So wunim asetra mu nneɛma a ɛka w’akwahosan yi ho asɛm? (Asetra mu Nneɛma a Ɛkyerɛ Akwahosan - SDOH)

Yɛn nyinaa kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere a yɛyare no. Afei yɛka yɛn yare ne nnuruyɛ ho asɛm. Nanso so woasusuw sɛnea wo sikasɛm mu nsɛnnennen, tebea a wote mu, ne nhomasua a wunya no ka w’akwahosan ho pɛn? Ɛnonom ne nneɛma a ɛnyɛ aduruyɛ a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ, nanso ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ yɛn akwahosan so.

Dɛn ne asetra mu nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan (SDOH) yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, asetra mu nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan ne w’ankasa, asetra, ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia a ɛka w’akwahosan ne wo yiyedi. Eyinom bi ne nneɛma te sɛ sika a wunya, baabi a wote, ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ. Nokwarem no, eyinom betumi ayɛ w’asetra mu nneɛma a ɛnyɛ aduruyɛ. Ebia wo ne oduruyɛfo renkasa mfa saa nneɛma yi ho mpo efisɛ wunnim sɛnea ebia ɛne yare wɔ abusuabɔ.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan wɔ asetra mu (SDOH) yi nyɛ nea ɛfa w’akwahosan ho nko, na mmom ebetumi akyerɛ w’akwahosan ankasa . Ɛne sɛ, ɛka hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa bi (yɛfrɛ no asiane), ayaresa a wonya, ne sɛnea wote nka sɛ wo ho ye da biara da.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, sɛ wowɔ sika a ɛyɛ den, akwahosan ho insurance a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma wo sɛ wobɛtɔ aduan pa a ahoɔden wom, kɔ akwahosan mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛ wowɔ kar a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw dɛn sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, na woagye nnuru afi nnurutɔnbea hɔ?

Nanso, wɔ obi a ɔyɛ adwuma a ontua akwamma akatua, anaasɛ ɔte baabi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a sotɔɔ pa anaa bɔs mpo nni mu no, ɛyɛ den dɛn sɛ ɔbɛtɔ nhabannuru ne nnuaba bi adi na wakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ bere ano?

Dɛn ne nhwɛso ahorow a ɛfa asetra mu nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan (SDOH) ho?

Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Wo sika a wonya.
• Wo nhomasua gyinabea.
• Adwuma a woyɛ ne mfasoɔ a ɛde ma - te sɛ akwahosan ho insurance ne akwamma a wotua ho ka.
• Nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia - mmeae a wobɛnya aduane a ahoɔden wom, ɔmanfoɔ kar, ne mmofra hwɛ.
• Ahobammɔ a wote nka wɔ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu.
• Ayaresabea ahorow no kodu he?
• Mframa a wohome ne nsu a wonom no tebea.
• Wo ne w’abusuafo ne wo nnamfo ntam abusuabɔ.

Eyinom yɛ nhwɛso kakraa bi pɛ. Saa SDOH ahorow yi wɔ baabiara a wote, woyɛ adwuma, na wobɔ fekuw. Nhwehwɛmufo akyekyɛ mu akuw atitiriw anum na ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛte ase. Sɛnea U.S. Akwahosan ne Nnipa Nnwuma Dwumadibea kyerɛ no, saa akuw anum yi ne:

1. Sikasɛm mu ahotɔ: Nsɛm a ɛfa sika dodow a wunya ne sɛ ebia saa sika no dɔɔso a wode bedi w’abusua akwahosan ne ahiade afoforo ho dwuma.

2. Nhomasua a wobenya ne nea ɛyɛ papa: Nhomasua a wunya ne sɛnea ɛne w’adesua ahiade hyia yiye (a nea ɛfa ɔkwan a w’amemene no yɛ adwuma ho ka ho).

3. 3. .Akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe a wobenya ne nea ɛyɛ papa: Ayaresa ho dwumadie a wo nsa ka ne baabi a ɛdi wo nipadua ne adwene mu akwahosan ahiadeɛ ho dwuma.

4. Mpɔtam ne nneɛma a wɔasisi: Nneɛma a ɛfa beaeɛ a wote no ho - nneɛma te sɛ nneɛma a ɛboa wo akwahosan ne ahobanbɔ.

5. Asetra ne mpɔtam hɔ nsɛm: Wo ne abusua, nnamfo, adwuma mfɛfo adwumayɛfo, ne afoforo a wɔwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ntam abusuabɔ.

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ saa nneɛma yi nyinaa wɔ abusuabɔ na ɛka wɔn ho wɔn ho. S nhw so no, ohia ka w'asetena mu biribiara - efi dee wodi so kosi baabi a wote so kosi ahomegye a wo nsa ka. Sɛ wowɔ mmofra nkumaa a, mmofra hwɛ a ne bo nyɛ den a wunni no betumi aka sɛnea wubetumi akɔ adwuma. Ɛyɛ den dɛn sɛ wobɛkɔ sotɔɔ a wɔtɔn nnuan mu anaasɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ beae a ɔmanfo kar anaa akwan a wɔfa so nantew nni hɔ?

Ɔkwan foforɔ so no, saa asetena mu nneɛma a ɛka akwahosan yi nni hɔ wɔ baabi a atew ne ho - sɛ mpo baako anaa mmienu yɛ akwansideɛ a, ɛbɛtumi aka w’abrabɔ ne w’akwahosan te sɛ nhama a ɛwɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu.

Saa nneɛma yi ka wo dɛn? Momma yensusuw ho kakra.

Enti, dɛn na eyi nyinaa ka kyerɛ wo? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu SDOH ahorow a ɛrenya w’asetra so nkɛntɛnso? Susuw nsɛmmisa a ɛwɔ ase ha no ho. Wɔahyehyɛ eyinom sɛnea SDOH akuw a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no te. Ɛsɛ sɛ wutumi bua "yiw" wɔ nsɛmmisa yi nyinaa ho. Kyerɛw nsɛmmisa a wubua "dabi" no nsow. Eyinom yɛ nsɛmti a ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wo ne w’adamfo, ɔfotufo, anaa oduruyɛfo susuw ho.

1. Momma yensusuw sikasɛm mu ahotɔ ho kakra?

• So wowɔ sika a ɛdɔɔso a wode bɛtɔ nnuan ne anonne a ahoɔden wom?
• So wubetumi atua sika de atua ayaresa ho ka, te sɛ oduruyɛfo a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ ne nnuru a wobɛkɔ?
• So wowɔ sika a wode betua dan ka anaasɛ wode besi dan?
• So wowɔ sika a ɛdɔɔso a wode betua ka afoforo te sɛ anyinam ahoɔden ne nsu?
• So wubetumi anya akwan a ɛho ka sua a wobɛfa so ahwɛ wo mma?
• Wususuw sɛ w’adwuma no gyina pintinn?
• So wowɔ akwahosan ho insurance a efi w’adwumam?
• So w’adwumam de akwamma a wotua ho ka ma?
• Sɛ wunni adwuma a, so nhyehyɛe ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woanya adwuma?
• So wowɔ hokwan sɛ wubenya adwuma ho akwankyerɛ?

2. Dɛn na wususuw wɔ nhomasua a wobenya ne nea ɛyɛ papa ho?

Wɔ eyi mu no, ɛboa kɛse sɛ wubesusuw hokwan ahorow a wo ba no wɔ (mprempren ne daakye nyinaa) ho, nanso wubetumi asusuw w’ankasa wo bere a atwam anaa mprempren nhomasua mu osuahu ahorow nso ho.

• So wo ba betumi anya sukuu nhomasua pa?
• So wubetumi ayɛ wo ba no ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem sɛ ɔrewie sukuu?
• So mmeae bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛboa wɔ wo ba no ahiade soronko ho (e.g. adesua mu dɛmdi anaa adwene mu dɛmdi)?
• So w’abusua wɔ sika a wɔde bɛma wo ba akɔ sukuupɔn anaa adwumayɛ ho ntetee sukuu?
• So wo ba ne ne nnamfo wɔ abusuabɔ pa wɔ sukuu mu?

3. Ɔkwan bɛn so na akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe a wobenya ne nea ɛyɛ papa?

• So wowɔ akwahosan ho insurance?
• So insurance soronko wɔ hɔ ma nnuru?
• So insurance wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa wɔn sẽ?
• So wowɔ abusua oduruyɛfo bi a wokɔ ne nkyɛn daa?
• So wote nea wo duruyɛfo rekyerɛkyerɛ mu no ase?
• So wote nka sɛ wo ho tɔ wo sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛka wo nkate ho asɛm?
• So wubetumi anya nsɛm a ɛfa akwahosan ho na woate ase?
• So wubetumi anya w’aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ?
• So wowɔ kwan kɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde siw nyarewa a wonya fi nna mu (STI) ne kokoram ano?
• So wutumi nya ayaresa a wuhia ma wo nyarewa no?
• So wowɔ ɔkwan bi a wobɛfa so akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

4. Dɛn na wususuw wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔasisi no ho?

• So ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkɔ sotɔɔ a wɔtɔn nnuan a nneɛma pii wom mu?
• So ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma wo sɛ wobɛkɔ gua so anaa baabi foforo a wubetumi atɔ nnuaba ne nhabannuru a wɔayɛ no foforo?
• So wowɔ intanɛt?
• So wote nka sɛ wowɔ ahobammɔ wɔ wo fie?
• So wote nka sɛ wowɔ ahobammɔ wɔ mmeae a atwa wo ho ahyia?
• So akwan a wɔfa so nantew wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ?
• So akwan a ɛsono emu biara wɔ hɔ a wɔde sakre tu kwan?
• So fluoride wɔ wo tap nsu mu? (Ɛyɛ papa ma wo sẽ)
• So ofie a wote mu no bo yɛ den? (Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛboro wo sika a wonya no mu 30%)
• So nneɛma a awuduru wom te sɛ kɔbere nni wo fie?
• So wo borɔn so yɛ dinn sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ada?
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛnantew a, so ɔdan a wowɔ mu no wɔ nneɛma a wɔde bɛyɛ saa (e.g. ramps anaa elevators)?

5. Asetra ne mpɔtam hɔfo ntam abusuabɔ te dɛn?

• So wowɔ abusuafo ne/anaasɛ nnamfo a wɔboa wo na wɔhyɛ wo nkuran?
• So wode wo ho hyɛ fekubɔ kuw bi mu, te sɛ asɔredan, asɔre, atuhoama kuw, anaa mmepɔw so foro kuw?
• So wowɔ obi a wo ne no bɛkasa bere a w’awerɛhow anaa wohyia ɔhaw?
• So obi wɔ hɔ a ɔbɛboa wo wɔ w’ahiade atitiriw ho bere a worenya ahoɔden afi ayaresabea a wobɛtra anaa oprehyɛn mu no?
• So wowɔ nneɛma a wode bɛhwɛ wo mma anaa afoforo a wɔhwɛ wo?
• So wote nka sɛ wɔagye wo fɛw so wɔ w’adwumam?
• So wote nka sɛ wɔagye wo fɛw so wɔ mmeae a atwa wo ho ahyia?
• So wotaa te nka sɛ wo ne afoforo wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse sen sɛ wobɛyɛ ankonam?

Dɛn nti na nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan wɔ asetra mu (SDOH) ho hia?

Saa SDOH nsɛm yi ho hia paa.Ɛyɛ saa, efisɛ wobetumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa ahorow no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ atew. Ɛno nso betumi aka wo nkwa nna. SDOH nya saa tumi yi efisɛ wonya ɔkwan a w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm yɛ adwuma ne gyinaesi ahorow a wusi da biara da no so nkɛntɛnso. Momma yɛnhwɛ eyi mu nkɔ akyiri kakra.

SDOH ne wo awosu mu nkwaadɔm

Wo awosu mu nkwaadɔm ka asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wubenya awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae (te sɛ nsakrae a ɛba BRCA1 anaa BRCA2 awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu) a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya tebea te sɛ kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Anaasɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya komayare esiane sɛ w’abusua anya komayare dedaw nti.

Nanso awosu mu nsakrae a wonya fi awo mu no yɛ asɛm no fã biako pɛ. Mprempren nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ adwuma bi a wɔfrɛ no ``epigenetics`` mu rehu sɛnea nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no ka ɔkwan a w'awosu mu nkwaadɔm fa so yɛ adwuma no. Yɛrehu sɛnea biribiara fi sɛnea wɔtetee wo sɛ abofra so kosi mframa a wohome no su so no betumi ama awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi ``ayɛ adwuma`` anaasɛ ``dum``.

Saa ``epigenetic'' nsakraeɛ yi ne ``genetic mutations'' nyɛ pɛ - wo ``DNA'' ntoatoasoɔ no yɛ pɛ. Nanso w’awosu ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛte sɛ nea kanea a ɛwɔ akanea no mu nanso obiara nni hɔ a ɔbɛsɔ.

Awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔadan anaasɛ wodum bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no betumi de nsakrae ahorow a epira nyinaa aba wo nipadua mu. Tumor nyin yɛ nhwɛso biako. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ asetra mu nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan (SDOH), te sɛ asetra mu abusuabɔ ne awuduru a ɛwɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu no betumi anya w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm so nkɛntɛnso—wo afã horow mpo a wususuwii sɛ ɛrensesa da.

SDOH ne wo gyinaesi ahorow

Wɔ w’awosu akyi no, nneɛma a wopaw no nso ka asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare no. Worentumi nsakra asiane ahorow a wunya fi awo mu no. Nanso nim a wunim sɛ wowɔ asiane mu no betumi aboa wo ma woasisi gyinae ahorow bi - te sɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ, aduan a ahoɔden wom a wobɛfa (te sɛ Mediterranea Adidi), anaasɛ wo mogya mmoroso a wobɛhwɛ daa. Saa nneɛma yi a wobɛyɛ no betumi aboa wo ma woatew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa bi so, anaasɛ ɛbɛma hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubenya ayaresa ntɛm na wo ho atɔ wo no ayɛ kɛse.

Nanso so w’ankasa wubetumi asi saa gyinae no ankasa? Mpɛn pii no, wuntumi nyɛ saa. Ebia akwanside ahorow bɛba wo kwan so, te sɛ kar a wunni a wode bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaa sika a wunni a wode bɛtɔ aduan a ahoɔden wom. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɔpɛ a obi wɔ ara kwa no nnɔɔso.

Ade a eye sen biara ne sɛ obiara benya nneɛma a ɛkorɔn ne hokwan ahorow a ɛbɛboa no ma wahwɛ n’akwahosan so. Yɛnnya nnya mmaa hɔ, nanso sɛnea asetra mu nneɛma a ɛka akwahosan ka wo no a wubehu no ne anammɔn a edi kan a wobɛfa so adu saa botae no ho. Nnuruyɛfo de nnwinnade ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu di dwuma de hwehwɛ sɛnea SDOH ka wo ne nea wubetumi ayɛ de aboa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu SDOH yi ho asɛm?

SDOH nhwehwɛmu nnwinnade yɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa nsɛmmisa nkrataa a wohyehyɛ ansa na woakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi ahyehyɛ dijitaal kratasin ansa na woakɔ w’abusua oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Krataa no bisa w'asetena mu nneɛma ahodoɔ ho asɛm - te sɛ wo dan, abusuabɔ, ne aduane ne nsuo a wobɛnya. Ebia nsɛmmisa no te sɛ nsɛmmisa a edi kan wɔ asɛm yi mu no. Sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ebia ɔne wo bɛbɔ wo mmuae ho nkɔmmɔ.

Dodow a wubue w’ani kyerɛ wo haw ahorow no, dodow no ara na wo duruyɛfo no betumi aboa wo. Ebia obetumi ne wo akasa afa wo haw ano aduru ho anaasɛ ɔde wo bɛkɔ nneɛma a egyina mpɔtam hɔ so. Ebia biribi wɔ w’asetra mu a kratasin no nka ho asɛm. Sɛ saa a, ka ho asɛm bere a worekɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn no. Sɛ wo duruyɛfoɔ ntumi mmoa wɔ ɔhaw pɔtee bi ho a, ɔbɛtumi de wo akɔma obi a ɔbɛtumi.

So tebea horow yi betumi asesa?

Asetra mu nneɛma a ɛka akwahosan fi ase ka wo fi bere a wɔwoo wo no, na ɛkɔ so hyehyɛ w’akwahosan bere a worenyin no. Nneɛma bi betumi asesa bere a bere kɔ so no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wubenya sika a egyina pintinn bere tiaa bi na afei w’adwuma afi wo nsa mpofirim. Anaasɛ wobɛtumi atu afiri beaeɛ a bɔs akwan pa ne akwan a wɔfa so nantew akɔ beaeɛ a ahobanbɔ nni mu na wontumi nkɔ hɔ a kar nni hɔ - ebia mpo wuntumi ntɔ bi. Nneɛma a kan no na ɛboa w’akwahosan betumi afi ase apira w’akwahosan mpofirim.

Nanso nneɛma betumi akɔ ɔkwan foforo so nso. Wubetumi akɔ mfe pii a wunni akwahosan ho insurance anaasɛ akwamma a wotua ho ka na mpofirim ara woanya adwuma a ɛma abien no nyinaa - na awiei koraa no wubetumi atu akɔ ofie bi a ɛwɔ abɔnten a ɛhɔ yɛ dinn a wubetumi ada yiye mu. Asetra yɛ beae a ɛsakra, na nneɛma a ɛka w’akwahosan nyɛ bere nyinaa sɛnea wususuw no, na ebetumi asesa.

Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ akwanside ahorow a wuhyia mprempren no tra hɔ daa. Sɛ wo nni nneɛma a wode bɛboa w’akwahosan ho a, wo ne oduruyɛfoɔ nkasa anaa wo ne mpɔtam hɔ kuo bi nni nkitaho - te sɛ asɔre, asɔredan, anaa ahyehyɛdeɛ a wɔnyɛ adwuma a wɔde hwehwɛ mfasoɔ - a wɔbɛtumi de afotuo ne mmoa ama, na wɔde wo akyerɛ afoforɔ a wɔbɛtumi aboa.

Dɛn ne nkrasɛm a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie?

Enti, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte ase fi eyinom nyinaa mu ne sɛ asetra, sikasɛm, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia tebea horow (SDOH) a yɛte mu, ne nnuru nso nya yɛn akwahosan so nkɛntɛnso kɛse .

• Anamɔn a edi kan ne sɛ yebehu nea saa SDOH ahorow yi yɛ ne sɛnea ɛka yɛn.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa te sɛ eyinom a, nsuro sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo anaa obi a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso bɛka ho asɛm.
• Mpɛn pii no, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so asesa saa tebea horow yi na woanya mmoa. Ɛho nhia sɛ wo nkutoo wuhu amane.
• Ayaresabea pa ne asetra pa ho hia na ama obi anya apɔwmuden.

Enti, sɛ wususuw w’akwahosan ho a, susuw asetra mu nsɛm yi nso ho. Ɛbɛboa wo ma woanya apɔwmuden na w’ani agye!

` Akwahosan, asetena mu nneɛma, sikasɛm mu ahotɔ, nhomasua, akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia, asetra mu abusuabɔ