So wowɔ nsensanee fitaa/biribiri wɔ wo sẽ so? Ebia wunnim sɛ ɛyɛ fluorosis! Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

So woahwɛ wo sẽ, anaa wo ba sẽ, na woahu nsensanee nketenkete fitaa a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ bruu? Nnipa binom te yaw wɔ wɔn nnompe ne wɔn nkwaa mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛnantew. Ade biako nti a saa nneɛma yi ba ne sɛ, yɛwɔ mineral bi a wɔfrɛ no fluoride pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no fluorosis . Nsuro, nsusuw sɛ eyi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den bere a wote no. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ankasa ne Fluorosis?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, fluorosis yɛ tebea a fluoride pii a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu na ɛde ba. Fluoride yɛ ade a ɛwɔ abɔde mu a ɛwɔ asase ne nsu mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sɛ ɛyɛ kakraa bi a, ɛboa ma ɛse nsɛe. Ɛno nti na ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ fluoride wɔ nnuru a wɔde sew sẽ bi mu no. Nanso, te sɛ biribiara no, sɛ ɛboro so a, ebetumi apira w’akwahosan. Sɛnea wɔka no, "biribiara a ɛboro so no nyɛ papa." Fluoride bi wɔ nsu a yɛnom mpo mu. Ɛdenam baabi a wote so no, ebia fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu a wode di dwuma no mu no bɛyɛ kakraa bi anaasɛ ɛbɛdɔɔso. Ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ka sɛ fluoride dodow a eye sen biara wɔ yɛn nsu a yɛnom mu no bɛyɛ miligram 0.7 (mg/L). Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ ɛboa ma sẽ a ɛporɔw so tew de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wɔkari pɛ a ɛmma akwahosan ho haw afoforo mma.

Fluorosis ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Fluorosis ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

Dɛn ne Dental Fluorosis?

Eyi ne ɔkwan a yɛtaa hu na yɛka ho asɛm. Ɛka wo sẽ. Saa tebea yi ba bere a wowe fluoride pii dodo, titiriw wɔ nkwa mfe awotwe a edi kan no mu, bere a wo sẽ reyɛ ayɛ no. Dental Fluorosis betumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so. Nanso ɛnyɛ tebea a ɛyɛ yaw. Wɔtaa bu no sɛ ɛyɛ ahosiesie ho haw, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛka sɛnea wo sẽ te. Mpɛn pii no, ennya wo sẽ dwumadi anaa akwahosan so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Momma yensua Skeletal Fluorosis ho ade

Eyi yɛ type a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye kakra wɔ ho. Ɛka wo nnompe ne wo nkwaa. Eyi betumi anya w’akwahosan nyinaa so nkɛntɛnso bɔne. Sɛ nhwɛso no , nnompe mu yare ( tebea a ɛma nnompe yɛ mmerɛw na ɛbubu ntɛmntɛm), ntini mu yare (nkwaa a ɛyɛ hyew), ne nkwaa mu yaw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ betumi aba. Saa tebea yi ba bere a wɔkɔ so nom fluoride pii wɔ mfe pii mu no.

Dɛn ne Fluorosis a Ɛnyɛ Nnompe?

Eyi ne nnompe mu fluorosis mfiase ankasa. Ɛka wo aduan mu nhyehyɛe (yafunu mu ntini) titiriw . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia wubenya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ yafunu mu akisikuru, akisikuru, akisikuru, akisikuru, ne aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera.

Fluorosis abu so dɛn?

Dental Fluorosis yɛ tebea a wɔtaa hu wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔka sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔman te sɛ Amerika mu bɛyɛ 23% na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi. Nanso, Skeletal Fluorosis ho yɛ na koraa wɔ aman te sɛ Amerika mu. Nanso, abu so (endemic) wɔ Asia ne Afrika mmeae bi. Titiriw wɔ India ne China no, wɔbɔ ayarefo dodow no ara amanneɛ. Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nnipa dodow pɔtee a wɔwɔ wiase a wɔwɔ nnompe mu fluorosis yi. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu bi daa no adi sɛ nnipa 445 a na wɔwɔ beae a fluoride dɔɔso wom no mu 94 na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi. Afei, hwɛ, wɔ Amerika mmeae pii no, fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu no mu no sua sen miligram 0.7 a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm wɔ lita biara mu (mg/L) no. Ɛno nti na mpɔtam hɔ atumfoɔ pii a wɔwɔ hɔ no de fluoride ka nsu a wɔnom ho no. Nanso, wɔ wiase mmeae afoforo, sɛ nhwɛso no, Asia ne Afrika mmeae bi no, fluoride pii wɔ asase ase nsu a efi abɔde mu. Wɔ India no, wɔka sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔnom mu no bɛyɛ miligram 2.37 wɔ lita biara mu (mg/L). Wɔ mmeae bi no, wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ dodow a ɛkɔ soro kodu miligram 9.22 wɔ lita biara mu (mg/L). Enti, nnipa a wɔte mmeae a ɛtete saa no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya fluorosis. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, mmeae bi nso wɔ hɔ, titiriw wɔ beae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu, a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu no mu ho. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu nsu a ɛwɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ no.

Dɛn ne Fluorosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egyina fluorosis ko a wowɔ so. Mpɛn pii no, dodow a fluoride pii wɔ wo mu no, dodow no ara na wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu bɛyɛ den.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Dental Fluorosis

Nsɛnkyerɛnne biako pɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ntini mu fluorosis ne sẽ kɔla sesa. Saa kɔla a ɛsakra yi gu ahorow gyina sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den so. Nsõ ho aduruyɛfo de nsɛmfua a edidi so yi di dwuma de kyekyɛ mu:

• Asɛmmisa: Nsonsonoe fitaa a emu yɛ hare yiye kakraa bi ne nsensanee fitaa kakraa bi pɛ .
• Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye: Nsonsonoe fitaa a ɛyɛ hare a ɛkata sẽ no ani nnu 25%.
• Dwo: Nsõ fitaa a ɛyɛ hare a ɛkata sẽ no ani nnu 50%.
• Ɛkɔ fam: Nsonsonoe fitaa anaa bruu a ɛyɛ hare wɔ bɛboro 50% wɔ sẽ no ani.
• Emu yɛ den:Nsonsonoe fitaa, bruu a ɛyɛ hann, anaa bruu tuntum wɔ wo sẽ no ani nyinaa. Ebia wo sẽ nso wɔ amena nketenkete anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea enamel no asɛe.

Fluorosis a Ɛma Nnompe ne Nea Ɛnyɛ Nnompe Ho Nsɛnkyerɛnne

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛbata fluorosis a ɛnyɛ nnompe mu no betumi ayɛ:

• Yafunu mu yaw
• Nnipa a wɔhoro
• Ayamtim
• Ayamtuo
• Nkwaa mu yaw ne nea ɛyɛ den
• Akyi yaw
• Ntini a wɔsɛe no
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe

Bere a tebea no mu yɛ den na nnompe mu fluorosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase da adi no, ebia wubehu nea edidi so yi:

• Nnompe a ɛpaapae
• Nnompe ne akyi berɛmo mu dɛmdi
• Adwene mu yareɛ a ɛnyɛ den - kyerɛ sɛ, ɔhaw nketenkete wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nkaeɛ ne adwene mu
• Myelopathy - ɛyaw a ɛnam akyi berɛmo a wɔde mia so ba
• Osteosclerosis - nnompe a ɛyɛ den a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so
• Radiculopathy - ɛyaw a ɛnam ntini a ɛyɛ pintinn wɔ akyi berɛmo mu
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Dae mu haw ahorow

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde fluorosis ba?

Fluorosis fi fluoride a wɔnom boro so mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ womene fluoride pii bere tenten. Ɔkwan a eyi fa so no gu ahorow a egyina fluorosis ko a obi wɔ so. Dental Fluorosis ba bere a abofra sẽ a ɛtra hɔ daa no da so ara nyin wɔ n’anom ntini ase, bere a wɔnom fluoride pii no. Eyi betumi afi nsu anaa nufusu a fluoride pii wom a wɔnom, anaasɛ fluoride aduru a wɔde sew sẽ pii a wɔmene no mu aba. Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis ba bere a obi a wadi mfe biara nom fluoride pii wɔ mfe pii mu no. Eyi betumi afi nsu a fluoride pii wom a wɔnom, anaasɛ anonne te sɛ tii ne kɔfe a wɔde nsu a fluoride pii wom a wɔkɔ so nom mu aba.

Asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya fluorosis

Asiane bi yɛ biribi a ɛma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya tebea pɔtee bi no yɛ kɛse. Nea edidi so yi ne nneɛma a ɛde fluorosis ba:

• Sɛ wɔte beae a fluoride dɔɔso wɔ asase ase nsu mu.
• Fluoride a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔnom mu no taa boro miligram 0.7 wɔ lita biara mu (mg/L).
• Fluoride aduru a wɔde sew sẽ pii a wobɛmene daa. (Sɛ wobɛmene kakraa bi pɛ a, ɛnyɛ hwee. Nanso, sɛ womene pii bere tenten a, ebetumi ama obi anya fluorosis.)
• Nkokoaa aduan a fluoride wom a wɔde nsu a fluoride wom a wɔde ma bere tenten. (Sɛ wode aduan a fluoride wom di dwuma a, fa nsu a fluoride nnim yɛ no. Sɛ wode nsu a fluoride wom di dwuma a, hwehwɛ nkokoaa aduan a fluoride nnim.)

Fluorocarbons wɔ ofie nneɛma bi te sɛ nneɛma a wɔde siw ano, srade, ne mframa a wɔde tew mfutuma ho. Nnipa a wɔhome nnuru yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya nnompe mu fluorosis ne nea ɛnyɛ nnompe mu fluorosis. Sɛ obi bow nsa fi saa nnuru yi mu a, ebetumi ama ne ho ayɛ no yaw, ne koma atu no ayɛ basaa, na mpo owu mpofirim.

Sɛ saa nneɛma yi ayɛ wo su na wuhia mmoa ma wo ho atɔ wo a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu anaa afotu a ɛfata.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya Fluorosis?

Nsõ ho oduruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ ɔwɔ nsensan mu fluorosis bere a wɔreyɛ nsensan mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ayɛ wo sẽ ho X-ray nso de ayi tebea afoforo afi hɔ. Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis betumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ wobehu efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ tebea afoforo pii de. Enti mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi. Ebia eyinom bi ne:

• Mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hwɛ wo nnompe. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne X-ray , CT mfonini (Computed Tomography scans) , ne nnompe mu density nhwehwɛmu (DXA) .
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa fluorosis?

Ɛsono sɛnea wɔsa fluorosis a egyina fluorosis ko a wowɔ so. Wobetumi de ntini a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie asiesie nsensan mu fluorosis. Nnompe mu fluorosis ayaresa yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra. Egyina nneɛma pii so, titiriw sɛnea sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den ne nipadua no afã horow a ɛka no.

Nsõ mu Fluorosis a Wɔsa

Sɛ wowɔ sẽ mu fluorosis a, ebia wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie yi biako akyerɛ wo:

• Nsõ a wobɛma ayɛ fitaa: Wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo de aduru a ɛma wo sẽ yɛ fitaa bɛpete wo sẽ so bere pɔtee bi . Saa gel yi bɛma wo sẽ mu ayɛ hare, na ama ɛne fluorosis nsensanee no ahyia. Wɔtaa de eyi sa fluorosis a emu nyɛ den.
• Nsõ a wɔde kyekyere: Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, ntini ho oduruyɛfo no de aduru a wɔde afrafra a ne kɔla te sɛ sẽ kata fluorosis nkekae so. Afei wɔyɛ sẽ no na wɔyɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ ma ɛyɛ fɛ.
• Nsõ a wɔde kata wo sẽ so: Eyinom yɛ akorade a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔde resin anaa porcelain ayɛ a ɛkata wo sẽ anim. Esiane sɛ wɔayɛ veneers ama ankorankoro biara nti, wɔyɛ nsensan ho mfonini de hwɛ hu sɛ ne kɛse fata ma w’ahiade.
• Nsõ abotiri: Eyinom nso yɛ sẽ kyɛw a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ. Wɔkata wo sẽ nyinaa so. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a abotiri no bɛfata yiye no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyi wo sẽ a efi awosu mu no fã ketewaa bi fi hɔ.
• Enamel microabrasion: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, sẽ ho oduruyɛfo no yi wo sẽ enamel a ɛyɛ tratraa yiye no fi hɔ. Eyi betumi ayi fluorosis nkekae pii afi hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo nso bɛyɛ wo sẽ fitaa bere a wɔayɛ enamel microabrasion akyi na ama wo sẽ kɔla ayɛ pɛ.

Fluorosis a Ɛwɔ Nnompe ne Nea Ɛnyɛ Nnompe mu Ayaresa

Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ha ne sɛ wobeyi ɔhaw no fibea afi hɔ. Sɛ wobɛyɛ eyi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wuyi fluoride fi wo nsu a wonom mu. Wubetumi de akwan te sɛ reverse osmosis , distillation , anaa activated carbon filters adi dwuma de ayi wo nsu mu. (Nsu a wɔnoa rentumi nyɛ eyi. Ɛwom sɛ nsu a wɔnoa no yi efĩ fi nsu mu de, nanso fluoride nyɛ biribi a ɔhyew betumi asɛe no, na ɛyɛ den yiye.) Nea ɛka ho no, ebia nnuruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa te sɛ:

• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ anabolic:Saa nnuru yi betumi atew nnompe mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne so.
• Calcium ne Vitamin D: Saa abien yi betumi atew nnompe a ɛyɛ den so bere a wɔka bom no. Wobetumi aka ɔkwan a wofa so twetwe fluoride fi wo dwensɔtwaa mu nso.
• NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): Saa nnuru yi boa ma wodi ɛyaw ne ɔfe a ɛba bere a nnompe mu fluorosis ba no so.

Eyi nyɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ a edi mũ. Wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe bi ma ɛne w’ahiade ahorow ahyia.

So wobetumi asiw Fluorosis ano?

Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so asiw fluorosis ano ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ fluoride dodow a wonom so. Afotu kakraa bi ni:

• Hwɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nsu ho bagua anaa adwumakuw bi a ɛfa ho mfa mmara ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛfa fluoride a wɔde bɛka nsu ho wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ ho.
• Hwɛ fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ w’abura mu nsu anaa kurow no mu nsu mu.
• Hwehwɛ fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ ho nsɛm pii.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya fluorosis no so atew no, hwɛ yiye wɔ fluoride dodow a ɔde di dwuma no ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sɛ wobɛma wo ba no fluoride pii, na hwɛ hu sɛ obenya dodow a ɛfata wɔ bere a ɔreyɛ sẽ no mu. Saa kari pɛ yi ho hia paa ma wo ba no akwahosan.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan bere a wo ne fluorosis te ase no?

Mpɛn pii no, nea efi Dental Fluorosis mu ba no ye, efisɛ ɛnyɛ tebea a epira. Wobetumi de nsensan a wɔde sa yare asiesie. Nea ebefi Skeletal Fluorosis mu aba no gyina sɛnea wuhu no ntɛmntɛm no so. Dodow a wugyae fluoride a wobɛnom no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo bere tenten no yɛ kɛse.

Fluorosis di bere tenten ahe?

Mpɛn pii no, fluorosis nyɛ tebea a wotumi dannan. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ ɛba pɛ a, ɛnkɔ. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ ayaresa betumi ama nnompe mu fluorosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne atu mpɔn akodu baabi. Nanso egyina sɛnea wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den so fi ase.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wowɔ fluorosis, anaasɛ wote baabi a ɛtaa ba a, ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ wobɛbɔ wo amanneɛ. Hu fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu a wonom no mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wuhu saa dodow no wie a, wubetumi asi w’akwahosan ho gyinae a ɛfata.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ sẽ mu fluorosis a, kɔ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na wo ne no nsusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho. Afei nso, sɛ mpofirim ara wunya nnompe mu fluorosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ akisikuru, nkwaa mu yaw, anaa nnompe a ɛtaa bubu a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Obetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow de ahu nea ɛde ba.

Fluoride kakraa bi na ɛhyɛ yɛn sẽ den na ɛbɔ ho ban na ansɛe. Nanso sɛ ɛboro so a, ebetumi apira yɛn. Nimdeɛ yɛ tumi. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw fluorosis ano ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ yiye. Hwɛ wo nsu fibea. Hwehwɛ mmara a ɛwɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ a ɛfa fluoride a wɔde bɛhyɛ nsu mu ho. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa pɔtee bi fa sɛnea fluoride ka w’akwahosan ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti, sɛnea yɛaka ho asɛm no, eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae:

• Fluorosis yɛ tebea a fluoride a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua no mu na ɛde ba.
• Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: Dental Fluorosis (ɛka sẽ) ne Skeletal Fluorosis (ɛka nnompe ne nkwaa).
• Dental Fluorosis ma nsensanee fitaa/biribiri ba, nanso ɛnyɛ yaw. Wobetumi de nnuru a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie asiesie.
• Nnompe mu Fluorosis mu yɛ den kakra na ebetumi ama nkwaa ayɛ yaw na nnompe abubu.
• Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu fluoride dodow a ɛwɔ nsu a wonom no mu.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ fluoride aduru a wɔde sew sẽ a wobɛmene bere a wo mma reyɛ sẽ no ho.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Kae sɛ fluoride yɛ biribi a yehia wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ɔhaw no ne sɛ wobɛma ayɛ pii dodo. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ yɛn nyinaa hu eyi na yɛbɔ yɛn ankasa ne yɛn mma akwahosan ho ban. Fluorosis, Fluoride, Nsõ mu Nkekae, Nnompe mu Yare, Nsu a Wɔnom, Nsensan Akwahosan, Aboɔden abo