So ɛhaw wo sɛ ebia wowɔ COVID-19? Momma yɛnsua COVID-19 Viral Testing ho ade!

Nna yi, ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ yɛrenka COVID-19 ho asɛm. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia wubesusuw sɛ, ‘Minnim sɛ manya eyi anaa,’ anaasɛ ebia w’adwene atu afra kakra bere a woate sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa ho asɛm awie no. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm tiawa. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom, anaasɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ yare no ahyia pɛn a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛyɛ COVID-19 nhwehwɛmu. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi ama wo ho atɔ wo sɛ wunni yare no, anaasɛ sɛ wunya bi a, wubetumi ahu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotwe wo ho fi afoforo ho kosi sɛ ebefi hɔ.

Dɛn ne viral tests a ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde bɛhunu COVID-19?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa mmoawa ho nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwehwɛ mmoawa nketenkete bi a ɛwɔ obi hwene anaa n’ano. Ɛne sɛ, wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia woanya ɔyare mmoawa no da a wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Ɛno nti na wɔsan frɛ wɔn ‘diagnostic tests’ no. Virus nhwehwɛmu ahorow abien titiriw na ɛwɔ hɔ. Momma yɛnka emu biara ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri.

Ɔkwan a edi kan: Molecular Tests – te sɛ PCR

Eyi ne ɔkwan a nnipa dodow no ara nim na wɔtaa ka ho asɛm, PCR nhwehwɛmu. Wɔsan frɛ no ``Nucleic Acid Amplification Test'' anaa ``(NAAT)''.

Dɛn ankasa na eyi rehwɛ?

Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ mmoawa no awosu mu nneɛma, kyerɛ sɛ, ɔfã a wɔfrɛ no `(RNA)` a mmoawa no awosu mu nsɛm wom. Fa no sɛ, sɛ mmoawa no te sɛ aboa ketewa bi a, saa `(RNA)` yi te sɛ aboa no ID krataa. Ɛnam saa `(RNA)` afã horow yi a wobehu so na wobetumi ahu pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ebia mmoawa no wɔ nipadua no mu anaasɛ enni hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, woyi aduru bi fi hwene mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔfa aduru bi fi hwene no mu (nasopharyngeal swab), anaasɛ wɔde fi hwene no anim (nasal swab). Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi nso afi ano, menewa (menewa mu aduru), anaa nnompe mu ayɛ. Wɔde saa nhwɛsode yi kɔma sɛ wɔnkɔsɔ nhwɛ.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na nea efi mu ba no aba?

Mpɛn pii no, wɔde saa nhwɛsode yi kɔ lab. Ɛdenam lab no adwuma dodow ne sɔhwɛ dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ so no, ebetumi agye da koro anaa abiɛsa, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkyɛn saa ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba. Nanso, molecule sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ hɔ, titiriw nea ɛte sɛ ``Point-of-Care NAAT'', a ebetumi ama nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm te sɛ dɔnhwerew biako anaa abien, ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ennu saa. Nanso mpɛn pii no, egye bere kakra.

Dɛn ne mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ kwan yi so?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ eyi so.

• Mfaso: Saa molecule sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye . Wei kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ obi wɔ mmoawa no kakraa bi pɛ wɔ ne hwene anaa ne menewam mpo a, saa nhwehwɛmu yi tumi hu. Susuw ho hwɛ, ebia obi benya mmoawa no kakraa bi wɔ ne nipadua mu wɔ yare no mfiase pɛɛ, anaa bere a wabɛn sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no no. Wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu mpo no, molecule nhwehwɛmu yi tumi hu mmoawa no. Enti, ɛyɛ adwuma yiye paa de hu mmoawa no wɔ yare no nyinaa mu.Eyi ne nea ebinom bu no sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ gyinapɛn a wɔde si COVID-19 so dua.

• Mfomso: Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa nkate a ɛkɔ soro yi betumi ayɛ ɔhaw. Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu? Bere a obi ho atɔ no afi yare no mu na ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ɔyare no ba afoforo so mpo akyi no, mmoawa asinasin a ɛnyɛ adwuma betumi atra hwene anaa ne menewa mu adapɛn pii. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa no awu, nanso ne asinasin da so ara wɔ nipadua no mu. Saa mmoawa asinasin a ɛnyɛ adwuma a ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa no nso, wobetumi de sɔhwɛ yi akyere wɔn. Afei, ebetumi ada adi sɛ ɛyɛ papa bere mpo a yare no ho atɔ no. Eyi betumi ama nnipa binom ahaw wɔn ho a ɛho nhia na wɔatwe wɔn ho afi afoforo ho bere tenten. Afei nso, wɔ obi a ɔpɛ sɛ ohu nea efii mu bae da koro no ara a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no fam no, nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ egye nna pii ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba no nso yɛ ɔhaw, titiriw sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔkɔ akwantu a egye ntɛmpɛ anaa wɔbɔ amanneɛ kɔ adwuma ntɛm a.

Ɔkwan a ɛto so abien: Antigen Tests – Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm a ɛma nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm!

Eyi ne nea yɛtaa frɛ no ‘sɔhwɛ a ɛba ntɛmntɛm’. Wɔfrɛ no saa efisɛ ɛma nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtaa nya eyinom sɛ kits a wobetumi ayɛ wɔ fie.

Dɛn na worehwehwɛ wɔ eyi mu?

Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi hwɛ protein asinasin a ɛwɔ mmoawa no ani (virus surface proteins). Fa no sɛ, sɛ mmoawa bi te sɛ akisikuru a, eyi te sɛ nea worehwɛ agyiraehyɛde soronko a ɛwɔ saa akisikuru no honam ani. Sɛ protein asinasin yi wɔ hɔ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ mmoawa no wɔ nipadua no mu.

Woyɛ dɛn yɛ eyi?

Wɔ antigen nhwehwɛmu mu no, wɔtaa yi swab fi hwene anaa menewa mu. Sɛ wɔyɛ antigen nhwehwɛmu ntɛmntɛm wɔ fie a, wɔtaa yi nhwɛsode no fi hwene no anim. Ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nea wode bɛhyɛ hwene mu de ayɛ molecule sɔhwɛ no.

Bere tenten ahe na ebegye ansa na nea ebefi mu aba no aba?

Ade titiriw a ɛwɔ eyi ho ne sɛ wubetumi anya nea efi mu ba no wɔ hɔ ara wɔ beae a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ no, wɔ simma 15 kosi 30 pɛ mu. Ɛno nti na eyinom ho wɔ mfaso kɛse wɔ tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ mu no.

So eyi ho afã horow a eye ne nea enye wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, momma yɛnhwɛ ɛno nso mu.

• Mfaso: Mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ antigen nhwehwɛmu so ne sɛ ɛma wonya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm . Fa no sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ sukuu, adwumayɛbea, anaa ɔkyena kɔ dwumadi bi ase. Afei wubetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi nnɛ na woahu ntɛm ara sɛ ebia woanya ɔyare mmoawa no anaasɛ ɛnte saa. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubesi gyinae sɛ ebia wubetumi akɔ saa dwumadi no ase dwoodwoo anaa.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ antigen nhwehwɛmu yɛ adwuma yiye de hu sɛ ebia obi wɔ ɔyare mmoawa anaa. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nnipa a wɔyare mmoawa no taa nya mmoawa pii wɔ wɔn hwene ne wɔn menewam. Enti, bere a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ molecule nhwehwɛmu no, antigen nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu mmoawa dodow yi.

• Ɔfã bɔne (nneɛma a enye): .Saa antigen nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse te sɛ molecule nhwehwɛmu ahorow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Wei kyerε sε, sεdeε εbεyε na woahunu sε woanya virus no, εhia sε wonya virus no dodoɔ bi wɔ wo nipadua mu. Sɛ wowɔ mmoawa no kakraa bi pɛ a , ebia sɔhwɛ yi rennye. Wei kyerε sε, sε wo nhwehwε mu nsεmfua bi mpo a, sε w’anya yareε no ho nsεnkyerεnneε a, εrentumi nsi 100% sε wonni COVID-19, titire wɔ yareε no mfitiaseε nna mu.

Enti, ɛtɔ da bi mpo sɛ antigen nhwehwɛmu a edi kan no anhu mmoawa no (false negative), sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow anaasɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, eye sɛ wobɛsan ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bio wɔ da koro anaa nnanu mu. Anaasɛ wubetumi nso asusuw ho sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔyɛ molecule nhwehwɛmu te sɛ PCR. Efisɛ, sɛ woanya mmoawa no ampa a, ebia wɔrentumi mfa antigen nhwehwɛmu no nhu mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ nna kakraa a edi kan no mu efisɛ mmoawa dodow no sua. Nanso da koro anaa nnanu akyi no, mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ hwene ne menewa mu no kɔ soro. Ɛte sɛ ogya ketewaa bi a ɛreyɛ kɛse. Afei ɛda adi sɛ antigen nhwehwɛmu no betumi ahu. Sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobedu nsɛm a ɛnteɛ ho no so.

Enti, nkrasɛm a etwa to a wɔde kɔ fie:

Okay, enti yɛaka COVID-19 virus nhwehwɛmu ahodoɔ mmienu ho asɛm akɔ akyiri. Biako ne molecule nhwehwɛmu te sɛ PCR , na biako nso yɛ antigen nhwehwɛmu a ɛma wonya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm .

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, ‘Enti emu nea ɛwɔ he na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?’ Nokwarem no, egyina w’ahiade ahorow, sɛnea wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te, sɛnea wopɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm, ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ma wɔn a wo ne wɔn bɔ no so.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfoɔ afotuo sɛ wowɔ COVID-19 ho sɛnkyerɛnne (te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔfe, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, nipadua mu yaw, wo dɛ anaa wo te huam), anaa sɛ wosusu sɛ ebia wo ne obi a ɔwɔ yareɛ no adi nkitaho a.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi ate wo tebea no ase na wakyerɛkyerɛ biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa sɔhwɛ no ho, sɛnea wobɛyɛ, ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ bere a nea afi mu aba no asan aba no mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina nea afi mu aba so akyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu biako na afei woayɛ foforo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow nanso wo antigen nhwehwɛmu no nyɛ papa a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ PCR nhwehwɛmu.

Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛn nyinaa hwɛ yiye wɔ ɔyaredɔm tebea yi ho. Ɛnyɛ wo ho nko na ɛho hia sɛ wususuw ho, na mmom w’abusua, nnamfo, ne mfɛfo adwumayɛfo nso na woyɛ w’ade wɔ asɛyɛde mu. Fa ahofadi ne wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkasa akyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mfasoɔ ama wo anaa w’abusua mu obi sɛ wɔbɛyɛ COVID-19 nhwehwɛmu anaa. Afei wubenya akwankyerɛ a ɛfata. Kae sɛ nsɛm a ɛfata a wubehu no ne ahoɔden a ɛsen biara wɔ mmere a ɛte sɛɛ mu.

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