So ahurututu mu yare foforo yi nso rehaw wo a woreyɛ vape no? Momma yensua EVALI ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ!

Mprempren, ‘vaping’, kyerɛ sɛ, sigaretnom a wɔde afiri bi te sɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik sigaret, agye din kɛse wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa mu, ɛnte saa? Nnipa binom susuw sɛ eyi yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sen sigaret a wɔnom daa. Nanso so wunim sɛ mprempren nnuruyɛfo reka ahurututu mu yare foforo a ɛyɛ hu a `(vaping)` yi de ba ho asɛm? Wɔfrɛ eyi ` EVALI `. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri, ɛnyɛ den na ɛnyɛ den.

Dɛn ne `EVALI`?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `EVALI` yɛ asɛmfua tiawa a ɛkyerɛ 'E-sigaret, anaa vaping, aduru a wɔde di dwuma a ɛbata ahurututu mu opira' . Wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, eyi kyerɛ ahurututu mu opira a ɛbata ɛlɛtrɔnik sigaret anaa nneɛma a wɔde sigaret ayɛ a wɔde di dwuma ho . Eyi ne bere a w’ahurututu mu yɛ hyew kɛse, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛho ahonhon na epira .

Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri ketewa a wode ``vape'' (``e-cigarette'') no home nsuo a ɛyɛ ``nicotine'' ne ade a ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ. Nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ saa aduru yi mu no ne ade titiriw a ɛde ahurututu mu yare yi ba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, obi a ɔyɛɛ ``vaped'' kosi nnafua 90 ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no refi ase mpo betumi anya saa ``EVALI'' tebea yi.

Saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no `EVALI` no betumi aba mpofirim (yɛfrɛ no `acute`), anaasɛ ebetumi aba nkakrankakra, a bere kɔ so no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no kɔ soro (`subacute`). Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, ebetumi akum obi .

`EVALI` yɛ aniberesɛm dɛn?

Eyi yɛ tebea a anibere wom yiye . Sɛnea wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ U.S. no, nnipa a wonya `EVALI` no mu 90% na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea. Eduu afe 2020 mfiase no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ na nnipa 3,000 na wɔde wɔn akɔ ayaresabea na 70 na wowuwui esiane saa `EVALI` yi nti. Enti susuw sɛnea eyi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm no ho hwɛ.

So eyi yɛ ɔhaw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ?

EVALI yɛ tebea foforo koraa. Wɔbɔɔ nea odii kan nyaa saa yare yi ho amanneɛ wɔ United States wɔ afe 2019. Enti, nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ebefi mu aba bere tenten , anaa sɛnea ɛbɛkɔ so daakye. Ɛne sɛ, yennya nhuu ɔhaw ahorow a ɛbɛsɔre daakye.

Dɛn ne `EVALI` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi aba bere a saa `EVALI` yi aba no. Sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa, titiriw sɛ woyɛ `(vape)` nipa a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ampa.

• Koko mu yaw . Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea wɔrepiapia anaasɛ wɔrepiapia no.
• Ɛwa . Ebetumi ayɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ nwunu anaa ɔfe a nsu a ɛyɛ nwini wom.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den(`(ɔhome a ɛyɛ den)`). Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw, ɛnyɛ bere a woabrɛ kakra nko, na mmom bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa nso.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm ( tachycardia ). Nkate a ɛne sɛ wo moma so rebɔ ntɛmntɛm.
• Yafunu mu yaw .
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe .
• Bloating ( akisikuru ).
• Huraeɛ .
• Awɔw a wɔte nka (te sɛ atiridii).
• Mu duru a ɛso tew a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu . Sɛ wo mu duru so retew a wunhia adidi anaasɛ wonteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu a, ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw.

Kae sɛ wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, EVALI betumi ama obi awu mpo . Enti mmu w’ani ngu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi so.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde `EVALI` ba?

Nea ɛde ba titiriw ne ɛlɛtrɔnik sigaret (`(e-sigaret)`) ne `(vaping)` a wɔde di dwuma . Nanso, aduruyɛ ho abenfo da so ara nni adwene a emu da hɔ wɔ nnuru a ɛwɔ saa `(e-liquids)` (i.e. `(vape juice)`) yi mu ankasa a ɛde saa ɔfe yi ba ahurututu mu no ho.

Nanso, adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ebia abusuabɔ bi wɔ `EVALI` ne nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Vitamin E acetate)` ntam. Saa vitamin E acetate yi yɛ vitamin E a wɔayɛ.Wɔn a wɔyɛ no binom de ka `(e-liquids)` a `(THC)` (tetrahydrocannabinol - eyi ne nnuru titiriw a ɛma obi bow nsa wɔ wii mu) ho. Ɛwom sɛ asiane biara nni ho sɛ wobetumi adi vitamin E acetate anaasɛ wɔde bedi dwuma sɛ honam ani aduru de, nanso wosusuw sɛ ebetumi asɛe ahurututu bere a wɔma ɛyɛ hyew na wɔhome sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no .

So wobetumi asa tebea `EVALI` no?

Eyi yɛ biribi a nnuruyɛfo ntumi nka no pen. Nanso, esiane sɛ nsɛm foforo reba nti, ɛte sɛ nea sɛ wugyae vaping koraa na wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm a, wubetumi asan asɛe nneɛma a EVALI de aba no bi . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ adeyɛ a wɔyɛ ntɛm ho hia yiye.

Hena na `EVALI` ka no kɛse?

Obiara a ɔyɛ vape no betumi anya EVALI. Nanso, nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya yare no, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea. Eyinom bi ne:

• Nnipa a wonnii mfe 35. Wohu eyi titiriw wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa mu.
• Nnipa a ``vape'' nneɛma a (THC) wom .
• Ɛdenam akwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan biara so, kyerɛ sɛNnipa a wɔtɔ na wɔde `(vape)` nsuo a `(THC)` wom di dwuma fi mmeaeɛ te sɛ intanɛt anaa wɔn adamfo. Yennim nneɛma a epira a ɛwɔ eyi mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu `EVALI`?

EVALI a wobehu no betumi ayɛ den efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ahurututu mu nyarewa afoforo pii te sɛ ayamtu ne ahurututu mu yare de. Oduruyɛfo bi bɛhwɛ w'ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu . Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie w’ahurututu (auscultation). Wobetumi nso abisa wo nsɛm te sɛ:

• Dɛn ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
• So wo `(vape)`?
• So woanom vape wɔ asram abiɛsa a atwam no mu?
• So wo `(vape)` ma `(nicotine)`, `(THC)`, anaa n'abien nyinaa?
• Ɛhe na wonya `(e-liquid)` a wode guu wo `(vape)` mu no? (Nnurutɔnbea, adamfo, intanɛt so?)

Ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔde nsɛm a ɛyɛ nokware ma wɔ nsɛmmisa yi ho, efisɛ eyi bɛboa oduruyɛfo no ma wahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no.

Sɔhwɛ bɛn na wɔde hwehwɛ `EVALI`?

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a edidi so yi de si EVALI tebea no so dua:

• Mogya mu oxygen dodow ho nhwehwɛmu : Eyi kyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Oxygen dodow a ɛba fam betumi akyerɛ sɛ w’ahurututu asɛe. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi denam mogya a wobɛfa anaasɛ wode afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no ``pulse oximetry'', a ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi a wode bɛhyɛ wo nsateaa so no so.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: Eyinom yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyaw nnim a ebetumi ahwehwɛ sɛ ahurututu no asɛe. Wobetumi ayɛ koko X-ray anaa CT scan.
• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs): Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔsusuw nneɛma te sɛ sɛnea wubetumi ahome akɔ akyiri ne sɛnea wubetumi ahome ntɛmntɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa `EVALI`?

Esiane sɛ EVALI ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ahurututu mu yare nti, oduruyɛfo betumi adi kan akyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ama obi de akyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no bi nni hɔ. Bio nso, ebia w’ayaresa no bi ne:

• Corticosteroids: Eyinom yɛ nnuru a wɔde ma de tew ɔfe (a ɛho ahonhon) a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no so. Wobetumi de ama sɛ ade a wɔde home anaasɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew a wofa nebulizer so home.
• Oxygen ayaresa: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔma oxygen foforo. Wɔnam plastic tube ketewaa bi (nasal cannula) a wɔde gu hwene mu tokuru biara mu so na ɛma oxygen yi. Wɔde saa afiri yi bata oxygen dan bi ho.
• Mfiri a wɔde ma mframa: Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ‘ventilator’. Saa afiri yi boa wo ma wohome ma wo, koraa anaa ne fã bi. Ebia eyi ho behia sɛ wo EVALI tebea no mu yɛ den yiye a .

Ɛrenkyɛ na me ho atɔ me bere a mafi ayaresa ase awie no?

Nnipa dodow no ara fi ase te ahotɔ nka wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔafi ase de `EVALI` sa yare no. Nanso, ebia ebegye bere kakra ansa na woatumi asan akɔ wo dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa no so bere a woasa wo yare no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo bere tenten pɔtee a ebegye.

Sɛ mewɔ `EVALI` a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Esiane sɛ EVALI yɛ tebea foforo nti, nnuruyɛfo nnya nhuu nea ɛde ba bere tenten no ho nsɛm pii. Ebia nnipa binom benya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bio bere a wɔawie ayaresa no. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo di nkitaho (`(follow-up appointments)`). Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi de wo akɔma ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo (`(pulmonologist)`). Saa `(pulmonologists)` yi yɛ animdefoɔ a wɔhwehwɛ na wɔsa nyarewa a ɛwɔ ahurututu ne ɔhome nhyehyɛeɛ mu.

So wobetumi asiw `EVALI` ano?

Yiw, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ebetumi aba! Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw EVALI ano ne sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wode vaping nneɛma bedi dwuma koraa . Titiriw kwati nneɛma a THC anaa Vitamin E acetate wom. Sɛ woyɛ vape a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛtɔ vaping nneɛma afi adetɔnfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa nkutoo hɔ . Mfa nneɛma biara a wubehu wɔ abɔnten so nni dwuma, na wunnim onii a ɔyɛɛ anaa nea ɛwɔ mu.

Sɛ mewɔ `EVALI` a, ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ me ho dɛn?

Sɛ oduruyɛfoɔ bi ka kyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ `EVALI` a, ɔbɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfata wo. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom nnuru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no nyinaa pɛpɛɛpɛ na woanom bere ano .

Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi aboa wo ma woagyae vaping . Wobetumi de afotu koro no ara pii a ɛbɛma wɔagyae sigaretnom nso adi dwuma de agyae vaping. Bisa wo duruyɛfo nhyehyɛe ahorow a ebetumi aboa wo ma woayɛ eyi ho asɛm.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔyɛ vaper na wowɔ EVALI (koko mu yaw, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, ne ɔfe a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm) ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne san ba bere a wɔasa wo yare no akyi a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Kɔ so kɔ bere a woadi akyi akɔhwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma ne oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ (ER)?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kɛse anaasɛ wo moma so ayɛ wo den a, frɛ 911 (anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ) ntɛm ara, anaa kɔ ayaresabea dan a ɛbɛn wo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so.Eyi nyɛ ade pa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛtwentwɛn so.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ mewɔ `EVALI`?
• So m’ahurututu asɛe koraa?
• Ɛrenkyɛ na me ho atɔ me ntɛm?
• Sɛ me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne san ba a, dɛn na meyɛ?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meba bɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma wɔadi akyi?
• So wubetumi akamfo nhyehyɛe anaa kuw bi a wɔboa ma aboa me ma magyae vaping?

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ vaping renya m’ahurututu so nkɛntɛnso?

Sɛ woyɛ obi a wode `(vape)` di dwuma na wowɔ ɔhome ho sɛnkyerɛnne (te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, koko mu yaw) a, w'ahurututu betumi asɛe. Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu tebea afoforo te sɛ `(asthma)` a, `(vaping)` betumi ama saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ayɛ kɛse.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na vaping aka ahurututu no?

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ vaping betumi afi ase asɛe w'ahurututu wɔ nnansa pɛ mu . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ mpo wususuw sɛ, "Mereyɛ no kakra kɛkɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a," saa ketewaa no mpo betumi ayɛ asiane.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

EVALI yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛma w’ahurututu mu ntini mu yɛ hyew. Sɛ woyɛ vaper - sɛ mpo wo ntaa nyɛ a - na wunya EVALI ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ wokɔ dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu . Sɛ wɔsa wɔn yare a, nnipa dodow no ara fi ase te nka sɛ wɔn ho tɔ wɔn wɔ nna kakraa bi mu.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛ woannyɛ vape a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ worenhyɛ aseɛ. Sɛ woreyɛ vape dedaw a, nnuruyɛfo ne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo ma woagyae. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubenya wɔn mmoa. W’ahurututu no fata, ɛnte saa?