Hena ne saa Ahurututu Ho Ɔbenfo yi? Momma yɛnkasa nkɔ akyiri!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kakra? Anaasɛ wowɔ ɔfe a ɛrenkɔ? Ebia wo moma so ayɛ wo den, wo ho ayɛ wo yaw, anaa biribi a ɛte saa. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom a, ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛno ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa ho, aka ``Pulmonologist''.

Hena ne saa ahurututu ho ɔbenfo yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Pulmonologist`` yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛfa ahurututu ho. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔwɔ ntease pa wɔ nyarewa a ɛba yɛn ``Ɔhome Nhyehyɛe`` mu – kyerɛ sɛ, mframa kwan (trachea, bronchi), mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu ``Alveoli``, ne mogya ntini a ɛbata ho.

Ebia woate sɛ nnipa binom frɛ saa nnuruyɛfo yi “ahurututu mu nnuruyɛfo,” “ɔhome ho animdefo,” anaa “koko mu nnuruyɛfo.” Nanso, edin ahorow yi nyinaa kyerɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw koro.

Dɛn na ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo yɛ?

Adwuma titiriw a ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo yɛ ne sɛ obehu ɔhome nhyehyɛe mu nyarewa ahorow pɛpɛɛpɛ na wasa. Nanso, saa afuw yi nso trɛw yiye. Enti, ahurututu ho animdefo binom ho akokwaw wɔ nnwuma nketewa afoforo mu.

Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Ɔhwɛ a Ɛho Hia: Nnuruyɛfo binom nya ntetee titiriw de sa ayarefo a wɔwɔ ɔhome mu haw a emu yɛ den yiye.
• Akisikuru: Wɔn bi wɔ hɔ a wɔasua akwan pɔtee bi a wɔfa so sa ayarefo a wɔwɔ ayamtu ho ade kɔ akyiri.
• Nna Ho Aduru: Ebia woate sɛ nkurɔfo refefe na wɔremene wɔn ahome bere a wɔada . Nnuruyɛfo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ tebea horow te sɛ ``Sleep Apnea'' a wɔsa mu.
• Mmofra Ahurututu Ho Nnuruyɛfo: Ne titiriw no, nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa ho wɔ mmofra a wonnii mfe 18 mu.
• Nkwakoraa ne mmerewa Ahurututu Ho Nnuruyɛfo: Nnuruyɛfo a wɔde wɔn adwene si ahurututu mu nyarewa so titiriw wɔ wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim, a wɔadi boro mfe 65 mu.

Tebea bɛn na ahurututu ho animdefo sa?

Ahurututu ho animdefo sa ɔhome mu nyarewa ne tebea horow pii. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu atitiriw no bi:

• Asbestosis a wɔde di dwuma
• Aspergillosis a ɛma obi nya ɔyare
• Akisikuru
• Ahurututu mu yare
• Bronchitis - Eyi nso yɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw nkyɛn.
• Beryllium Yare a Enni Sabea (Berylliosis) .
• Ahurututu mu Yare a Enni sabea (COPD): Eyi taa ba wɔn a wɔnom sigaret kɛse no mu.
• Fango Adwumayɛfo Pneumoconiosis - Ahurututu mu Yare Tuntum
• Cystic Fibrosis a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
• Emphysema - Eyi nso yɛ COPD fã.
• Ahurututu mu Yare a Ɛwɔ Ntam
• Ɔhome mu ahokyere esiane COVID a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ nti
• Ahurututu mu Kokoram
• Ahurututu mu Ntini a Ɛkɔ So
• Sarcoidosis a ɛma obi nya ɔyare
• Silicosis a ɛma obi nya ɔyare
• Dae mu ahomegye a ɛyɛ den
• Nsanyare a ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw

Saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nni mũ, nanso eyinom yɛ tebea horow a ɛtaa ba no bi.

Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, nea ɔhwɛ wo titiriw no de wo bɛkɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wosusuw sɛ wowɔ ɔhome mu yare bi a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Ɔfe a Enni Saa: Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn kakraa bi no yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den: Bere a ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ tiaa bere a woabɔ mmɔden kakra no, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa mpo a, ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm.
• Asthma a ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse (Asthma Attacks): Sɛ wo ayamtu no yɛ nea wontumi nni so na ɛtaa ba a.
• Koko mu yaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den: Eyi betumi ayɛ komayare ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nanso ebetumi afi ahurututu mu haw bi nso.
• Ahomegye yɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ abɛn a efi koko mu ba.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi da nna mu ahomegye: Sɛ nhwɛso no, awiabere a ɔda dodo ne ahurututu a ano yɛ den.

Fa no sɛ, w’adamfo bi atɔ ɔfe asram pii, na ɛmfa ho sɛ ɔnom nnuru no, ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ yiye koraa. N’abusua oduruyɛfo de no akɔma oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ ahurututu mu yare. Ɛno ne bere a yehia mmoa titiriw yi.

Sɛ wokɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nea edi kan a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ eyi ne bere a edi kan a wobɛkɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm na afei wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Saa bere yi, mubetumi ne oduruyɛfo no asusuw nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ hɔ ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho.

Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ wubetumi asiesie wo ho kakra ansa na woakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, te sɛ nea woresua ade akɔyɛ sɔhwɛ. Nneɛma bi a wubetumi akyerɛw ato hɔ ni:

Nneɛma a wubetumi asiesie ansa na nhyiam no aba:

• Bere tenten ahe na woanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
• So woahyɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi a ɛkanyan wo a ebia ɛrema wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu ayɛ den no nsow ? (e.g. ɔhome mu nyarewa bi, .adwennwen, wim nsakrae ahorow bi).
• So nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma wo sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse ?
• So wonom sigaret? So woyɛ vape? Anaasɛ woayɛ saa bere bi a atwam?
• So ɛnam w’adwuma, w’anigyede, anaa baabi a wote no so nya nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew anaa nneɛma a ɛhyɛ w’ahurututu mu abufuw ? (e.g., wusiw a wɔde di dwuma, nnuru, aburow, mmoa mfuw, nnomaa).
• So obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa?
• So wowɔ nsɛm bi a wopɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no ? (Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubedi kan akyerɛw eyinom, anyɛ saa a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo werɛ befi.)

Dɛn na ebetumi asi wɔ nhyiam no awiei?

Bere a wo duruyɛfo ahwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu na wayɛ wo nhwehwɛmu awie no, obetumi:

• Wɔhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo pii.
• Yɛ nhyehyɛe kɔ nsrahwɛ a wobedi akyi.
• Ɔkamfo ayaresa ahorow kyerɛ anaasɛ ɔkyerɛw nnuru ma.
• Fa kɔ oduruyɛfo foforo nkyɛn (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wosusuw sɛ wo haw no fa komayare ho a).

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na ahurututu ho ɔyaresafo yɛ?

Ebia ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo bi bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow na aboa ma wɔahu wo tebea no na wɔapaw ayaresa a ɛfata sen biara. Eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom tumi hu nneɛma te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ne ahurututu mu nyarewa bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ chest X-ray anaa CT scans (Computed Tomography Scans): Eyinom betumi ahwɛ sɛnea ahurututu no te, ne sɛ ebia akisikuru anaa biribi foforo a ɛnteɛ wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Eyinom yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye ne mframa dodow a wubetumi akɔ mu na woafi mu.
• Spirometry: Eyi nso yɛ PFT. Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wohom ntɛmntɛm ne mframa dodow a wohome na wufi mu. Eyi ho hia yiye ma nyarewa te sɛ ayamtu ne COPD a wobehu.
• Bronchoscopy: Sɔhwɛ a wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a mfoninitwa afiri wom fa mframa afiri no mu kɔhwɛ ahurututu no mu. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi de saa adeyɛ yi nso agye ntini nhwɛsode (biopsies).
• Dae Ho Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hu sɛ ebia tebea horow te sɛ Dae mu Ahomegye wɔ hɔ ankasa anaa.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔsan yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi anaasɛ ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo de si nea efi mu ba no so dua. Mma ɛnhaw wo wɔ saa asɛm no ho, ne nyinaa fa ayaresa a eye sen biara a wɔbɛma wo ho.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Ɔhome Ho Oduruyɛfo ne Ahurututu Ho Oduruyɛfo ntam?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no ɔkwan biara so a, saa baanu yi yɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw koro. Ɛne sɛ, `Ahurututu ho ɔyaresafo`. Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ yɛka sɛ `Ɔhome Oduruyɛfo` a, ebetumi nso akyerɛ obi te sɛ `Ɔhome mu Ɔyaresafo`, `Allergist`, anaa `Thoracic Surgeon`. Eyinom nyinaa yɛ nnipa a wɔboa ma wodi ahurututu ne ɔhome mu nyarewa ahorow ho dwuma.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ komayare ho oduruyɛfo ne ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo ntam?

Nsonsonoe no wɔ adwuma titiriw a wɔyɛ no mu. Koma Ho Ɔbenfo yɛ obi a ɔyɛ koma ne koma ne ntini mu nyarewa ho ɔbenfo. Ɔkwan foforo so no, Pulmonologist yɛ obi a onim ahurututu ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe mu nyarewa ho ɔbenfo.

Nanso susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn koma ne yɛn ahurututu yɛ akwaa abien a ɛbom yɛ adwuma yiye. Enti, sɛ wowɔ tebea bi te sɛ `(Pulmonary Hypertension)` (ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso) a, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ koma ho oduruyɛfo ne ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nyinaa nkyɛn. Efisɛ wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, ɛka koma ne ahurututu no nyinaa.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ ahurututu ho ɔyaresafo?

Ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo a wobɛyɛ no nyɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Egye mfe pii nhomasua ne ntetee a mfaso wɔ so . Sɛ wowie wo MBBS a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ postgraduate ntetee wɔ Internal Medicine mu. Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ fellowship wɔ Pulmonology mu. Nnipa binom nso tete wɔn ho wɔ nnwuma nketewa afoforo te sɛ aduruyɛ a egye ntɛmpɛ mu. Eyi yɛ akwantu tenten na egye ahofama pii.

Awiei koraa no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara!

Mpɛn pii no, yensusuw ahome ho mpo, ɛnte saa? Nanso, ɛyɛ bere a yɛwɔ ɔhaw ketewaa bi nkutoo na yehu mfaso a ɛwɔ so. Sɛ wofe a ɛkɔ so daa, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahome mu te sɛ kan no a, ɔhome mu nyarewa betumi anya yɛn asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa tebea horow yi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm na ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa. Nanso, sɛ wohu tebea horow bi yiye na wɔsa a, wobetumi adi tebea horow bi ho dwuma yiye.

Ɛhɔ na ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo ba Wɔwɔ ntetee titiriw a wɔde bɛte sɛnea wo home nhyehyɛe yɛ adwuma ne nea ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔfe ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa ba no ase. Wobetumi aboa wo ma woadi wo tebea horow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no ho dwuma na ama w’asetra ayɛ mmerɛw kakra.

Sɛ wunnim sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, bisa w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo foforo a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso sɛ ɔmma wo afotu. Wɔbɛtumi akyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Kae sɛ ahurututu a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden ho hia na ama obi anya apɔwmuden!

`Ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo, ahurututu ho ɔbenfo, ɔhome mu nyarewa, ɔfe, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, ayamtu, COPD