Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wo ne afoforo bɛbɔ? Anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ nneɛma koro na woyɛ daa adeyɛ koro no ara? Efi wo mmofraase no, so afoforo abu wo sɛ "woyɛ soronko kakra" anaasɛ "ɛyɛ den"? Ebia w’ankasa wo ne saa nneɛma yi repere. Nanso so woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ nea ɛde eyi nyinaa ba no betumi ayɛ biribi a wunsusuw ho da, a ɛne Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Dɛn ankasa ne autism?
Nea edi kan no, momma yɛnte eyi ase. Autism nyɛ yare anaa adwene mu dɛmdi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ ɔkwan foforo a yɛn amemene mu ntini ahorow no fa so nyin. Ɛte sɛ nea nnipa binom tenten, ebinom yɛ tiaa, ebinom de wɔn nsa nifa kyerɛw, ebinom de wɔn benkum kyerɛw. Wɔfrɛ no "spectrum" efisɛ ɔkwan a saa tebea yi fa so ka onipa biara no yɛ soronko koraa. Bere a ebia nnipa binom benya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den koraa no, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama afoforo sɛ wɔbɛyɛ da biara da nnwuma.
Autism ka mmeae abien titiriw:
1. Ayɔnkofa ne nkitahodi: Asɛnnennen betumi asɔre wɔ nneɛma te sɛ afoforo nkate a wɔbɛte ase, wɔn anim yɛbea, ntease a ɛwɔ nsɛmfua akyi, aniwa a wɔde bɛhwɛ wɔn ho, ne nnamfofa a wobefi ase na wɔakura mu no mu.
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Enti dɛn nti na mankyere eyi bere a na meyɛ abofra no?
Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a ntease wom yiye. Mprempren, nnuruyɛfo hwɛ eyi so bere a wɔreyɛ mmofra nkumaa a wɔadi bɛyɛ asram 18 anaa 24 aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu no. Enti, mprempren wɔtaa hu sɛ obi anya autism wɔ mfe 2-4 ntam.
Nanso na tebea no yɛ soronko koraa mfe 20-30 a atwam ni.
- Nhumu a Wonnya: Saa bere no, na nnipa kakraa bi na wonnim autism ho asɛm. Ne saa nti, wɔde mfomso frɛɛ abofra asetra mu nsɛnnennen sɛ “fɛre,” monotony sɛ “atirimɔdensɛm,” na adesua mu dɛmdi sɛ “nkwaseasɛm.”
- Nhwehwɛmu a ɛnteɛ: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde autism ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow frafra adwenemyare afoforo te sɛ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) anaa Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- Masking : Obi, titiriw obi a ɔwɔ nyansa pa ne adesua ho nimdeɛ pa, betumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔde wɔn asetra mu fɛre besie na wasuasua afoforo ma wɔayɛ wɔn ade "sɛnea ɛte daa." Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ `masking.' Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛmfa ho adwennwen dodow a wɔrehyia wɔ wɔn mu no, ɛnda adi wɔ akyi.
Sɛ na woyɛ komm paa, na wode wo ho to wo ho so, anaasɛ wode w’adwene si nhoma nkutoo so bere a na woyɛ abofra a, ebia na mpanyimfo ayera wo komam nsɛnnennen no.
Ntease a enti ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ autism bere a woayɛ ɔpanyin no
Mpɛn pii no, ɔpanyin bi fi ase hwehwɛ eyi mu denam asɛm bi a esii so. Ebia sɛ wohu sɛ w'ankasa wo ba anya autism a, ebia wobɛka wɔ wo tirim bere a wokenkan saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no sɛ, "Oh, ɛno ne me." Anaasɛ sɛ wokɔ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ ɔhaw foforo ho a, ebia obehu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi.
Hwɛ pon a ɛwɔ ase hɔ no. So wo nso wote saa nneɛma yi nka?
| So wote nka saa? (Wo suahu) . | Sɛnea autism ka no (ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛde ba) . |
|---|---|
| Asetra mu nsɛm te sɛ ɔfese apontow ne ayeforohyia yɛ ɔbrɛ kɛse. Wobɛbrɛ nna pii wɔ wo sanba akyi. | Egye amemene mu ahoɔden pii na ama yɛate afoforo nsaanodwuma, kasa nhyehyɛe, na wɔasusuw nea wɔbɛka ho. Eyi yɛ adwene mu ɔbrɛ kɛse. |
| M’ani gye ho sɛ mɛfa ɔkwan koro no ara so akɔ adwuma, didi wɔ sotɔɔ koro mu, na mayɛ me da no ho nhyehyɛe saa ara. Sɛ nsakrae bi ba mpofirim a, mete dadwen ne adwennwen kɛse nka. | Nneɛma a wɔyɛ daa ma wonya ahobammɔ ne ahotɔ ho adwene. Nsakrae a wɔnhwɛ kwan betumi ama wiase no ate nka sɛ wontumi nni so. |
| Ɛmfa ho sɛnea wobɛka asɛm bi ho asɛm (e.g. abakɔsɛm, kɔmputa so dwumadi, nnwom adwinnade) no, w’ani da so ara wɔ ho ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia afoforo besusuw sɛ ɛyɛ "mfonoe." | Wɔfrɛ eyinom "Anigyede Titiriw." Nnipa a wɔwɔ autism wɔ tumi a wɔde wɔn adwene si asɛm pɔtee bi so kɛse. |
| Akanea a ɛhyerɛn, nnwom a ano yɛ den, ne nnipa a wɔrekasa wɔ aguadidan akɛse mu no te sɛ tiyɛ. Mintumi nnyina nkate a ɛne sɛ nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ ntade bi so no repetepete me nipadua so no ano. | Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ nkate mu adesoa a ɛboro so. Sɛ amemene no ntumi nni nkate ahorow (nea wohu, nnyigyei, nka) a ɛba mu no ho dwuma yiye a, adwene no yɛ basaa. |
Okay, afei wobɛyɛ dɛn anya diagnosis?
Autism a wobɛhunu wɔ ɔpanin mu no yɛ den kakra sene sɛ wobɛhunu abofra kumaa, ɛfiri sɛ woasua akwan ahodoɔ a wobɛfa so ne wo nsɛnnennen no atra ase dedaw na wode asie.
Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ
1. Hwɛ oduruyɛfo: Ade a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo (GP) bɛkasa. Obetumi de wo akɔma adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ saa beae yi.
2. Intanɛt so ankasa nhwehwɛmu sɔhwɛ: Autism ankasa nhwehwɛmu nsɛmmisa wɔ intanɛt so a wɔayɛ ama mpanyimfo titiriw. W’ankasa wubetumi asɔ eyinom ahwɛ. Nanso kae sɛ, eyinom nkutoo ntumi nyɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nokware 100% a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ wowɔ autism anaa. Nanso, wɔyɛ mfiase pa. Nea ebefi nsɛmmisa kratasin yi mu aba no betumi aboa wo ma wo ne wo duruyɛfo akasa.
3. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu yare no: Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hwehwɛ wo mu a, .
- Wɔhwɛ wo nneyɛe ne ɔkwan a wofa so kasa.
- Wobisa nsɛm pii fa wo mprempren asetra, w’adwuma, ne wo abusuabɔ ho.
- Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne wo mmofraberem. Wobisa nneɛma te sɛ sɛnea na wote bere a woyɛ abofra, bere a wufii ase kasae, sɛnea wodii agoru, ne sɛ ebia na wowɔ nnamfo ho asɛm.
- Sɛ wowɔ awofo, anuanom, anaa obiara a na onim wo fi wo mmofraase a, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛpɛ sɛ ɔne wɔn nso kasa, efisɛ ebia wɔbɛkae nneɛma a wunnim.
Ebia akwantu yi renyɛ tẽẽ, nanso ɛbɛyɛ ahotɔ kɛse sɛ yebehu nokware no.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Autism nyɛ biribi a ɛka mmofra kɛkɛ. Wobetumi ahu nso sɛ wanyin. Sɛ wote nka saa a, ɛnyɛ wo nko ara.
- Wo asetra mu fɛre, monotony, ne nkate mu nsɛm nyɛ wo "mfomso." Ebetumi ayɛ ɔkwan foforo a w’amemene no fa so yɛ adwuma.
- Ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ na ama woahu yare no ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa . Mfa wo ho nto Intanɛt so sɔhwɛ ahorow nkutoo so.
- Autism diagnosis nyɛ "label" a wɔbɔ wo. Ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛbɛma woate wo ho ase, ahu w’ahoɔden, na woasua sɛnea wobɛtra ase wɔ wo nsɛnnennen ho.
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