Momma yensua ADHD nnuru ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Sɛnea obi a n’ani nhu ade yiye no tumi hu wiase no yiye bere a ɔhyɛ ahwehwɛ no, ɛnte saa? Saa ara na nnuru a wɔde sa ADHD betumi aboa nnipa a wɔwɔ ADHD no ma wɔde wɔn adwene asi wɔn adwene so, asiw wɔn kwan sɛ nneɛma a ɛho nhia antwetwe wɔn adwene, na wɔadi wɔn nneyɛe so. Saa nnuru yi ntumi nsa ADHD koraa, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so na aboa ma wɔayɛ adwuma yiye bere a wɔrenom nnuru no.

Nea edi kan koraa no, dɛn ne ADHD?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) yɛ ntini mu yare a abu so kɛse. Mmofra a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi ayɛ nnam dodo, ada nneyɛe a ɛyɛ ntɛm adi, na ɛbɛyɛ den ama wɔn sɛ wɔbɛtie, adi akwankyerɛ ahorow akyi, na wɔawie nnwuma.

ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne a efi ase wɔ mmofraase no taa kɔ so kosi mpanyin afe so. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ mmofraberem sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu bɛyɛ 90% kɔ so tra hɔ kosi mpanyin afe so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nkurɔfo nhu mpo sɛ wɔwɔ ADHD kosi sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mpanyimfo.

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ ADHD no sɛ wobedi akwankyerɛ ahorow akyi, wɔbɛkae nsɛm, wɔbɛkɔ so de wɔn adwene asi biribi so, na wɔayɛ nnwuma ho nhyehyɛe. Nanso, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛwɔ mpanyimfo mu no bɛyɛ soronko kakra wɔ mmofra yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ abofra yɛ ade boro so a, ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɔpanyin bi ho ntɔ no kɛse.

Dɛn na ɛba ankasa wɔ ADHD nnuru ho?

Ɛsono sɛnea ADHD nnuru yɛ adwuma a egyina nnuru ko a wɔde ma so. Nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ADHD nnuru nyinaa yɛ adwuma denam nnuru a ɛho hia (neurotransmitters) dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ yɛn amemene mu no so. Nnuru yi mu nea ɛho hia sen biara ne dopamine ne norepinephrine.

Bere a saa dodow yi kɔ soro no, ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase di so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ:

• Bere a wubetumi de w’adwene asi ade biako so no kɔ soro.
• Dwumadi a ɛboro so so tew.
• Wɔhyɛ nneyɛe a wɔmpɛ so.
• Tumi a wotumi yɛ nhyehyɛe na wɔhyehyɛ da biara da nnwuma (executive dysfunction) no tu mpɔn.

Enti, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka nnuru, vitamin, ne nnuru a wode ma wo anaa wo ba no nyinaa, ne caffeine dodow a wonom da biara, te sɛ kɔfe, nyinaa akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.Efisɛ nnuru bi a wɔbom no betumi anya nipadua no so nkɛntɛnso bɔne.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛsɔ nnuru ahorow ne dodow ahorow ahwɛ kosi sɛ obenya nnuru ne dodow a ɛfata ama wo anaa wo ba. Saa bere no mu no, wɔbɛhwɛ wo na wɔayɛ nsakrae wɔ dodow a wode ma no mu na ama wɔahu sɛnea aduru no so mfaso ne nea efi mu ba no bɛkari pɛ yiye. Sɛ wonya nya nnuru ne dodow a ɛfata a, nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ ADHD no tumi di wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so yiye.

Dɛn ne nnuru a wɔde sa ADHD?

Wɔde nnuru a ɛkanyan adwene ne nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛkanyan adwene titiriw na ɛsa ADHD. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi akyerɛw nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw nso ama obi.

Nneɛma a ɛkanyan adwene

Eyinom ne nnuru a wɔtaa kyerɛw ma ADHD. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔtoo din "nneɛma a ɛkanyan obi" no, eyinom mma wonte nka sɛ w'ani da hɔ kɛse ankasa. Wɔma dopamine ne norepinephrine dodow a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu no kɔ soro ankasa. Saa nnuru yi ho hia ma w’adwene, sɛnea wutumi susuw nneɛma ho, ne nea ɛkanyan wo. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD no mu bɛyɛ 80% nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so tew bere a wɔanya nnuru a ɛfata a ɛkanyan adwene ne dodow a ɛfata no.

Wobu nnuru yi sɛ nneɛma a wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ da. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ tumi a wɔde bɛyɛ wɔn ayayade anaasɛ wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu. Nanso, sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ oduruyɛfo hwɛ ase a, ahobammɔ wom yiye. Ansa na wobɛkyerɛw aduru no, wo duruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ EKG nso de ahwɛ sɛ ebia koma no mu ɔhaw biara a wonhu.

Nnuru ahorow abien na ɛkanyan obi:

• Immediate-release / short-acting: Wɔtaa fa eyinom sɛnea ɛho hia. Wɔtra hɔ bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 4. Sɛ nnuru a ɛte sɛɛ nkɛntɛnso no sa a, nnipa binom nya "crash" anaa "rebound effect." Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn ahoɔden so tew mpofirim, ɔkɔm de wɔn kɛse, na nnipa binom adwene kɔ fam mpofirim.
• Extended-release / long-acting: Wɔtaa nom eyinom pɛnkoro da biara anɔpa. Ebinom yɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew 6-8, bere a afoforo tumi di nnɔnhwerew 16. Saa nnuru yi brɛ ahoɔden ne adwene a ɛkɔ soro ne nea ɛba fam da mũ no nyinaa ase. Eyi nso brɛ hia a ehia sɛ wɔnom nnuru foforo wɔ sukuu anaa adwumam no ase.

Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nea ɛkanyan obi

Eyinom nso yɛ nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma nkurɔfo, nanso ɛnyɛ nneɛma a wɔahyɛ so te sɛ nnuru a ɛkanyan obi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛka ne ho anaasɛ ɔbɛyɛ no ayayade no sua. Wɔyɛ adwuma titiriw denam norepinephrine dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ amemene no mu no so.

Saa nnuru yi gye bere tenten kakra ansa na afi ase ayɛ adwuma sen nnuru a ɛkanyan obi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ so nom aduru no anyɛ yiye koraa no adapɛn 3-4 na ama woate nea efi mu ba no nyinaa nka.Nanso eyinom nso betumi adi w’adwene, nhyehyɛe a wode bɛyɛ adwuma, ne w’apɛde so. Wobetumi ayɛ nnam nnɔnhwerew 24.

Nneɛma pii nti na oduruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw nnuru a ɛte sɛɛ ama obi:

• Sɛ nnuru a ɛkanyan obi ntumi nyɛ adwuma a.
• Sɛ worehyia nsunsuanso bɔne a wuntumi nnyina ano a efi nnuru a ɛkanyan adwene mu ba a.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ kɛse a, fa ka nnuru a ɛkanyan obi ho.

Nnuru a wɔde kum adwenemhaw

Eyinom nyɛ nnuru a wɔapene so pɔtee sɛ wɔmfa nsa ADHD. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw wɔn nkutoo anaa wɔde ka nnuru a ɛkanyan ADHD ho. Nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw ma ADHD nso ka dopamine ne norepinephrine dodow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu.

So ADHD nnuru wɔ nsunsuanso bɔne?

Yiw, akyinnye biara nni ho. Nsunsuanso bɔne betumi aba bere a wudi kan fi ase nom aduru no. Nanso eyinom taa yɛ bere tiaa mu de na ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm dodo. Wɔbɛkɔ wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi akyi bere a wo nipadua no reyɛ nsakrae wɔ aduru no ho no. Nanso ɛntaa mma sɛ wobetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den anaasɛ ɛbɛkɔ so atra hɔ.

Nneɛma bɔne a wɔtaa hu ne:

• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a wɔhwere: Eyi ka nnipa bɛyɛ 80% a wɔnom nnuru a ɛkanyan adwene no.
• Mu duru a ɛso tew: Wubetumi adi eyi so denam aduru no a wobɛnom bere a woadi awie anaasɛ wode nneɛma te sɛ protein shakes bɛka w’aduan ho no so.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛda: Eyi betumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛda na woanyane mpɛn pii. Sɛ wosakra bere a wonom nnuru no da no a, ebetumi aboa ma eyi so atew kɛse.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba:

• Rebound effect: Bere tiaa mu ɔbrɛ, abufuw a ɛkɔ soro, anaasɛ adwene a ɛsakra bere a aduru no resa no.
• Dadwen: Dadwen a efi ase foforo anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse.
• Tics: Nkankyee anaa nnyigyei a ɛba mpofirim, mpɛn pii (e.g., aniwa a ɛbɔ, menewa a ɛho tew). ADHD nnuru mma tics, nanso ebia ɛbɛda adi kɛse sen sɛ wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma.
• Yafunu mu yare: nneɛma te sɛ akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Nsakrae a ɛba mogya mmoroso ne koma a ɛbɔ mu: Nnuru bi betumi ama mogya mmoroso akɔ soro kakra. Ebia koma no bɔ nso bɛkɔ soro kakra. Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ asiane, nanso sɛ wo anaa wo ba anya komayare , akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

Sɛ saa nsunsuanso bɔne yi ankɔ wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi akyi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo betumi adi ho dwuma denam wo nnuru dodow anaa bere a wobɛsesa, wobɛsakra wo akɔ aduru a ɛyɛ adwuma kyɛ so, anaa aduru foforo a ɔbɛsɔ ahwɛ so.

So wobetumi adi ADHD so a wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma?

ADHD ayaresa a edi kan ne nnuru.Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ mmofra bɛyɛ 80% di yiye wɔ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma mu. Nanso ebia wusuro nneɛma bɔne a nnuru de ba, anaasɛ wobɛpɛ sɛ woannom nnuru esiane biribi foforo nti.

Wɔ nnipa pii fam no , suban ho ayaresa yɛ ɔkwan pa a wobetumi afa so. Suban ho ayaresa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nneyɛe pa na wɔhyɛ mu den na wɔtew nneyɛe a wɔmpɛ, a enye so.

• Wɔ mmofra a wonnii mfe 6 fam: Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ awofo nnya ntetee wɔ nneyɛe ho nhyehyɛe ho. Ɛdenam eyi so no, awofo betumi asua akwan ne akwan horow a wɔbɛfa so aboa wɔn ba.
• Bere a wadi mfe 6 akyi: Wɔkamfo suban ho ayaresa a wɔde ka nnuru ho kyerɛ. Abofra no sukuu nso yɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe yi fã titiriw.

Bere tenten ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ menom saa aduru yi?

ADHD yɛ nkwa nna nyinaa mu tebea a enni ano aduru. Enti, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru na ama woatumi asiw wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano. Sɛ wunya aduru bi a ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo na ɛhwɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so a, ebia mfaso bɛba so sɛ wobɛnom wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Wo duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a wo ne no bɛkasa afa eyi ho.