So woahyɛ sɛnea ‘vaping’—ɛlektrɔnik mfiri a wɔde home mframa—abɛyɛ nea agye din wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa mu nnɛ no nsow? Nnipa pii gye di sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom sen sigaret a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so. Nanso, so wunim sɛ mprempren nnuruyɛfo rema nsɛm a ɛhaw adwene wɔ ahurututu mu opira foforo a ɛyɛ hu a ɛbata saa su yi ho no ho? Wɔfrɛ no EVALI . Momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den na emu da hɔ nkyekyɛ nea tebea yi yɛ ankasa mu.
Dɛn ne EVALI?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, EVALI yɛ ‘E-sigaret, anaa vaping, aduru a wɔde di dwuma a ɛbata ahurututu mu opira’ no tiawa. Ne titiriw no, ɛkyerɛ ahurututu mu ɔsɛe a ɛbata ɛlɛtrɔnik sigaret anaa nneɛma a wɔde sigaret ayɛ a wɔde di dwuma ho tẽẽ. Saa tebea yi ma ɔfe a emu yɛ den na ɛma ntini a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu sɛe .
Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri a wode yɛ vaping no yɛ adwuma denam nsu a nicotine ne nneɛma ahorow a ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ wom a wobɛma ayɛ hyew so . Nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ saa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew yi mu no ne nea ɛde ahurututu mu opira yi ba titiriw. Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, EVALI betumi aba nnipa mu sɛ wɔannom vape kosi nnafua 90 ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ada adi mpo a.
EVALI betumi ada adi sɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛda adi mpofirim, anaasɛ ebetumi aba nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den nkakrankakra no. Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, tebea yi betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu .
EVALI yɛ aniberesɛm dɛn?
Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a emu yɛ den yiye . Amanneɛbɔ a efi United States kyerɛ sɛ ankorankoro a wohui sɛ wɔwɔ EVALI no mu 90% hia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea. Eduu afe 2020 mfiase no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnipa 3,000 na wɔde wɔn kɔɔ ayaresabea na bɛyɛ 70 na wowuwui wɔ tebea yi mu. Ɛho hia sɛ yɛte sɛnea akwahosan ho asiane yi mu yɛ den no ase.
So eyi yɛ ɔhaw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ?
EVALI yɛ yareɛ foforɔ a wɔahu, na wɔbɔɔ nnipa a wɔdii kan bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ U.S. wɔ afe 2019. Esiane yei nti, aduruyɛ ho abenfoɔ ne nhwehwɛmufoɔ da so ara nni adwenem naayɛ wɔ nkɛntɛnsoɔ a ɛbɛtena hɔ akyɛ anaa akwahosan ho anidasoɔ a ɛbɛba ayarefoɔ so awieeɛ koraa no ho. Ɔkwan foforo so no, yennya nte akwahosan mu nsɛnnennen a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ebetumi aba bere a wɔahu EVALI akyi no ase yiye.
Dɛn ne EVALI ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?
Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛbata EVALI ho. Sɛ wuhyia eyinom mu biara, titiriw sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔyɛ vaper a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara.
- Koko mu yaw: Wɔtaa te nka sɛ ɛyɛ nkate a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ anohyeto.
- Ɔfe: Eyi betumi ayɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ nwunu anaa nea ɛma ahurututu ba.
- Ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa (ɔhome a ɛyɛ den): Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ den bere a woregye w’ahome mpo, na ɛnyɛ bere a woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nkutoo.
- Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm ( tachycardia ): Ɔte nka sɛ koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛrebɔ ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.
- Yafunu mu yaw .
- Akisikuru ne ɔfe .
- Ayamtuo .
- Huraeɛ .
- Awɔw (a ɛte sɛ atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne).
- Wo mu duru a wɔtew so a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu: Sɛ wo mu duru so tew a wonsakra w’aduan anaa w’apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe mu a, eyi yɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw.
Kae sɛ, wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, EVALI betumi ama obi awu . Mmu w’ani ngu kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne yi so.
Dɛn na ɛde EVALI ba?
Nea ɛde ba titiriw ne e-sigaret a wɔde di dwuma ne vaping. Bere a nhwehwɛmufo da so ara resua nnuru pɔtee a ɛwɔ e-nsu mu a ɛkanyan ɔfe yi ho ade no, abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den wɔ Vitamin E acetate ntam.
Vitamin E acetate yɛ Vitamin E a wɔayɛ.Wɔn a wɔyɛ no binom de ka e-nsu a THC (aduru a ɛma obi nya adwene mu nkate a ɛwɔ wii mu) wom mu. Bere a Vitamin E acetate taa yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho bere a wowe anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuru a wɔde gu nipadua so mu no, sɛ wohome sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a, ebetumi asɛe w’ahurututu mu ntini kɛse.
So wobetumi asa EVALI yare?
Bere a wɔda so ara reyɛ bere tenten a ɛbɛba daakye ho nhwehwɛmu no, mprempren adanse kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wugyae vaping ntɛm ara na wohwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm a, wobetumi adi ahurututu mu ɔsɛe a efi EVALI mu ba no ho dwuma na ama atu mpɔn. Adeyɛ a wobɛyɛ ntɛm ho hia na ama wo ho atɔ wo.
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu ma EVALI?
Obiara a ɔyɛ vape no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya EVALI. Nanso, nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya tebea bi a emu yɛ den araa ma ebehia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea, a nea ɛka ho ne:
- Ankorankoro a wonnii mfe 35 , sɛnea wɔtaa hu wɔ nnipa nkumaa mu no.
- Wɔn a wɔde vape nneɛma a THC wom no.
- Wɔn a wɔde di dwuma a wonya nsu a wɔde yɛ vaping fi mmeae a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so anaasɛ mmara mma ho kwan (te sɛ intanɛt so gua anaa nnamfo). Ebia nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wonnim na epira wɔ saa nneɛma yi mu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu EVALI?
EVALI a wobehu no betumi ayɛ den efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ne ahurututu mu tebea afoforo pii te sɛ ayamtu ne ahurututu mu yare di nsɛ. Oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu , a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wode afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bedi dwuma de atie w’ahurututu (auscultation). Ebia wobebisa wo nsɛm pɔtee bi nso, te sɛ:
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na worehu?
- So woyɛ vape?
- So woanom vape wɔ asram abiɛsa a atwam no mu?
- So wode nicotine, THC, anaa n’abien nyinaa hyɛ mu?
- Ɛhe na wunyaa wo e-liquid (nnurutɔnbea, adamfo, intanɛt so)?
Nsɛm a edi mu na ɛyɛ nokware a wode bɛma no ho hia, efisɛ ɛma wo duruyɛfo tumi hu yare no yiye. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de si tebea no so dua.
Sɔhwɛ bɛn na wɔde kyerɛ EVALI?
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ EVALI a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a edidi so yi:
- Mogya mu oxygen dodow a wobɛhwɛ : Saa nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Oxygen dodow a ɛba fam betumi akyerɛ sɛ ahurututu asɛe. Wobetumi afa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu anaa afiri ketewaa bi a ɛnyɛ yaw a wɔatwitwa wɔ wo nsateaa so a wɔfrɛ no pulse oximetry so ayɛ eyi.
- Mfonini a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom yɛ akwan a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyaw nnim a ɛma nnuruyɛfo tumi hu ahurututu a asɛe no wɔ wɔn adwenem. Ebia wɔbɛyɛ wo koko X-ray anaa CT scan.
- Pulmonary function tests (PFTs): Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔsusuw sɛnea wubetumi ahome akɔ akyiri ne sɛnea wubetumi ahome denneennen.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa EVALI?
Esiane sɛ EVALI sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no suasua ahurututu mu nyarewa nti, ebia mfiase no wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa de akyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no bi nni hɔ. Eyi akyi no, ebia wo ayaresa nhyehyɛe a wowɔ wɔ Nirogi Lanka no bi ne:
- Corticosteroids: Wɔde saa nnuru yi di dwuma de tew ɔfe (a ɛho ahonhon) a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no so. Wobetumi afa afiri a wɔde home so ama anaasɛ sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew denam nebulizer so.
- Oxygen ayaresa: Eyi ma wonya oxygen foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔde fa hwene mu nsu mu—afiri ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde gu wo hwene mu a ɛne oxygen fibea bi bata ho.
- Mfiri a wɔde ma mframa: Wɔ EVALI tebea a emu yɛ den mu no, ebia wubehia mframa a wɔde ma a ɛbɛboa wo ma woahome, fã bi anaa ne nyinaa.
Ɛrenkyɛ na me ho atɔ me bere a mafi ayaresa ase awie no?
Nnipa dodow no ara fi ase te ahotɔ nka wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔafi ase ayɛ EVALI ayaresa no. Nanso, sɛ wobɛsan akɔ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow mu a, ebetumi agye bere kakra. Wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo bere nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma woanya ahoɔden a wopɛ.
Sɛ mewɔ EVALI a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?
Esiane sɛ EVALI yɛ tebea foforo koraa nti, wɔda so ara resua nea ebefi mu aba bere tenten no ho ade. Ankorankoro binom betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛsan ba bere a wɔawie ayaresa no mpo. Enti, wo bere a wode bedi akyi no a wobɛkɔ no ho hia yiye. Ebia wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn—oduruyɛfo titiriw bi a ɔde n’adwene si ahurututu ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe mu nyarewa a obehu na wasa so.
So wobetumi asiw EVALI ano?
Yiw, koraa! Ɔkwan a etu mpɔn sen biara a wɔfa so siw EVALI ano ne sɛ wɔbɛkwati nneɛma a wɔde vaping yɛ koraa , titiriw nea THC anaa Vitamin E acetate wom. Sɛ woyɛ vape a, tɔ nneɛma fi aguadifo a wɔwɔ tumi krataa a wɔwɔ din pa nkutoo hɔ. Kwati sɛ wode nneɛma a wɔanhyɛ ho mmara a wonnim nea efi anaa nea ɛwom bedi dwuma.
Sɛ mewɔ EVALI a, ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ me ho dɛn?
Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ EVALI a, w’akwahosan kuw a ɛwɔ Nirogi Lanka no bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a wɔayɛ ama wo. Ɛho hia sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo nyinaa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Bio nso, wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woagyae vaping . Akwan pii a wɔfa so gyae sigaretnom nso tu mpɔn kɛse ma vaping. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no mmoa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyae no ho asɛm.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ wonom vape na wuhu EVALI ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow—te sɛ wo koko mu yaw, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa a —kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Sɛ yareɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne san ba wɔ ayaresa akyi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfoɔ nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Kɔ so kɔ bere a wɔde bedi akyi nyinaa ase na woahwɛ w’ahurututu mu dwumadi ne oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Emergency Room (ER)?
Sɛ wote nka sɛ worepere sɛ wobɛhome anaasɛ wo moma so ayɛ wo den kɛse a, frɛ 911 (anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ adwumayɛbea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ nɔma) ntɛm ara, anaa kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no nkyɛn. Mma nntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ ɔhwɛ a egye ntɛmpɛ.
Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?
Sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, susuw ho sɛ wubebisa nsɛm a edidi so yi:
- Ɔkwan bɛn so na wosii me EVALI a wɔahu no so dua?
- So biribi asɛe m’ahurututu daa?
- Metumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ me ho bɛtɔ me ntɛm dɛn?
- Sɛ me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne san ba a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
- Mpɛn ahe na ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde di akyi?
- So wubetumi akamfo nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbɛma wɔagyae sigaretnom anaa vaping anaa kuw bi a wɔboa akyerɛ?
Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ vaping renya m’ahurututu so nkɛntɛnso?
Sɛ wo vape na wuhu ɔhome mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, anaa wo koko mu yaw a, ebetumi aka w’ahurututu. Sɛ wowɔ tebea horow a woadi kan anya te sɛ ayamtu a, vaping betumi ama wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no asɛe kɛse.
Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na vaping aka ahurututu no?
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu opira betumi afi ase bere a wɔde vaping ayɛ no nnansa pɛ akyi . Sɛ wonom vape bere ne bere mu nkutoo mpo a, asiane no da so ara yɛ kɛse.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
EVALI yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛma ahurututu mu ntini no ho hyehye. Sɛ wonom vape—ntaa ntaa mpo—na wunya EVALI ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ oduruyɛfo anaa kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara . Ayarefo dodow no ara fi ase te nka sɛ wɔn ho ye kɛse wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔafi ayaresa ase no.
Nkrasɛm a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ: sɛ woannyɛ vape a, nhyɛ ase. Sɛ woreyɛ vape dedaw a, akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo wɔ Nirogi Lanka a wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ma woagyae. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa. W’ahurututu akwahosan som bo kɛse.
