So wo koma wɔ ntini abien wɔ aortic valve no mu? (Bicuspid Aortic Valve) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wote nka sɛ woabrɛ anaa woabrɛ? Anaasɛ woanya oduruyɛfo bi de stethoscope ahyɛ wo moma so pɛn na waka biribi te sɛ, "Mmm... Mete nnyigyei (nwiinwii) kakra a ɛyɛ nwonwa fi wo koma mu reba"? Nea ɛde eyi ba betumi ayɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi a ɛba wo koma mu a wɔde woo wo. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛreka tebea bi a ɛtaa ba a wɔfrɛ no Bicuspid Aortic Valve ho asɛm.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Bicuspid Aortic Valve yi?

Okay, momma yɛnte eyi ase saa kwan yi so. Valve atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ yɛn koma mu. Eyinom te sɛ apon a ebue kɔ baabi biako pɛ. Eyinom mu no, nea ɛde mogya kɔ aorta, mogya ntini titiriw a ɛde mogya a oxygen pii wom fi koma no mu kɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu no, wɔfrɛ no aortic valve. Mpɛn pii no, wɔ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu no, saa aortic valve yi wɔ anim nketewa abiɛsa (cusps anaa leaflets). Saa nsensanee abiɛsa yi bue na ɛto mu wɔ nhyehyɛe pa mu na ama wɔatumi asiw mogya a ɛsen no so. Nanso wɔ obi a ɔwɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no bicuspid aortic valve mu no, saa valve yi wɔ anim abien sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ abiɛsa . Eyi yɛ tebea a wonya fi awo mu. Enti, esiane sɛ flap abien pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ nti, ebetumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ saa valve yi bebue na ato mu yiye. Eyi betumi de ɔhaw atitiriw abien aba: 1. Aortic Stenosis (valve no a ɛyɛ teateaa): Esiane sɛ valve no mmue yiye nti, baabi ketewaa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ a koma no betumi de mogya akɔ nipadua no mu. Eyi ma koma no yɛ adwumaden. 2. Aortic Regurgitation (mogya a ɛsan kɔ): Esiane sɛ valve no ntumi nto mu yiye nti, mogya a wɔde kɔ nipadua no mu no bi san kɔ koma no mu. Ebia worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mfe pii. Nanso bere kɔ so no, saa nhyɛso a ɛboro so yi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba wo koma so.

Tebea yi yɛ aniberesɛm dɛn?

Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ Bicuspid Aortic Valve na obenya ɔhaw akɛse. Nanso bɛyɛ nnipa baasa biara mu biako benya nsɛnnennen bere a bere kɔ so no. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔhwɛ wo daa na wokɔhwɛ wo sɛ wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi sɛnea ebia wususuw no. Ɛka wiase nnipa dodow 1% kosi 2%. Ɛsan nso abu so wɔ mmarima mu sen mmea mu mmɔho abien. Nnipa a wɔwɔ awosu mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Turner syndrome nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu. Nea eye sen biara ne sɛ ɛnam nnɛyi nnuruyɛ mu mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ anim so no, wubetumi ahu tebea yi ne ne nsakrae a ɛyɛ anifere ansa na woahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mpo. Na sɛ wosa wo yare yiye a, wubetumi atra ase a edi mũ, apɔwmuden, na akyɛ.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nnipa pii nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mfe pii. Nanso, bere a valve no dwumadi sɛe no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow fi ase da adi. Wɔ mmofra nkumaa ne nkokoaa mu no, sɛ tebea no mu yɛ den a, sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ honam ani kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu/a ɛyɛ bruu (` cyanosis` ) ne adidi a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ emu duru betumi ada adi wɔ awo akyi bere tiaa bi. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔtaa hu wɔ mpanyimfo mu ne:

Dɛn na ɛde eyi ba? So ɛyɛ awosu mu?

Wonnya nhuu nea ɛde saa `Aortic valve` yi ba ankasa. Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛba bere a akokoaa no koma nyin wɔ nyinsɛn no mfiase no. Saa tebea yi betumi akɔ so wɔ mmusua mu akodu baabi (agyapade) . Ɛne sɛ, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua a ɛbɛn wo mu (ɛna, agya, onua, abofra) wɔ saa tebea yi a, ebia wo nso wobɛkɔ asiane bi mu. Enti, sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ komayare a ɛte sɛɛ a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ woka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Afei, sɛ ɔpɛ a, wobetumi asɔ wo nso ahwɛ.

Sɛ wɔansa a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛ wɔansa no bere ano a, nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den betumi aba.

• Koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye: Valve no a ɛyɛ teateaa (stenosis) ma koma no yɛ adwumaden. Eyi betumi ama koma ntini no ayɛ den na ayɛ kɛse, na awiei koraa no, entumi mfa mogya nkɔ yiye. Nneɛma te sɛ sigaretnom ne srade a ɛdɔɔso betumi ama saa adeyɛ yi ayɛ ntɛmntɛm.
• Aortic aneurysm rupture and dissection: Nnipa baasa biara mu biako a wɔwɔ bicuspid aortic valve no wɔ asiane mu sɛ aorta, ntini kɛse a ɛwɔ valve no atifi no bɛtrɛw. Te sɛ balloon a wɔde mframa boro so no, mogya ntini yi afasu yɛ mmerɛw na efi ase tutu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ aortic aneurysm. Sɛ ɛyɛ kɛse dodo a, ebetumi apae mpofirim (apaapae) anaasɛ atetew (atwitwa). Eyi yɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu a egye ayaresa ntɛm ara .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare yi?

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo bedi kan asusuw sɛ koma nwiinwii bere a wɔte nnyigyei bi a ɛyɛ soronko (`koma mu nwiinwii`) bere a wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm retie wo moma so no. Ɛno akyi no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw pii mfa nhwɛ sɛnea wo koma no yɛ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma. Sɔhwɛ atitiriw no ne:

• Echocardiogram (echo): Eyi yɛ koma no mu mfonini a wɔde ultrasound yɛ. Etumi hu nkrataa dodow a ɛwɔ valve no mu, sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma, ne sɛ ebia nsu bi retu anaasɛ ɛyɛ teateaa no pefee.
• CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): Eyi tumi yɛ koma ne aorta ho mfonini a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa.
• Koma MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Wɔde sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma de nya koma no ne ntini ahorow no ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wobetumi apaw?

Bere a nnuru bi te sɛ beta-blockers betumi aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no, entumi nsa valve ho haw no koraa. Nnipa 5 biara mu bɛyɛ 4 a wɔwɔ Bicuspid Aortic Valve no behia oprehyɛn wɔ wɔn asetra mu bere bi. Oprehyɛn betumi asiesie wo valve no anaasɛ wɔde foforo asi ananmu . W’aduruyɛfo kuw no ne wo besusuw ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo ho, a egyina wo tebea, mfe a woadi, ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so.

Oprehyɛn ahorow a wɔyɛ

Mprempren, sɛ́ anka wɔbɛyɛ koma a wɔabue mu oprehyɛn a wɔtaa yɛ no, nnɛyi akwan horow te sɛ oprehyɛn a wɔmfa biribiara nhyɛ mu ne TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), a ɛnam mogya ntini so si valve no ananmu wɔ hɔ. Saa akwan yi wɔ bere tiaa a ɛma obi ho tɔ no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ahotɔ ne daakye te?

Nnipa a wɔyɛ wɔn valve oprehyɛn no mu 98% ho tɔ wɔn yiye, na wɔn nkwa nna nso nka wɔn. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wowɔ Bicuspid Aortic Valve tebea mpo a, sɛ wowɔ ayaresa a ɛfata ne nnuruyɛfo hwɛ a , wubetumi atra ase akyɛ na apɔwmuden te sɛ obiara. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ bere a wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo daa no. Sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn wie a, mpɛn pii no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔhwɛ wo pɛnkoro afe biara.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara? (Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ETU)

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu ntini a ɛpaapae no yɛ nea asiane wom kɛse. Sɛ wohu saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu baako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, frɛ 911 ntɛm ara ma wɔmfa ambulance anaa kɔ ayaresabea Emergency Department (ETU) a ɛbɛn wo.

• Ɛyaw a ɛba mpofirim, ɛyɛ nnam, na ɛtetew wɔ koko anaa akyi.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nnam na fifiri ayɛ no ma.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa.
• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Koma a ɛbɔ denneennen.
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse.

Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Koma Valve Yare, Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, Koma Oprehyɛn, Koma mu Ɛyaw, Ɔhome a Ɛyɛ Tiaa