Momma yɛnhwehwɛ Specific Gravity a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu no ho asɛm. Dɛn nti na eyi ho hia ma asaabo akwahosan?

Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nsuo mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den koraa a ɛbɛtumi aboa wo ama woahunu sɛdeɛ w’asaabo reyɛ adwuma yie ho asɛm. Eyi ne nea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no "Specific Gravity of Urine" sɔhwɛ. Ebia woate ho asɛm pɛn. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea sɔhwɛ yi yɛ ankasa, sɛnea wɔyɛ no, ne nea yebetumi asua afi nea efi mu ba no mu.

Dɛn ne nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛnea wo nsu no mu duru pɔtee no susuw sɛnea w’asaabo rekura nsu a ɛkari pɛ wɔ wo nipadua mu na ɛreyi nneɛma a wɔsɛe no a wompɛ (i.e. nnuru nketenkete) afi wo mogya mu no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wo nsu no mu yɛ duru tẽẽ bere a wɔde toto nsu a ɛfata ho no.

Fa no sɛ, ebia nneɛma a wɔsɛe no yi wɔ wo nsu mu:

• Urea: Urea yɛ ade a ɛba bere a nipadua no bubu protein a yedi no mu.
• Uric acid: Eyi ba bere a yɛn nipadua no bubu nnuru a wɔfrɛ no purines no. Purines yɛ nnuru a ɛwɔ abɔde mu a ɛwɔ nnuan te sɛ nam, mpataa, ne beer mu.
• Nkyene (titiriw sodium): Nkyene wɔ nnuan pii a yedi mu, ne nnuru bi mu. Wɔboa ankasa ma nneɛma afoforo a ɛwɔ mogya no mu kari pɛ na ɛde aduannuru kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa.
• Amino acids: Eyinom ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛkyekye protein ahorow.

Afei, tumi pɔtee a ɛtwe ade ba fam wɔ wo nsu mu a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsu pii wɔ wo nsu mu dodo. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nsu no mu ayɛ mmerɛw, na ebia worenom nsu pii. Ɔkwan foforo so no, tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee a ɛkɔ soro kyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔsɛe no pii wɔ nsu no mu dodo, na nsu no mu yɛ den. Ebia eyi fi nsu a ɛho ayɛ fĩ.

Nanso, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi sesa a egyina nsu dodow a wɔde di dwuma so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee yi nso betumi asesa esiane aduruyɛ tebea bi a ɛka asaabo no nti.

Saa ``Specific Gravity of Urine'' sɔhwɛ yi nso wɔde din afoforo pii frɛ no. Ebia wo duruyɛfo de edin ahorow yi mu biako bedi dwuma:

• Nsu mu dodow ho nhwehwɛmu
• Nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee
• Nsuo mu nsuo SG
• SG nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
• Nneɛma pɔtee a ɛtwe ade ba fam a wɔde yɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
• Nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee ho sɔhwɛ
• Nsu a ɛyɛ den
• Nsuo a wɔde hyɛ mu ho sɔhwɛ
• Nsu a wonnya ho sɔhwɛ

Dɛn na sɛnea nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee no ka kyerɛ yɛn?

Saa sɔhwɛ yi kyerɛ sɛnea nnuru nketenkete a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu nyinaa dɔɔso.

Dɛn ne nea enti a wo nsu no yɛ mmerɛw (low specific gravity) a?

• Nsu pii a wɔnom:Nnipa binom nom nsu pii esiane wɔn su nti.
• Asikreyare Insipidus yɛ tebea a nipadua no ntumi nyɛ hormone `(Vasopressin)` (a wɔsan frɛ no `(Antidiuretic Hormone)` anaa `(ADH)`) a ɛdɔɔso, anaasɛ asaabo no ntumi nyɛ ho hwee yiye. Saa hormone yi na ɛhwɛ nsu dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu so.
• Asaabo mu yareɛ: Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, `(Pyelonephritis)`.
• Asaabo mu Yare a Enni sabea (CKD): Asaabo no dwumadi a ɛnkɔ yiye bere a bere kɔ so no.
• Asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ wo nsu no yɛ kɛse (high specific gravity) a, dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

• Nsu a ɛho ntew: Nsu a ɛnsɛ awiabere.
• Ɔfe: Sɛ wokɔ so fe a, nsu pii fi wo nipadua mu.
• Atiridiinini: Saa ara na ɛte wɔ nsu a ɛho ayɛ hare ho.
• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) a ɛba nipadua no mu dodo: Wɔfrɛ eyi Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH).
• Mogya a ɛnkɔ asaabo no mu sɛnea ɛsɛ: Sɛ nhwɛso no, `(Prerenal azotemia)`.
• Adrenal glands a entumi nyɛ hormone a ɛdɔɔso: Wɔsan frɛ eyi ``Addison yare''.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ saa nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam ho nhwehwɛmu yi?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi susuw sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ w'asaabo a ɛkari pɛ wɔ nsu dodow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu anaasɛ ɛyi nneɛma fĩ fi wo mogya mu a, ebia ɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ``Specific Gravity of Urine'' nhwehwɛmu.

Woyɛ dɛn yɛ sɔhwɛ yi? Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye!

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ara ne sɛ wode nsu a wode bɛkɔ no bɛhyɛ kuruwa a ɛho tew mu. Afei, oduruyɛfoɔ anaa obi a ɔwɔ lab no de ``Dipstick'' bɛhyɛ nhwɛsoɔ no mu. ``Dipstick'' yɛ plastic anaa krataa ketewa bi. Ɛwɔ nkwammoaa nketenkete a wɔde nnuru akata so. Saa nkwammoaa yi kɔla sesa a egyina sɛnea wo nsu no mu duru pɔtee so. Ɛno na ɛkyerɛ wo mfaso a ɛwɔ so.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛnya nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no, wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛtumi de wo nsuo nhwɛsoɔ no mu nsuo kakraa bi ahyɛ afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Refractometer.`` ``Refractometer`` yɛ aduruyɛ afiri a ɛkyerɛ hann dodoɔ a ɛfa wo nsuo mu. Sɛ wo nsuo yɛ nsuo kɛseɛ, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nsuo a, hann pii fa mu. Sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den kɛse, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den a, hann kakraa bi na ɛfa mu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ?

• Oduruyɛfo no bebisa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa ho asɛm na wabisa nsɛm pii nso.
• Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ aduru biara a wobɛnom (oduruyɛfo bi akyerɛw ama wo, woatɔ afi nnurutɔnbea, Ayurvedic nnuru, nhabannuru mpo) .Ɛho hia sɛ yɛka eyi ho asɛm efisɛ nnuru bi betumi aka nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba no. Enti ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae wɔn nom nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Nanso, nnyae nnuru biara a wobɛnom kosi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo.
• Sɛ nnansa yi ara wɔayɛ wo aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu biara (te sɛ MRI anaa CT scan) a wɔde nsonsonoe di dwuma a, ka ɛno nso kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo, efisɛ ebetumi aka nea efi mu ba no.
• Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ to nsu a wonom so bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 12 ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ wode nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu ma wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea anaa aduruyɛdan mu. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wode samina hohoro wo nsa yiye ansa na woatoto wo ho akɔ kuruwa no mu.

Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛtow wo ho wɔ fie akyi (nnipa binom yɛ saa, na wɔfrɛ no "shy bladder syndrome") a, di kan ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Wobetumi ama wo kuruwa de akɔ fie na wɔde nhwɛsode no ama wo, anaasɛ wɔde ɔkwan foforo a ɛbɛma wo ho atɔ wo ho nyansahyɛ ma.

Afei nso, sɛ worekɔ brayɛ mu a, ka saa nso, sɛnea brayɛ mu mogya nso betumi aka nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee no.

Sɛ wode nhwɛsode no ma wie a, nnuruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ wode yɛ.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ wode nsuo nhwɛsoɔ no ma wie a, aduruyɛ adwumayɛfoɔ no bɛyɛ ``Dipstick'' nhwehwɛmu ntɛm ara anaasɛ wɔde bɛkɔ lab sɛ wɔmfa ``Refractometer'' nhwehwɛ mu.

Dɛn na efi mu ba? Dɛn na wɔka kyerɛ yɛn?

Nsuo a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee no yɛ 1.0101 ne 1.030 (nsuo a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee no bɛyɛ 1.000).

• Sɛ wo nsuo no specific gravity nnu 1.0101 a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nsuo no yɛ nsuo dodo na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Sɛ wo nsuo mu tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam no boro 1.030 a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔsɛe no pii wɔ wo nsuo mu na ɛyɛ den.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no de `(Dipstick)` di dwuma a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wobetumi ahu nea efi mu ba no ntɛm ara. Nanso, sɛ wɔde `(Refractometer)` di dwuma a, ebetumi agye bere kakra.

Wɔtaa yɛ saa nsu mu tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam ho nhwehwɛmu yi de ka nsu mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii ho. Enti, wobɛka sɔhwɛ ahorow no nyinaa mu aba abom, mpɛn pii no wɔ adwuma da biako kosi abien mu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛfrɛ wo ma wabɛka nea afi mu aba no akyerɛ wo, anaasɛ wɔde kɔmputa so de bɛmena wo.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na woyɛ akyi?

Sɛ wo nsu mu tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama woahu nea ɛde ba ankasa. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi begyina sɛ ebia wo nsu no ayɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ne aduruyɛ tebea a wosusuw sɛ ɛwɔ mu no so. Ebia eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, `(Osmolality mogya mu nhwehwɛmu)`, `(Comprehensive Metabolic Panel - CMP)`, `(Mogya mu Urea Nitrogen - BUN) nhwehwɛmu`.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: `(MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging)`, `(CT scan - Computed Tomography scan)`, anaa `(Asaabo mu ultrasound)` a ɛfa asaabo no ho.
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu foforo pii.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Frɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ:

• Sɛ wo nsa nkaa wo sɔhwɛ no aba wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi a.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ wo nsu mu (te sɛ kɔla, hua, mpɛn dodow a ɛba).
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa nea afi mu aba no ho a.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ wobɛtow wo ho agu kuruwa mu a, ebetumi ayɛ fɛre ne aniwu kakra, nanso sɔhwɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no wo nsu a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee no yɛ ɔkwan a nnuruyɛfo fa so hu sɛnea w’asaabo reyɛ adwuma yiye no ntɛmntɛm a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ mu.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no boro nea wɔhwɛ kwan so a, wo duruyɛfo betumi asi gyinae ntɛm ara sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo anaasɛ wubefi ase sa wo yare.

Enti, bere a eyi wɔ w’adwenem no, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’akwahosan yiye!

` Nsuo mu ahoɔden pɔtee, asaabo akwahosan, nsuo mu nhwehwɛmu, nsuo mu dodoɔ, asaabo mu yareɛ, nsuo a ɛtɔ