Sɛ wowɔ atiridii, anaasɛ atiridii , anaa atiridii a, ebia wuhyia ɔhaw kɛse wɔ nneɛma te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, ne hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne hwene a ɛretu ho, ɛnte saa? Aduru biako a wɔde ma wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu ne saa srade yi , a ɛba sɛ nnuru abiɛsa a wɔaka abom: codeine, guaifenesin , ne pseudoephedrine. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛba wɔ eyi ho, sɛnea wɔde bedi dwuma, ne nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye wɔ ho.
Dɛn ne aduru yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...
Saa aduru yi yɛ nnuru pii a wɔaka abom a wɔde ma ɔfe so tew, ma nsu a ɛwɔ koko mu no bi yɛ teateaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobetu no, na ɛsan nso tew hwene a ɛtwetwe ne hwene mu a ɛyɛ den no so. Ne titiriw no, nea ɛwɔ mu ne:
- Codeine: Eyi yɛ opioid a ɛko tia ɔfe na ɛwɔ tumi bi a ɛma ɛyaw ano brɛ ase .
- Guaifenesin: Eyi yɛ adwuma denam nsu a ɛwɔ ɔhome akwaa no mu a ɛma ɛyɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw so, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛfefe. Yɛfrɛ eyi ``Expectorant``.
- Pseudoephedrine : Eyi yɛ adwuma denam mogya ntini a ɛwɔ hwene no mu a ɛtwetwe kakra so, na ɛtew hwene mu a ɛyɛ den ne hwene a ɛtwetwe no so. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ ``decongestant.''
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnuruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw saa aduru yi esiane nneɛma afoforo nti. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo anaa onipa a ɔwɔ nnurutɔnbea hɔ no. Ebia aduru yi bɛba wɔ din ahorow a wɔde frɛ no mu.
Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ w’aduruyɛfo kuw no ansa na woanom saa aduru yi?
Ansa na wubefi ase anom saa aduru yi no, ɛho hia sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa nnuruyɛfo no sɛ wowɔ saa tebea horow yi bi a. Eyi te saa efisɛ wobetumi asi gyinae sɛ ebia aduru yi fata wo anaasɛ ɛnsɛ, ne dodow a wɔde bɛma wo.
- Sɛ wowɔ amemene mu akisikuru a .
- Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare (asikreyare) (i.e. asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro).
- Sɛ nnubɔnenom anaa ɔhaw a ɛte saa bi wɔ hɔ a.
- Sɛ wo tipira nnansa yi a .
- Sɛ wowɔ komayare a .
- Mogya mmorosoSɛ wowɔ ``(Mogya mmoroso)`` a.
- Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom nsa daa a .
- Sɛ wowɔ asaabo mu yare a .
- Sɛ wowɔ mmerɛbo mu yare a .
- Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare, ayamtu, anaa ɔhome mu haw afoforo a .
- Sɛ wowɔ prostate yare (ɛfa mmarima ho).
- Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ɛte sɛ akisikuru a .
- Sɛ wowɔ yafunu anaa dwensɔtwaa mu haw (sɛ nhwɛso no, yafunu mu akisikuru, dwensɔtwaa a asiw).
- Sɛ wode aduru bi adi dwuma wɔ MAOI adesuakuw no mu, te sɛ `(Marplan)`, `(Nardil)`, anaa `(Parnate)`, wɔ nnafua 14 a atwam no mu a.
- Sɛ wowɔ thyroid yare a .
- Sɛ woadi kan anya ade a ɛyɛ soronko a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ codeine, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine, anaa aduru foforo biara, aduan, ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, anaa nea wɔde sie ho a.
- Sɛ woanyinsɛn anaasɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenyinsɛn a .
- Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a ɔma nufu a .
Ɛho hia paa ma w’ahobammɔ sɛ wobɛbɔ wɔn amanneɛ wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mede saa aduru yi di dwuma?
Saa aduru yi yɛ nsu (syrup) a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔnom fa ano. Fa no sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ krataa no so anaasɛ sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Nnuru a wɔde susuw: Fa syringe a wɔayɛ no soronko, nsenia soronko, anaa dropper susuw nnuru dodow biara. Bisa wo nnurutɔnbea sɛ wunni bi anaa. Mfa teaspoon anaa tablespoons a wode di dwuma daa nni dwuma, efisɛ ɛremma wunnya susudua a edi mu.
- Sɛ wɔde aduan di dwuma anaasɛ wonni bi?: Wobetumi anom saa aduru yi a aduan ka ho anaasɛ wonni bi. Nanso, sɛ wo yafunu mu yɛ wo yaw bere a woanom aduru no awie a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wode aduru no bɛka aduan bi ho.
- Mma nnnom nsen dodow a wɔakyerɛw ama wo: Mfa saa aduru yi nni dwuma mpɛn pii nsen sɛnea oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo no.
Nea ɛho hia: Wɔakyerɛw saa aduru yi ama wo nkutoo. Mfa saa aduru yi mma obi foforo da, sɛ mpo wɔn nso wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne koro no ara a wowɔ no a.
Hwɛ yiye bere a worema mmofra no.
Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi de saa aduru yi ama mmofra a wɔadi mfe 12 pɛ wɔ nsɛm bi a wɔapaw mu de, nanso nneɛma titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu sɛ wode saa aduru yi rema mmofra a.
Nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65
Ebia nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 no bɛyɛ wɔn ade denneennen wɔ aduru yi ho, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn dodow a ɛba fam sen sɛnea wɔtaa ma wɔn.
Dodow a wɔnom boro so
Sɛ wususuw sɛ woanom aduru yi pii sen sɛnea wususuw a, kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no ntɛm ara, anaa frɛ baabi a wɔhwɛ awuduru so.
Sɛ wopa nnuru dodow bi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?
Eyi nyɛ aduru a mpɛn pii no ehia sɛ wɔnom bere koro mu da biara. Wɔde di dwuma sɛnea ɛho hia. Ɛne sɛ, bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe ne nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ wɔ hɔ nkutoo. Enti, asɛmfua "bere a wɔayera" no mfa eyi ho.
Nneɛma foforo bɛn na ebetumi ne aduru yi adi nkitaho? (Nkitahodi ahorow) .
Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de ɔhaw aba bere a wɔde ka codeine, guaifenesin, ne pseudoephedrine a wɔaka abom yi ho no. Enti sɛ wode nnuru foforo biara redi dwuma a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
Mfa aduru yi nka nnuru a edidi so yi ho da:
- Linezolid a wɔfrɛ no linezolid
- MAOI nnuru (sɛ nhwɛso no, Marplan, Nardil, Parnate) .
- Methylene bruu `(Methylene bruu)`
- Ozanimod na ɔkyerɛwee
Saa aduru yi nso betumi ne nea edidi so yi adi nkitaho:
- Nsaden
- Nnuru afoforo a wɔde kum akisikuru a wɔde sa akisikuru, ɔfe, ne atiridiinini
- Nnuru bi a wɔde sa dadwen anaa nna
- Nnuru bi a wɔde sa adwenemhaw (e.g. Amitriptyline, Fluoxetine, Sertraline) .
- Nnuru bi a wɔde sa akisikuru (e.g., Phenobarbital, Primidone) .
- Nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa (sɛ nhwɛso no, Halothane, Isoflurane, Methoxyflurane, Propofol) .
- Nnuru a ɛma ntini mu dwo a wɔde di dwuma bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no
- Opioid (nnubɔne) nnuru afoforo a ɛma ɛyaw ano brɛ ase
- Phenothiazine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Chlorpromazine, Mesoridazine, Prochlorperazine, Thioridazine) .
Saa list yi nwie pɛyɛ. Ka nnuru a wonom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo (wɔakyerɛw ama wo, nea wɔtɔn wɔ aduruyɛdan mu, nnuru a wɔde nhabannuru yɛ, vitamin mpo). Afei nso, sɛ wonom sigaret, wonom nsa, anaa wode nnubɔne a mmara mma ho kwan di dwuma a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Nneɛma bi betumi ne w’aduru no adi nkitaho.
Nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye wɔ ho bere a yɛde aduru yi redi dwuma no?
- Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn: Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na hwɛ sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no tu mpɔn anaa. Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nkɔ yiye anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse a ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo . Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wode saa aduru yi di dwuma bɛboro nnafua 7 a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.
- Dodow a wɔkamfo kyerɛ:Fa dodow a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no nkutoo di dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no. Mfa nea ɛboro dodow a wɔkamfo kyerɛ no.
- Abodwokyɛre: Sɛ wode saa aduru yi di dwuma bere tenten a, ebia wo nipadua no bɛyɛ ne su. Bere kɔ so no, ahotɔ dodow a wunya fi ɔfe mu no so betumi atew. Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ankɔ yiye anaasɛ emu yɛ den a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
- Aduru no a wubegyae mpofirim: Sɛ wode saa aduru yi adi dwuma akyɛ a, nnyae mpofirim. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi ama obi ayɛ n’ade a anibere wom. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wo nipadua no ayɛ ne su wɔ aduru no ho. Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ aduru no agye wo. Addiction yɛ suban a ɛne sɛ wobenya aduru bi na wɔde adi dwuma esiane biribi a ɛnyɛ aduruyɛ nti. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo pɛ sɛ wugyae aduru no nom a, ɔde nkakrankakra bɛtew dodow no so de asiw ɔhaw ahorow ano.
- Nnuru afoforo a ɛma woda: Sɛ worenom nnuru afoforo a ɛma woda (te sɛ nnuru afoforo a ɛma woda ɛyaw, benzodiazepines, nnuru a wɔde da) a, ebia wubenya ɔhaw afoforo. Ka nnuru a worenom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Ɔbɛkyerɛ wo dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wofa. Nnom nsen dodow a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ anaasɛ woada wɔ ɔkwan soronko so a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.
- Dae ne adwenemhaw: Ebia aduru yi bɛma woate nka sɛ woda anaasɛ w’adwene tu fra . Enti, nnyɛ kar, nnyɛ mfiri, anaa nyɛ biribiara a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode w’adwene si biribi so kosi sɛ wubehu sɛnea aduru yi ka wo. Nnyina hɔ anaa ntra ase mpofirim, titiriw sɛ woabɔ akwakoraa a. Eyi betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛtɔ no na wahwe ase no so.
- Nsã: Nsã betumi asiw aduru yi a etu mpɔn no kwan. Enti, kwati nsa a wobɛnom.
- Akisikuru: Saa aduru yi betumi ama obi anya akisikuru . Sɛ woankɔ wo dwensɔtwaa mu nnafua 3 a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo.
- Ano a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Ebia w’ano ayɛ mmerɛw . Sɛ wowe aduru a asikre nnim, ahwiesa a ɛyɛ den a asikre nnim a wobɛnom, na woanom nsu pii a, ebetumi aboa ma eyi afi hɔ. Sɛ ɔhaw yi kɔ so anaasɛ emu yɛ den a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Asiane titiriw a ɛwɔ hɔ ma mmofra
Ebia mmofra betumi anya ɔhaw kɛse. Sɛ wo ba no home yɛ den, ɔyɛ dede a ɛyɛ hu, ɛte sɛ nea n’adwene atu afra, anaasɛ ɔdae wɔ ɔkwan soronko so a, gyae aduru yi a wode ma no ntɛm ara na kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.
Nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na ebia menya afi aduru yi mu?
Te sɛ nnuru nyinaa no, eyi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba nnipa binom so. Ebi yɛ aniberesɛm, ebi nso abu so.
Nneɛma bɔne a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ho amanneɛ kyerɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara:
- Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew: Honam ani akisikuru, ɛyaw, akisikuru, anim, anofafa, tɛkrɛma, anaa menewa a ɛho ahonhon.
- Central nervous system depression (CNS depression): Ɔhome a ɛyɛ brɛoo anaasɛ ɛnyɛ den, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, ɔtotɔ piti, adwenemhaw, adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛda.
- Adrenal gland dwumadie a ɛba fam: akisikuru, ɔfe, aduane ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera, mmerɛwyɛ anaa ɔbrɛ a ɛyɛ soronko, adwenemhaw.
- Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam: Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, ɔtotɔ piti anaasɛ ne ti yɛ hare, n’aniwa nhu ade yiye.
Nsunsuanso bɔne a mpɛn pii no enhia aduruyɛ, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ sɛ ɛkɔ so anaasɛ ɛhaw adwene a:
- Adwennwene anaa ahomegye a wonni
- Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa
- Dae a ɛma obi da
- Ano a ɛyɛ nwunu
- Tiyɛ (Ɛha na " Tiyɛ " kyerɛ "Hisaradaya" wɔ Georgia kasa mu. Sinhala asɛmfua a ɛteɛ ne "Hisaradaya".) - Tiyɛ
- Abofono
- Ɔhaw a ɛba wɔ nna mu
- Ɔfe a wɔfe
Saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nkyerɛkyerɛ nsunsuanso bɔne a ebetumi aba nyinaa mu. Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu wɔ nea efi mu ba ho.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mede m’aduru sie?
- Fa sie baabi a mmofra ne afieboa ntumi nkɔ hɔ. Wobetumi de saa aduru yi adi dwuma ɔkwammɔne so. Enti, fa w’aduru no sie baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ dwoodwoo na ama abɔ ho ban afi korɔnbɔ ho.
- Mfa saa aduru yi nkyɛ obi foforo. Wɔakyerɛw saa aduru yi ama wo nkutoo. Saa aduru yi a wɔbɛtɔn anaa wɔde ama afoforo no yɛ nea asiane wom na ɛne mmara nhyia.
- Fa sie: Fa sie baabi a ɛhɔ hyew yɛ digrii Celsius 15 kosi 30 (digrii Fahrenheit 59 kosi 86). Tow aduru biara a wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ da a ne bere atwam no akyi.
Sɛnea wɔtow nnuru a wɔmfa nni dwuma agu
Saa aduru yi betumi apira anaasɛ ebetumi akum obi mpo sɛ mpanyimfo, mmofra, anaa afieboa afoforo nom a. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛtow saa aduru yi agu yiye bere a wunhia bio anaasɛ bere a ne bere atwam no. Akwan abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ayɛ eyi:
1. Fa ma nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde san fa nnuru. Hwɛ wo nnurutɔnbea anaa mmarahyɛ baguafo na hwɛ sɛ wɔwɔ bi anaa.
2. Sɛ wuntumi nsan mfa mma a, hwɛ nea wɔakyerɛw wɔ nnuru toa no so anaa krataa a ɛka ho no so hwɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtow aduru no gu nwura mu anaasɛ wɔhohoro gu tiafi mu anaa. Sɛ wunnye nni a, bisa w’akwahosan kuw no. Sɛ ɛyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sɛ wobɛtow agu nwura mu a, hwie aduru no fi toa no mu na fa fra mpataa nwura, dɔte, kɔfe a wɔayam, anaa nneɛma foforo a wompɛ. Fa saa afrafrade yi gu kotoku anaa ade mu, kata so yiye, na tow gu nwura mu.
Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .
Saa aduru yi boa ma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, ne hwene a ɛyɛ den a atiridii, akisikuru, ne atiridii de ba no fi hɔ. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye paa bere a wode redi dwuma no.
- Fa di dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no nkutoo. Fa dodow a wɔakyerɛw ama no ne mpɛn dodow a wɔkyerɛw no nkutoo.
- Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo biara a wowɔ ne nnuru foforo biara a wonom ho asɛm akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
- Hu sɛ saa aduru yi betumi ama obi ada na wayɛ basaa . Hwɛ yiye bere a woreka kar anaa woreyɛ nneɛma afoforo a ehia sɛ woma w’ani da hɔ no.
- Mfa saa aduru yi nka nsa ho.
- Hwɛ yiye titiriw bere a worema mmofra no na di aduruyɛ mu afotu akyi.
- Hwɛ nneɛma bɔne a efi mu ba no yiye. Sɛ wuhu sɛ nneɛma bɔne bi a anibere wom a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
- Fa nnuru sie baabi a asiane biara nni ho na tow nnuru a wɔmfa nni dwuma no gu yiye.
Saa nsɛm krataa yi yɛ nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano nkutoo. Ɛnka nsɛm no nyinaa ho asɛm. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo biara fa saa aduru yi ho a, yɛsrɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo, nnuruyɛfo, anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo nkasa.
👩🏽 ⚕️ Nsɛmmisa foforo (FAQs)
💬 Dɛn na wɔde codeine, guaifenesin, ne pseudoephedrine di dwuma?
Nnuru abiɛsa yi a wɔaka abom no ma ɛyɛ aduru a ano yɛ den yiye ma atiridii ne ɔfe a emu yɛ den. Ɛma hwene a ɛyɛ den, koko a ɛyɛ yaw, ne tiyɛ fi hɔ ntɛmntɛm.
💬 So wei brɛ menewa a ɛyɛ den ne koko a ɛyɛ den ase?
Aane. Guaifenesin a ɛwɔ eyi mu no boa ma nsu a akɔhyɛ koko mu no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛpam. Na pseudoephedrine no trɛw mframa kwan no mu na eyi ɔhaw a ɛwɔ ɔhome mu (ɔfe) no fi hɔ koraa.
💬 Adɛn nti na saa aduru afrafra yi nnyɛ adwuma mma mmofra nkumaa?
Eyi wɔ aduru bi a ano yɛ den a wɔde kum ɛyaw a wɔfrɛ no ‘Codeine’. Sɛ wɔde ma mmofra nkumaa a, wɔn ahomegye betumi asesa na wɔn ahome. Enti, wɔmfa eyi mma wɔn a wonnii mfe 12.
` Ɔfe aduru, atiridii aduru, atiridii aduru, Codeine, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine, syrup, nsunsuanso bɔne
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