Momma yensua nea mogyatɔw yɛ ankasa, sɛ́ ɛyɛ emu anaa akyi.

So woahyɛ no nsow pɛn sɛ kuru ketewaa mpo nnyae mogyatɔw? Anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ mogya retu wo afi wo nipadua mu baabi, anaasɛ woanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa ara? Nokwarem no, saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi, kyerɛ sɛ, tebea a wɔfrɛ no `(Mogya a ɛtɔ)` no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den kakra sen sɛnea wususuw. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ, wɔ Sinhala kasa mu a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ne mogya a ɛtɔ anaa ``Mogya a ɛtɔ''?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya ntini (mogya ntini) bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu asɛe na mogya tu fi mu, a ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no `(Mogya a ɛtɔ)`. Saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi nso tumi ba nipadua no mu, wɔ saa tebea yi mu no yɛfrɛ no ``mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ nipadua no mu``. Ɔkwan foforo so no, sɛ mogya no da adi wɔ abɔnten, sɛ efi kuru anaa baabi a wɔabue wɔ nipadua no mu a, ɛyɛ ``akyi mogya``. Saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi betumi ayɛ ketewaa anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ kɛse a ɛbɛka asetra.

Mpɛn pii no, yebu saa tebea horow a wɔfrɛ no ``Mogya a ɛtɔ'' yi sɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no ntɛm ara .

Mogya ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Esiane sɛ mogya ntini wɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu nti, saa `(Mogya a ɛtɔ)` yi betumi aba wɔ akwan horow so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Mogya a ɛwɔ wo moma so (`Hemothorax`): Fa no sɛ baabi a ɛda w’ahurututu ne mpampam (`pleural space`) a ɛwɔ wo moma so no ntam no yɛ mogya ma. Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no? W’ahurututu mu yɛ den , na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, na ebia wo koko bɛte yaw. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi `(Hemothorax)`.
• Mogya a ɛba amemene mu (anaasɛ mogya a ɛba amemene mu): Eyi yɛ tebea a asiane wom kakra. Ɛfiri mogya a ɛntene so wɔ w’amemene mu anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a atwa ho ahyia no ntam. Sɛ mogya no ba amemene no mu a, wɔfrɛ no mogya a ɛtɔ. Saa ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase yi yɛ aniberesɛm yiye na ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu ntɛm ara. Akisikuru foforo, ischemic stroke, ne bere a mogya a ɛkɔ amemene no mu no siw, nanso eyi yɛ soronko. Mogya a ɛtɔ no ba wɔ ha.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ awo akyi (PPH): Eyi yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia paa ma ɛnanom. Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ awo akyi, anaa ne tiaatwa mu no, PPH ne mogya a ɛtɔ dodo wɔ ɔbea no awotwaa mu bere a wawo awie no. Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den yiye a ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu. Saa tebea yi betumi aba wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi akyi wɔ awo akyi anaasɛ akosi adapɛn 12 wɔ awo akyi.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ amemene no mu ntini ne ntini a ɛbɔ ho ban a atwa ho ahyia no ntam no, wɔfrɛ no subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Eyi nso yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.
• Mogya a ɛwɔ aniwa no fitaa mu (`Subconjunctival hemorrhage`):Ebia woahu sɛ nnipa binom mogya kɔkɔɔ bi wɔ wɔn aniwa fitaa so. Wɔfrɛ ɛno ``Subconjunctival hemorrhage.'' Eyi ne bere a mogya boaboa ano wɔ ntini teateaa a atwa aniwa no ho ahyia a wɔfrɛ no ``conjunctiva.'' Eyi taa nyɛ aniberesɛm te sɛ mogyatɔw ahorow afoforo.

Bruises , a ɛyɛ mogya a ɛboaboa ano wɔ honam ani a yɛn nyinaa nya no, yɛ nhwɛso ketewaa bi ankasa a ɛkyerɛ ``mogya a ɛtɔ.`` Asɛmfua foforo a ɛfa ho ne ``hematoma.`` Ɛkyerɛ mogya a ɛboaboa ano wɔ ntini no mu.

Dɛn ne mogya a ɛretu ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nkate a wowɔ bere a mogya retu wo no betumi ayɛ soronko, a egyina baabi a mogya no wɔ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ bɔne so.

Sɛnea nnuruyɛfo kyerɛ no, mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara nni hɔ kosi sɛ nipadua no mogya nyinaa mu bɛyɛ 15% bɛyera (Klas I mogya).

Nanso, sɛ wo nipadua no hwere ne mogya dodow 15% kosi 30% (Class II hemorrhage) , ɛnde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi fi ase da adi:

• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa anaa tirim a ɛyɛ hare (eyi fi mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam).
• Ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ.
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (dyspnea) ne ɔhome a ɛkɔ soro.
• Koma a ɛbɔ kɛse (tachycardia).

Sɛ wo anaa obi a ɔbɛn wo wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wofrɛ 1990 ntɛm ara anaa wokɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so.

Sɛ wohwere wo mogya dodow nyinaa mu bɛboro 30% a, tebea no betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den kɛse. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, nea edidi so yi betumi aba:

• Kesereneeyɛ.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
• Nhumu a wɔhwere.
• Hypovolemic shock (ahodwiriw a mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ fam kɛse de ba).

Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ nipadua no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee

Mogya a ɛtɔ nipadua no afã horow bi mu no betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi aba:

• Tiyɛ: Tiyɛ a ɛba mpofirim , a emu yɛ den , aniwa a ɛsakra, adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, ne nipadua no fã biako a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Koko: Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den , koko mu yaw, ne mogya a ɔfe.
• Yafunu (yafunu): Yafunu mu a ɛyɛ hyew anaasɛ ɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ ma, yafunu a ɛtrɛw, mogya a ɛfe, mogya a ɛwɔ nsu anaa nsu mu.
• Nnompe, nkwaa, ne ntini: Akuru, ahonhon, ne ɛyaw. Nanso ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ mogya biara a ɛbɛboaboa ano wɔ baabi a wɔatoto (sɛ nhwɛso no, abasa anaa nan ntini ntam) ne nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ntini ahorow no mu no yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.Eyi betumi asɛe ntini ne mogya ntini, na ama wɔahwere dwumadi wɔ saa beae no daa.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ mogya retu wo?

Nokwarem no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ den ma yɛn sɛ yɛbɛte sɛnea ɛyɛ aniberesɛm sɛ mogya tu no ase. Sɛ nhwɛso no, hwene mu mogya. Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ nnipa a wɔte ase na ɛnyɛ asɛm kɛse. Nanso, sɛ mogya no fi mogya ntini anaa ntini kɛse bi mu a, ebetumi ayɛ den na ayɛ den sɛ wobegyae. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, mogya a ɛba ɔbea awotwaa mu wɔ awo akyi nso abu so. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata na wɔhwɛ kwan. Nanso, sɛ ɛboro so a, ebetumi ayɛ tebea a asiane wom a wɔfrɛ no awo akyi mogyatɔw.

Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛma w’ani aku wo nipadua ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho. Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ mogya dodow a ɛbɛtɔ wo ho dadwen bi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Hwɛ sɛnea mogya tu kɛse (te sɛ adwenemhaw, ɔbrɛ, ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa) ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no yiye. Sɛ mogya a ɛbɛtɔ wo ho haw ketewaa bi mpo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu mmoa.

Dɛn nti na mogya retu te sɛ eyi? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Mogya a ɛtɔ saa yi ba bere a mogya ntini biako anaa nea ɛboro saa asɛe no. Mpɛn pii no, sɛnea mogya no mu yɛ den no gyina baabi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ne sɛnea mogya ntini a asɛe no kɛse te so.

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba ne tebea horow a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ no anaasɛ ɛbɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ kɛse. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Asanom a wɔnom ho haw: Eyi yɛ asiane titiriw, titiriw ma mogya a ɛba subarachnoid.
• Mogya a ɛtwetwe: Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Mogya mu yare: Nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ hemophilia ne Von Willebrand yare.
• Kokoram.
• : `warfarin (Coumadin®)`, `aspirin` ( ‍ ), `Clopidogrel (Plavix®)` `apixaban (Eliquis®)` .
• Ntini mu nyarewa bi: tebea horow te sɛ awosu mu mogya a ɛtɔ telangiectasia ne aneurysms (baabi a mogya ntini yɛ mmerɛw na ɛbɔ te sɛ balloons).
• Nsɛnnennen a ɛba wɔ aduruyɛ mu: Nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba wɔ nneɛma te sɛ oprehyɛn akyi.
• Akwaa bi a ɛsɛe: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw te sɛ ibuprofen (Advil®) a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten no betumi ama akuru bi aba dwensɔtwaa no mu na mogya atu.
• Opira: Ntwitwiridii, akisikuru akɛse, amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu.
• Trauma: Nneɛma te sɛ atuo a wɔde apirapira, sekan a wɔde bɔ obi, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Eyinom yɛ nyarewa a mmoawa kuw bi na ɛde ba. Saa mmoawa yi betumi asɛe mogya ntini na ama mogya atu kɛse. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne Ebola, dengue atiridii, Marburg, ne atiridii kɔkɔɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu `(Mogya a ɛtɔ)`?

Nnuruyɛfo begyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (sɛ nhwɛso no, adwenemhaw) ne nea wɔahu wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, koma a ɛbɔ kɛse, mogya mmoroso a ɛso tew) so ahu mogya a ɛretu. Ade a edi hɔ ne sɛ wubehu baabi pɔtee a mogya no fi ne nea ɛde ba. Mpɛn pii no, mogya a ɛba akyi no da adi. Nanso, mogya a ɛba obi mu no betumi ayɛ den kakra.

Oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu, abisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, na obetumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mfonini mu nhwehwɛmu (te sɛ scan) ne aduruyɛdan mu nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa mogya a ɛtɔ?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu no gyina nneɛma pii so:

• Ɛhe na mogya no kɔ ne sɛ ebia ɛwɔ nipadua no mu anaasɛ ɛwɔ akyi.
• Sɛnea emu yɛ den no.
• Nea ɛde mogya no bae mfiase no.
• So wowɔ nyarewa anaa opira foforo bi?

Sɛ wonnim nea ɛde ba na/anaasɛ mogya no mu yɛ den a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea kɔsa wo yare. Wo nnuruyɛfo kuw no behu nea ɛde ba na wɔasa no yare sɛnea ɛfata. Ebia wubehia nneɛma te sɛ:

• Sɛɛgyiri.
• Vitamin K a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu: (Titiriw sɛ worenom nnuru te sɛ warfarin a, na aboa ma mogya atɔ wo no agyae).
• Nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu (`IV nsu`).
• Mogya a wɔde ma.

Mmoa a edi kan ma obi a mogya retu no

Wubetumi nso de mmoa a edi kan ama obi a mogya retu no kɛse – sɛ ɛyɛ wo anaa obi foforo. Di anammɔn yi akyi:

1. Frɛ 1990 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara.

2. Fa onipa a wapira no to fam. Sɛ kuru bi wɔ wɔn nsa anaa wɔn nan so a, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, ma ɔfã a apira no so nsen koma no.

3. Sɛ wowɔ nnuruyɛ ho nneɛma a, fa gauze a ɛnyɛ yare anaa ntama a ɛho tew kata kuru no so.

4. Srɛ onipa a wapira no sɛ ɔmfa ne nsa (nsa) nkura kuru no. Sɛ ontumi nyɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ.

5. Sɛ biribi (e.g. ahwehwɛ asinasin, dua asinasin) akɔhyɛ kuru no mu a, ntwe mfi mu. Twe aduru a wɔde kyekyere ho no mu denneennen.

6. Sɛ wode tourniquet (aduru a wɔde kyekyere kuru so denneennen na ama mogya atɔ no) di dwuma a, sɛ wunim sɛnea wobɛyɛ no yiye nkutoo a, yɛ saa, na sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a etwa to wɔ mogya a ɛretu kɛse mu nkutoo.(Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so siw mogya no ano denam biribi te sɛ dua anaa ntama a wɔde mia kuru no so. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ obi a onim nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ankasa nkutoo na ɔyɛ eyi, efisɛ sɛ wɔanyɛ no yiye a, ebetumi apira obi.)

Dɛn ne obi a mogya atu no ma ne ho atɔ no?

Sɛ mogya atu wo a, wo nkɔmhyɛ (adwene) gyina nneɛma pii so:

• `(Mogya)` bɛn na ɛno yɛ?
• Sɛnea emu yɛ den no.
• Hwɛ sɛnea wo nsa kaa ayaresa ntɛmntɛm.
• Wo mfe a woadi ne w’akwahosan nyinaa.

Ayaresa a wɔde kɔ obi ntɛm ne ade titiriw a ɛbɛma obi ho atɔ no yiye. Sɛ wonya ayaresa wie a, w’aduruyɛfo kuw no bɛma woanya nea wobɛhwɛ kwan wɔ w’anim no ho adwene pa.

Nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba esiane `(Mogya a ɛtɔ)` nti

Nsɛnnennen a efi mogyatɔw mu ba titiriw ne mogya dodow a ɛkɔ w’akwaa ahorow mu a ɛso tew. Eyi betumi ama awiei koraa no ntini ne nkwammoaa awuwu, na ɛde nsɛnnennen te sɛ:

• Akwaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
• Coma.
• Owuo.

Mogya a ɛtɔ ne ade titiriw a ɛde owu a wobetumi asiw ano ba, titiriw wɔ wɔn a wopirapira kɛse wɔ ahodwiriw mu no mu.

Mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu pɔtee bi betumi de nsɛnnennen pɔtee bi aba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, amemene mu mogya a ɛtɔ betumi ama amemene no asɛe daa ne ntini mu nsɛm. Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ awo akyi no betumi ama obi anya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Sheehan syndrome, a ɛyɛ bere a mogya a ɛtɔ dodo no sɛe wo pituitary gland no.

Nsɛnnennen afoforo a ɛtaa ba ne mogya a ɛsan tu ne nsɛnnennen a ɛbata ayaresabea a wɔde obi kɔ ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, ntini a emu dɔ a ɛma mogya tu, ne ɔyare mmoawa).

Yɛn nipadua hia mogya na ama atra yɛn mogya ntini mu. Sɛ ɛtwetwe, titiriw sɛ ɛdɔɔso a, ebetumi de ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den aba. Sɛ ɛba mogyatɔw so a, ayaresa a wobɛkɔ ntɛm ara ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi mogya retu a wuntumi nni so, anaasɛ wususuw sɛ mogya retu wo wɔ wo mu a, nntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ ayaresabea.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Okay, me susu sɛ seesei woanya nteaseɛ pa wɔ deɛ yɛaka ho asɛm no ho, ``(Hemorrhage)'', a ɛkyerɛ mogya. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ mogya retu wo wɔ ɔkwan soronko so a, mmu w'ani ngu so kɛkɛ, nsusuw sɛ, "Oo, ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi kɛkɛ," na hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara.Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia mogya retu wo wɔ wo nipadua mu baabi (e.g., tiyɛ a emu yɛ den mpofirim, mogya a ɛfe, nsu tuntum) a, ɛno nso yɛ nokware, na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Kae sɛ, sɛ yenya ayaresa ntɛm a, yebetumi asiw tebea horow a emu yɛ den pii ano. Enti, hwɛ wo nipadua no yiye bere nyinaa. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw anaa adwenem naayɛ bi a, nsuro anaa ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woanya afotu. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` mogya a ɛtɔ, mogya a ɛtɔ, mogya a ɛtɔ, mogya a ɛba nipadua mu, mogya a ɛba akyi, mmoa a edi kan, sɛnkyerɛnne