So wotaa nya ɔfe a nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ ahyɛ mu ma? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia wubesusuw sɛ ɛyɛ atiridiinini ara kwa, nanso sɛ ɛkɔ so a, ebetumi ayɛ ahurututu mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no bronchiectasis ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ebia edin yi bɛyɛ te sɛ asɛm kɛse, nanso sɛ wunim na wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi a, wubetumi adi ho dwuma yiye. Momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den nka biribiara ho asɛm.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Bronchiectasis?
Susuw ho sɛ eyi: yɛwɔ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ nhama nketenkete a ɛde mframa kɔ yɛn ahurututu mu. Yɛfrɛ saa mframa kwan yi anaasɛ ahurututu mu ntini. Bronchiectasis yɛ tebea a ɛma mframa kwan yi sɛe na ɛtrɛw daa, te sɛ balloon.
Sɛ saa ɔsɛe yi ba a, saa nsukorade yi ntumi nyi nsu a ɛwɔ mu no mfi hɔ yiye. Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden ahurututu kyere mmoawa ne mfutuma nketenkete wɔ nsu mu na ɔfe. Nanso wɔ obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare mu no, nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ boaboa ano wɔ mframa kwan a asɛe no mu. Mmoawa fi ase nyin wɔ saa nsu a aboaboa ano yi mu. Eyi ma wonya nyarewa mpɛn pii na ɛsɛe ahurututu no bio. Enti, nipadua no kɔ so fefe bere a ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ebeyi saa nsu a aboaboa ano yi afi hɔ no.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda ahurututu mu yare ne ahurututu mu yare ntam?
Nnipa pii ma edin abien yi frafra efisɛ wɔn nnyigyei di nsɛ kakra. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no nso di nsɛ kakra, na nsu ne ɔfe wɔ abien no nyinaa mu. Nanso nsonsonoe kɛse da abien no ntam.
| Su a ɛwɔ hɔ | Ahurututu mu yare | Ahurututu mu yare |
|---|---|---|
| Sɛnea nneɛma a wɔsɛe no te | Mframa kwan no sɛe daa na ɛtrɛw. | Eyi yɛ bere tiaa mu ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba ɔhome akwaa no mu. Ɛnsɛe ade daa. |
| Berɛ | Eyi yɛ tebea a enni sabea . | Tebea a ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi (a emu yɛ den) a ɛtaa gyae wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu. |
Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mma obiara wɔ ɔkwan koro so. Ebia nnipa binom nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den koraa, bere a afoforo nso betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den. Afei nso, ebia mmere bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma obi gyae, na ɛno akyi no, bere bi a "ɛyɛ kɛse" anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba | |
|---|---|
| Ɔfe a ɛtaa ba a nsu a ɛyɛ nwini wom | Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsu a ɛte sɛ akisikuru kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono betumi aba. |
| Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (Dyspnea) . | Ɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, titiriw bere a woabrɛ no. |
| Atiridii anaa ahurututu mu yare a ɛtaa ba | Koko mu akisikuru ba ntɛmntɛm sen afoforo. |
| Wheezing (whistling) bere a worehome no | Wɔte nnyigyei bi fi menewa anaa koko mu bere a wɔretwe ahome no. |
| Mogya a wɔfe (Hemoptysis) . | Ebia mogya kakra bɛba anaasɛ ebia pii apue a ɛne nsuo a ɛwɔ mu no bɛpue. |
| Nail clubbing (nsateaa ano a ɛho ahonhon ne nnadewa a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa) . | Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi aba esiane oxygen dodow a ɛba fam bere tenten nti. |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛba bere a yare no mu yɛ den (ɛyɛ kɛse) . | |
| Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so (Ɔbrɛ) . | Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wɔte nka. |
| Atiridii ne awɔw | Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ nipadua no mu. |
| Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den a ɛkɔ soro | Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den ma wo sen sɛnea ɔtaa yɛ. |
| Anadwo fifiri a ɛba | Nsɛnkyerɛnne foforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa. |
Dɛn nti na tebea yi ba?
Bronchiectasis ba wɔ "kyinhyia bɔne mu." Efi ase wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye so. Ɛwɔ ‘anammɔn’ abien.
1. Ahohorabɔ a Edi Kan: Nea edi kan no, yare bi, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa biribi foforo a ɛde ba sɛe mframa kwan a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no.
2. Akwantuo a Ɛyɛ Bɔne: Saa ɔsɛeɛ yi ma nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini no boaboa ano mmom sen sɛ wɔbɛprapra mu yie. Mmoawa nyin wɔ nsu a aboaboa ano no mu. Saa mmoawa yi de nyarewa foforo ba, ɛma ahurututu no afasu yɛ mmerɛw kɛse, na wɔsɛe ade bio. Saa kyinhyia yi kɔ so.
Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔ ayarefo bɛyɛ 40% mu no, wontumi nhu nea ɛde ɔsɛe a edi kan yi bae ankasa.
Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba
- Cystic Fibrosis: Eyi yɛ awosu mu yare a ɛka ahurututu no esiane nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu nti.
- Ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den: Nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahurututu mu yare, ɔfe, anaa nsamanwaw (TB) wɔ mmofraase betumi asɛe ahurututu no daa.
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw: Nyarewa te sɛ HIV anaa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa afoforo (te sɛ hypogammaglobulinemia) betumi ama obi anya ɔyare mmoawa mpɛn pii na asɛe ahurututu no.
- Nyarewa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa a Ɛko Tia Nyarewa:Wɔ nyarewa te sɛ Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) anaa Lupus (SLE) mu no, nipadua no ankasa nkwammoaa tumi tow hyɛ ahurututu no so na ɛsɛe.
- Mframa kwan a ɛsiw: Sɛ akisikuru, ananafo nipadua, anaa ntini a ahonhon siw mframa kwan bi ano a, nsu betumi aboaboa ano wɔ saa beae no na ama ahurututu mu yare.
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA): Eyi yɛ akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew wɔ ntontom bi ho.
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Eyi nso yɛ awosu mu tebea. Nsõ dɔɔso efisɛ ‘nwi nketewa’ (cilia) a ɛma nsu fi aniwa no mu, a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nyɛ adwuma yiye.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu yare yi?
Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obetie wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm a atwam no yiye. Afei ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm betie wo moma so na wakamfo nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi bio akyerɛ wo.
- Chest CT scan: Eyi ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wɔfa so hu ahurututu mu yare. Etumi hu pefee sɛ mframa kwan a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no atrɛw na afasu no ayɛ den anaa. Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi adi kan ayɛ X-ray de, nanso CT scan nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so si so dua sɛ wɔahu yare no.
- Sputum Culture: Wɔfa wo sputum no bi na wɔsɔ mmoawa ko a enyin wɔ mu hwɛ sɛ ebia nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ho hia anaa.
- Ahurututu mu Dwumadi Ho Nsɔhwɛ: Wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ home na fi adi nkɔ afiri bi mu mfa nsusuw sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye no ho.
- Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu boa ma wohu sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ nipadua no mu anaasɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu.
- Bronchoscopy: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo hwɛ wo mframa kwan no mu. Eyi de afiri ketewaa bi a mfoninitwa afiri (bronchoscope) wom di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ ebia biribi akɔhyɛ mu ne sɛnea nsu no te.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?
Ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a wontumi nsa koraa , efisɛ wontumi nsakra ahurututu no asɛe no. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa a ɛfata na wɔsakra wɔn asetra kwan a, nnipa pii betumi adi wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma na wɔabɔ wɔn bra sɛnea ɛsɛ.
Botae atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ ayaresa mu:
1. Nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ ahurututu mu a woyi fi hɔ.
2. Nyarewa a wɔde siw ano ne nea wɔde siw ano.
3. Ahurututu mu ɔfe a ɛtew so.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa yare | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Mframa kwan a Wɔfa so Fi Mframa Mu | |
| Ahomegye apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne nipadua mu ayaresa | Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho ɔyaresafo bɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛfefe ne sɛnea wobɛhome a ɛbɛboa wo ma woayi nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw afi hɔ. Ebia nea ɛka eyi ho ne akwan horow te sɛ nea wɔbɔ wɔ koko mu. |
| Aduruyɛ ho nnwinnade | Wobetumi de mfiri nketewa te sɛ oscillating PEP devices anaasɛ percussive vests a wɔhyɛ wɔ koko so adi dwuma de aboa ma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no ayɛ mmerɛw na wɔayi afi hɔ. |
| Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma | |
| Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa | Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa ba a, wɔde nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa, srade, anaa sɛ emu yɛ den a, wɔde nnuru a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV) sa wɔn yare. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi de ama wɔ dodow a ɛba fam mu bere tenten de asiw nyarewa ano. |
| Nnuru a ɛma mogya tu | Eyinom boa ma nsu a ɛyɛ den no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛfefe. Nnuru bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔnom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hyew so denam nebulizer so. |
| Nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa | Nnuru te sɛ macrolides boa ma mframa kwan no mu ahonhon so tew bere a ɛhyɛ ɔyare mmoawa so no. |
Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no
Sɛ wofefe bere nyinaa a nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ wom anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare dedaw a, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara:
- Sɛ wowɔ ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini ne atiridiinini a.
- Sɛ ɔhome mu yɛ den sen sɛnea ɛtaa ba a.
- Sɛ woabrɛ sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ a.
- Sɛ nsuo dodoɔ a wofe no boro so a, nsuo no kɔla asesa (ahabammono/kɔkɔɔ), anaasɛ mogya wɔ nsuo no mu.
- Sɛ w’ani nnye aduan ho na wo mu duru so tew a.
Nanso wɔ tebea a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ntɛm ara:
- se woretu mogya pii a.
- se wo koko mu yaw a.
- se eye den paa se wobehome.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Bronchiectasis yɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a mframa kwan a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no sɛe koraa na ɛtrɛw.
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa a ɛma nsu pii ba.
- Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsa koraa de, nanso wubetumi adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so, asiw ɔyare mmoawa ano, na woabɔ bra pa.
- Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode nnuru a oduruyɛfo no akyerɛw ama wo no bedi dwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ na woayɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛma nsu fi nipadua no mu no da biara da.
- Kwati sigaretnom koraa. Kwati sɛ wobɛhome wusiw ne mframa a ɛsɛe ahurututu no.
- Bɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho denam nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a ɛho hia (e.g. Flu, Pneumococcal) a wobɛma wɔ bere ano no so.
- Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den anaasɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ da adi a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.
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