa, nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛho hia. Wɔ aman bi so no, ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wutwa ɔman no tumi krataa sɔhwɛ mu ansa na woatumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ aduruyɛdan mu.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wodi nhwehwɛmu dan bi anim anaa woyɛ w’ankasa nhwehwɛmu a: Ebia wubehia ``PhD.`` Lab akwankyerɛfo binom betumi anya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa mmom sen sɛ wobenya anaasɛ wɔde bɛka ``PhD.`` ho.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wosa ayarefo yare tẽẽ a: Ɛho behia sɛ wuwie aduruyɛ ho ntetee. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wobɛkɔ aduruyɛ sukuu, awie residency, na afei ɛda adi sɛ woawie fekubɔ wɔ beae titiriw bi, te sɛ yare a wɔde yare mmoawa anaa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa ho nimdeɛ.

Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nnwuma a w’ani gye ho no mu na woahu nhomasua mu ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔhwehwɛ ma wɔn. Saa kwan no so no, wubenya akwankyerɛ a emu da hɔ.

Bere tenten ahe na saa akwantu yi gye?

Sɛ́ ebia wobɛkɔ aduruyɛ sukuu anaasɛ wobɛyɛ ``PhD'' no, wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ wode mfe 10 foforo bɛtete w'adwuma no wɔ A-levels akyi. Bere tenten a ebia ebegye bere a woanya wo abodin krataa a edi kan (mpɛn pii no mfe anan) ni:

• Mfeɛ anum anaa nsia bio ma `(PhD)` nhyehyɛeɛ.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wosa ayarefo yare a, anyɛ yiye koraa no, wuhia mfe ason ntetee wɔ aduruyɛ mu.
• MD-PhD nhyehyɛe a ɛma wonya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa ne oduruyɛfo abodin krataa nyinaa gye bɛyɛ mfe awotwe kosi du.

Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ afɔrebɔ kɛse de, nanso mfaso wɔ so bere a wususuw ɔsom adwuma a wobetumi de ama wɔ saa asɛm yi mu ho no.

Nsɛmti bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wusua ansa na woabɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo?

Sɛ wodae sɛ wobɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ w’ani begye nsɛm yi ho:

• Abɔde a Nkwa Wom Ho Adesua: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne Microbiology, Cell Biology, ne Molecular Biology.
• Chemistry: Eyi ka nneɛma te sɛ Biochemistry ne Organic Chemistry ho.
• Awosu mu nneɛma: Nkwammoaa awosu mu nneɛma ho adesua ho hia yiye.
• Immunology: Nimdeɛ a ɛfa nhyehyɛe a ɛko tia nyarewa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho.
• Nyarewa a Ɛde Nyarewa: Adesua a emu dɔ a ɛfa ɔyare mmoawa ahorow ho.
• Kokoram/Oncology: Mmoawa bi betumi de kokoram aba, enti eyi ho nimdeɛ nso ho hia.

Ɛhe na mmoawa ho animdefo taa yɛ adwuma?

Mmeae bi a mmoawa ho animdefo betumi ayɛ adwuma ni:

• Sukuupɔn ahorow ne adesua mu nhwehwɛmu adwumayɛbea ahorow
• Aban anaa ɔmanfo akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea ahorow (sɛ nhwɛso no, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a ɛwɔ United States, Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde (WHO)) .
• Ayaresabea ahorow
• Suapɔn ne sukuupɔn ahorow (Kɔlege ne sukuupɔn ahorow – ma nkyerɛkyerɛ ne nhwehwɛmu) .
• Ankorankoro aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu adwumayɛbea ahorow
• Nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ nnuru (wɔyɛ nnuru foforo ne nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban) .

So wɔhwehwɛ mmoawa ho animdefo?

Virologists a wɔhwehwɛ no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina asoɛe a wɔyɛ adwuma ma no so (titiriw sɛ ɛyɛ ankorankoro adwumayɛbea anaa nhomasua mu), wo suahu, ne beae a wo ho akokwaw. Nanso, hia a afuw yi ho hia no akɔ soro esiane ɔyaredɔm a aba nnansa yi nti. Enti, yebetumi aka sɛ daakye a ɛyɛ anigye wɔ hɔ ma mmoawa ho animdefo a wɔn ho akokwaw.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ Virologist ne Epidemiologist ntam?

Ɛwom sɛ eyinom abien nyinaa yɛ nnipa a wɔho hia wɔ akwahosan ho de, nanso ɛsono wɔn dwumadi kakra.

• Virologist yɛ obi a osua mmoawa ho ade, ohu sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ, na ɔsa. Wɔde wɔn adwene si mmoawa abɔde a nkwa wom, sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade, ne nea ɛkeka ho so.
• Ɔyaredɔm ho ɔbenfo yɛ obi a osua nea ɛde yare bi ba na asiane kɛse wom sɛ obenya bi.Wɔsan nso si ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so asiw yare no ano na wɔagyae ne trɛw ho gyinae. Ɛnyɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ne mmoawa nkutoo na eyi fa ho, na mmom ɛfa nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, kokoram, anaa akwanhyia nso ho. Nyarewa ho animdefo ntaa nyɛ nnuru anaa nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban, anaasɛ wɔnsa ayarefo yare tẽẽ. Nea wɔyɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ mfonini kɛse no na wɔaboa ma wɔadi nyarewa a ɛtrɛw so.

Fa no sɛ, bere a `COVID-19` ɔyaredɔm no bae no, na mmoawa ho animdefo reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ mmoawa no ne nnuru a wɔde bɛbɔ ho ban, bere a na ɔyaredɔm ho animdefo reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ sɛnea ɛtrɛw, hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse, ne sɛnea wobetumi adi so denam nneɛma te sɛ asetra mu akyirikyiri. Adwuma a wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ no ho hia paa.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Coronavirus ɔyaredɔm no nti, nkurɔfo ani agye virology ho kɛse, ɛnte saa? Bere a yɛn mu dodow no ara abɛyɛ "abasa so nhwehwɛmufo" a yɛyɛ eyi ho nhwehwɛmu fi fie no, nnipa binom asi gyinae sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene besi saa mmoawa nhwehwɛmu yi so ankasa.

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma biako pɛ na mmoawa ho animdefo yɛ. Wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma pii, a nea ɛka ho ne nhwehwɛmu, nkyerɛkyerɛ, nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ne nnuru a wɔde ko tia mmoawa a wɔyɛ, ɔmanfo akwahosan ho adwuma, ɔyare mmoawa a wohu, ne ayarefo a wɔbɛsa wɔn yare. Baabi a wobɛpaw sɛ wode w’adwene besi w’adwuma so no begyina w’ahoɔden ne w’anigyede so.

Afei nso, “ɔkwan biako” biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so abɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo. Nanso wuntumi mfi w’ankasa wo fie ahotɔ mu nyɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ wuhyira wo ho so! Nkwammoaa ho animdefo dodow no ara wɔ PhD anaa MD, nanso ahwehwɛde ahorow no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina beae a wopɛ sɛ woyɛ adwuma titiriw no so.

Ɛmfa ho sɛnea w’ahoɔden te biara no, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ mmoawa nketenkete a aniwa nhu wɔn yi a wubesua no betumi anya wiase no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse!

Enti, sɛ woresusuw ho sɛ wobɛyɛ adwuma wɔ adwuma a ɛsom bo yi mu a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenya nhomasua ne ahofama a wuhia. Hena na onim, ebia wo na wubehu aduru bi a ebegye wiase no nkwa daakye!

` Virologist, Virus, Infection, Nhwehwɛmu, Aduruyɛ Adwumayɛ, Nhomasua, Aduruyɛ, Nyansahufo, Ɔmanfo Akwahosan