Ne nyinaa fa akisikuru ho: nea ɛde ba, nea ɛkyerɛ ne ayaresa (Allergies) .

So wo nso wotaa fefe ? Hwene a ɛretu? Anaasɛ w’ani ayɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ wo yaw? Ɛtɔ da bi a, eyinom nyɛ atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wobetumi ayɛ obi a ne ho yɛ no yaw nso ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nnipa pii wɔ yɛn man yi mu wɔ tebea horow a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew yi ho. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea saa akisikuru yi yɛ, nea enti a ɛba, ne nea wobetumi ayɛ wɔ ho.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne saa akisikuru yi?

Fa wo nipadua sɛ ɔman a wɔabɔ ho ban yiye. Saa ɔman no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ne asraafo. Asraafo yi asɛyɛde titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛko atia atamfo a wɔn ho yɛ hu, te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔhyɛn nipadua no mu na wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho.

Nanso, nnipa binom nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw dodo kakra. Wɔn "asraafo" no di mfomso kyerɛ nneɛma a asiane biara nni ho, a ɛyɛ mpapahwekwa mpo sɛ ɔtamfo kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ nhwiren, mfutuma, mpataa ti nhwi, ne nnuan bi mu nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ. Saa sɛnea nipadua no yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma a ɛte saa a asiane nnim ho a wɔmpɛ yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no akisikuru . Yɛfrɛ ade a ɛde saa adeyɛ yi ba nipadua no mu no sɛ ade a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw .

Sɛ nipadua no susuw sɛ saa akisikuru yi yɛ ɔtamfo a, ɛyɛ protein bi a wɔfrɛ no antibody de ko tia. Afei, sɛ wosan nya saa aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no a, nipadua no yi nnuru te sɛ histamine . Saa nnuru no na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ akisikuru, aniwa ne hwene a ɛyɛ wo yaw, honam ani akisikuru, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den ba .

Dɛn ne nneɛma ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew?

Nneɛma a enni ano wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru, nanso nneɛma ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw no bi ni.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew ne sɛnea ɛhyɛn nipadua no mu so.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛfa hwene ne aniwa ho (te sɛ mmere mu akisikuru) .

Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba.

• Nsu a wɔtaa tow.
• Anom a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ hwene a ɛtwetwe .
• Aniwa, hwene, menewa a ɛyɛ yaw.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛtetew.

Honam ani Akisikuru

• Wora mu akisikuru (Hives anaa Rash).
• Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Wora a ɛho ahonhon.
• Wora no yɛ nwunu na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Aduan a Ɛyɛ Fɛ

Sɛ aduan bi ho yɛ wo hyew a, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi aba wɔ akwan horow so.

• Ɔfe ne yafunu mu akisikuru.
• Ayamtuo.
• Wora a ɛsɛe.
• Anofafa, tɛkrɛma, anaa anim a ɛho ahonhon.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa anaasɛ obi a ɔtotɔ piti.

Asɛm a emu yɛ den sen biara: Anaphylaxis

Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛboro atifi hɔ no betumi aba bere koro mu.

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse anaasɛ ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa anaasɛ wobɛmene esiane menewa ne tɛkrɛma a ɛho ahonhon nti.
• Koma a ɛbɔ denneennen.
• Blue skin.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa ne adwenem naayɛ a ɛyera.

Sɛ wo anaa obi foforo da anaphylaxis ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, fa no kɔ ayaresabea Dwumadibea a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara a ɛnntwentwɛn wo nan ase.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ akisikuru bi?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn . Obebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ akisikuru anaa ayamtu ho asɛm. Afei, sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi de wo akɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru nkyɛn.

Nhwehwɛmu atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde hu sɛ obi anya akisikuru:

1. Skin Prick Test: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ. Ɛha yi, wɔde nea wosusuw sɛ ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no kakraa bi pɛ gu wo nsa honam ani na wɔde ade twitwiw ketewaa bi. Wɔ simma 15-20 mu no, sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ biribi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew ho a, beae no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kakra na ɛho ahonhon, te sɛ nea nwansena aka wo. Saa sɔhwɛ yi ma wunya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm.

2. Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ nnipa binom a wontumi nyɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu (e.g., sɛ wɔwɔ honam ani yare bi anaasɛ wɔrenom nnuru bi) fam no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛfa wo mogya no bi na woasusuw nnuru dodow a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ mu no.

Sɛ wopɛ aduan ho akisikuru a, wobetumi atu wo fo sɛ di aduan a wɔde yi fi hɔ akyi . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetwa nnuan a wosusuw sɛ wubenya no mu bere bi na woahwɛ sɛ ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no tu mpɔn anaa. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa wɔ nnuruyɛfo afotu ase nkutoo .

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa akisikuru?

Botae atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔresa akisikuru no: kwati aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no, sɛ wobedi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, na wɔatew sɛnea nipadua no yɛ n’ade so.

1. Kwati nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew

Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara na edi kan.

• Sɛ wowɔ mfutuma ho akisikuru a: Ma wo fie ho ntew. Hohoro wo mpa so ntama ne wo pillowcases daa wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew mu.
• Sɛ wowɔ pollen allergy a: Tew pollen a wobɛma wo ho so wɔ nnɔnhwerew a nnipa pii wɔ hɔ (anɔpatutuutu) no so. Hohoro wo nipadua bere a woasan afi abɔnten aba no.
• Sɛ wowɔ aduan ho adwenemhaw a: Hu nnuan a wo ho yɛ wo hyew ankasa na kwati koraa. Kenkan nea wɔakyerɛw so no yiye bere a woretɔ aduan wɔ sotɔɔ mu no.

2. Nnuru a wɔde siw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano

Oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ɛfata wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

• Nnuru a Ɛko Tia Histamine: Eyinom na wɔtaa de di dwuma. Wɔhyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɛyaw, akisikuru, ne ahurututu so. Wobetumi anya bi sɛ nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu.
• Corticosteroids: Eyinom yɛ nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu na ɛboa kɛse ma hwene mu a ɛyɛ den ne ɛho ahonhon so tew.
• Nnuru a wɔde tew hwene mu: Wɔde eyinom di dwuma sɛ bere tiaa mu ano aduru a wɔde sa anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Epinephrine Auto-Injector a Wɔde Ma:Wɔkyerɛw eyi ma nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew kɛse (anaphylaxis). Eyi yɛ aduru a egye nkwa a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu. Sɛ wɔakyerɛw eyinom mu biako ama wo a, ɛho hia sɛ wode sie wo nkyɛn bere nyinaa .

3. Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa

Wɔ akisikuru a emu yɛ den bi ho no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo saa ayaresa yi akyerɛ wo. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a wo ho yɛ wo hyew no kakraa bi pɛ bɛma wo nipadua no bere tenten bi. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi sɛ aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu (Allergy Shots) anaasɛ aduru a wɔde gu tɛkrɛma ase (Sublingual Immunotherapy - SLIT). Bere kɔ so no, sɛnea wo nipadua no yɛ n’ade wɔ ade a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no ho no so tew.